Sevastopol bilingval gymnasium 2 Exploring of Australian English

Sevastopol bilingval gymnasium #2 “Exploring of Australian English peculiarities” Student: Sychova Julia, 10 -B Tutors: Puchina I. G. Gassieva T. M. 2011

How and when did Australian English originate? The history of Australian English starts with kangaroo (1770) and Captain James Cook’s glossary of local words used in negotiations with the Endeavour River tribes. The language was pidgin.

Aboriginal Vocabulary boomerang billabong (waterhole) kookaburra jumbuck (sheep) corroboree (assembly) wombat wallaby

Adopted words from maritime pidgin English • Gammon Victorian English word for pretend, means joking generally. Gammoning – usually pronounced Gam'in'. • Gubbah is a term to refer to white people. It is a shortening of the word Government Another theory is a contraction of Governor. It has also been said to mean "White Ghost".

British colonization of Australia The fact that “white” Australia has its roots in the penal system undoubtedly affects Australian culture, including language. British colonization of Australia did not begin until the late eighteenth century;

Australian convicts of the early years gaol gang, iron gang, prisoner of the Crown short-sentenced - for seven years; an “abolitionist” advocated the termination of transporting convicts to Australia

“Flash” language Swagman, billy, jumbuck, tucker-bag and coolibah tree are early Australianisms.

Roots of Australian English • corker, dust-up, purler and tootsy - Ireland • billy - the Scottish bally, (a milk pail) • fossick - is a Cornish word (to search unsystematically) • cobber - the Suffolk verb to cob, (to take a liking to someone) • tucker is widely used for “food”. • clobber - Romany roots, recorded in Kent (clubbered up, dressed up)

Australian English contains much evidence of British influence All Australia’s major institutions of parliament, bureaucracy, education, and even common language are modeled on British lines. Criminal acts: A drawing of soldiers inspecting convicts arriving in Sydney in the 18 th Century.

The ability of Australian English to absorb foreign influences “… any straying from standard usage as ordained in the United Kingdom was not Australian English. It was bad English. ” Donald Horne In fact, today “possibly Australians have the biggest passive people. ” vocabulary of any

Commonly distinguish between 3 accents • 1. Cultivated. • 2. Broad. • 3. General. • • /ɑ: / /i: / /aʊ/ /ɪə/ /a: / /əɪ/ /æʊ/ /i: / heart /ha: t/ see /səɪ/ now /næʊ/ near /ni: /

Some mishap - “To whom should I write? ” - “Well, Emma Chisit. ” The author wrote a quick note for Emma, signed the book, and handed it back. The customer read the page and glanced up with a confused look. - “My name’s Mary. I just wanted to know how much the book was. ”

What exactly is the Australian accent? The pronunciation is virtually unchanged across the distance • “-es, ” found either in the plural form of a noun or in the third person, singular, present tense of a verb, transforms into an unstressed vowel, a schwa. • no distinction in pronunciation between “dances” and “dancers. ” • The prefixes be-, de-, pre-, and se- are represented by [i] or [I] preceded by a schwa. • a buffet in Australia sounds more like “buff it”

Uniquely Australian terms • outback to refer to remote regional areas, • walkabout to refer to a long journey of uncertain length and • bush to refer to native forested areas, but also to regional areas as well.

Dingo, kangaroo - elements of Aboriginal languages “Fair dinkum” can mean “Are you telling me the truth? ”, “This is the truth!“ “This is ridiculous!” (depending on context. ) G'day is a stereotypical Australian greeting. (It is worth noting that "G'day" is not quite synonymous with "good day", and is never used as an expression for "farewell". )

Didgeridoo Often thought of as an Aboriginal word, Didgeridoo/Didjeridu (a well known wooden musical instrument) is actually a term coined by an English settler.

A unique set of diminutives formed by adding -o or -ie to the ends of (often abbreviated) words aggro (aggressive), bikkie (biscuit), ambo (ambulance office), bitie (biting insect), arvo (afternoon), blowie (blowfly), avo (avocado), bookie (bookmaker), bizzo (business), brekkie (breakfast),

Abbreviations in Australian English • deli (delicatessen), • hoon (hooligan), • nana (banana), • roo (kangaroo), • uni (university),

Colourful Australian metaphors • as bald as a bandicoot, • as cunning as a dunny rat, • as lonely as a country dunny, • flat out like a lizard drinking, • grinning like a shot fox

Unique or unusual words • "blue" (either a fight or heated argument, or an embarrassing mistake), • "crook" (unwell, also unfair), • "to wag" (to play truant), • "cactus" (non-functional), • "cut" (angry)

Foodstuffs Australians Americans British English chips French Fries crisps biscuit cookie and cracker biscuit capsicum peppers zucchini courgette snow pea mangetout eggplant aubergine

c offee flat white - espresso with milk short black - espresso long black - espresso with water drinks Cheap, unbranded Australian wine is called "cleanskin" wine sarsaparilla is a type of root beer

Processed pork • Belgium sausage – Tasmania • Byron sausage – New England. • devon – Victoria, New South Wales, Tasmania, Australian Capital Territory • empire sausage – Hunter Valley • fritz – South Australia and Broken Hill, New South Wales • German sausage or pork German – Victoria and northern Tasmania • luncheon sausage – Queensland • polony – Western Australia • round meat – Northern Territory • strasburg or strasbourg or stras – Victoria, Tasmania • wheel meat – Tasmania • windsor sausage – North Queensland

Kin terms • • • Aunty and uncle Brother and sister Cousin Daughter Father and mother Poison Second, or little bit skin or skin group Son

Sport • Cricket: bowled over (taken by surprise), stumped (nonplussed), clean bowled or alternatively hit for six (completely defeated) • Football is called "Aussie Rules“, "league", "rugby" and "AFL“, • American football is known as gridiron.

Sample Text in Australian English I got up and put on my black daks. They are the most exy piece of my clobber as they’re my Dad’s last Chrissie prezzie. My Dad’s a bonzer bloke and I like him most of all my rellies. That’s cos I’ve got no Mum and my brother’s a bloody bludger and an ignorant ocker. We’ve never been matey with each other and I often get aggro with him.