SETTORE ABILIT LINGUISTICHE EXCENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO Corso
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO Corso di preparazione livello B 1 per l'idoneità della lingua inglese Dott. ssa Irene Frederick 1°Semester, 2017 -2018
Week 2 Listening Adjectives, adverbs, comparisons
Listening practice Grammar for PET – Unit 1
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO Which aspect of English do you find most difficult? 1. Use of English: grammar 2. Reading: understanding written English 3. Listening: understanding spoken English
What makes understanding speech difficult?
Consonants disappear or change! «Dunno» I don’t know no ‘t’ - silent ‘k’ «Gonnago» I’m going to go. (no second ‘g’ - ‘to’ becomes ‘uh’ or disappears) “wadywannano? ” What do you want to know? (no ‘t’ – ‘do you’ becomes ‘dy’ – ‘want to’ becomes ‘wanna’)
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE Other problems with Listening. . . • EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO homophones: words that sound the same there their they're where wear we’re • silent letters: e. g. could know • unstressed syllables: THE SCHWA
Schwa Note the different pronunciation according to the stress: in words man /a/ postman / / sent / e / present / /
Schwa One syllable ‘uh’ sound love tough rough you ? to ? In a sentence: Pleased to meet you. More than one syllable - use schwa for unstressed syllable! UH! father fath curable cur assistant assist player play symbol symb polite purpose purp attend seven sev melon mel separate sepa above under und
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE Other problems with Listening. . . EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO The rhythm of English e. g. Pleased to meet you The time it takes to say something is unrelated to the number of syllables.
Rhythm of language • syllable-timed = La durata di ogni sillaba è uguale. Examples are: Italian, French, Spanish, Turkish, Finnish and Chinese duh duh • stress-timed = La durata tra due sillabe accentate è uguale. Examples are: English, German, Dutch, Russian duh ………………. duh
STRESS-TIMED LANGUAGES English German Dutch Russian
SYLLABLE-TIMED LANGUAGES Italian French, Spanish Turkish Finnish Chinese
rhythm • John remember the milk (syllable-timed) • John remember the milk (stress-timed)
Italian is a syllable-timed language English is a stress-timed language In Italian the syllables are the same length so if the sentence is long, it will take longer to say. In English the syllables are not the same length. In English the amount of time it takes to say something does not depend on the number of syllables. DOGS CHASE CATS THE DOGS CHASE THE CATS THE DOGS WILL BE CHASING THE CATS
So some sounds have to be reduced The reduced sounds are words like ‘for’, ‘a’, ‘to, ‘you’ and the unstressed parts of words. The stressed sounds are content words. We listen for the content words to understand what someone is saying. Listen for the content words: This present is for my brother. It’s a book about a boy wizard. To survive the cold weather you have to make thorough preparations.
Listening strategies How can we improve our listening ability?
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO Listening is like getting fit … If we want to get fit we must begin with little steps and go short distances, over time you will build up the distance …
Listening: strategies 1. Predicting content (knowing what to expect) 2. Listening for gist (get the general meaning) 3. Detecting signposts (content words, tone of voice, functional language, etc)
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO IMPROVE YOUR LISTENING Listen only (x 2, x 3) Read and Listen (transcript) Listen again (no transcript)
We are going to hear a conversation. Predict the content on the basis of these clues …
Task: Can you get the general idea by answering these questions. (00: 00 -00: 40) Who? Where? What? Why? How? When?
Tell your neighbour what you understood … Who? Where? What? Why? How? When?
Who? Who are they? • A boy and a girl • A boy called Callum and a girl (Emily) • Two friends? • Brother and sister? • A couple?
Where are they? • In the (High) Street • In town. • In the town centre • At the shops • At the shopping mall
What? What are they doing? • Walking in the street. • Shopping • Looking round the shops. What does Emily want to buy? • Some new clothes. What day is it? • Saturday
Why? Why does Emily need new clothes? • She needs something to wear for her birthday party.
How? How do they feel? Emily feels excited about her party. Callum is tired and bored. Callum isn’t interested in clothes. Note the adjectives all end in –ed. The ‘ed’ ending is a past participle. Past participles can be used as adjectives. Past participles often describe …. ? Feelings!
Past Participles as adjectives VERB tire confuse satisfy surprise annoy wear out ADJECTIVE tired confused satisfied surprised annoyed worn out 1. L’insegnante era ………… del lavoro della classe. (sodisfatto) The teacher was satisfied with the class’s work. 2. Il ragazzo era ………………. . dall’atteggiamento della donna (infastidito). The boy was annoyed by the woman’s attitude. 3. Dopo aver spostato tutte le scatole pesanti ci siamo sentiti veramente …………… (sfiniti) After moving all the boxes we felt really worn out.
Present participles: ING adjectives We also heard: Shopping is tiring. Clothes shops are always boring. Adjectives in –ing are present participles. Present participles can be adjectives Present participles describe … the source That’s surprising news. Your plans are very exciting. of feelings
Present participles: ING adjectives Translate: Fu un finale di campionato veramente …………. (entusiasmante) It was a really exciting championship final.
ED and ING adjectives SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO What’s the difference between adjectives ending in -ed and -ing? -ed surprised excited -ing surprising exciting -edexciting excited -ing adjectives describe a person’s feelings 1. ……… /opinions (someobody feels this = passive)
Error Identification Right or Wrong? interested • Callum isn’t interesting in clothes. • Callum is tired of shopping. tiring • Shopping is tired.
What functions? A 3 SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO • Come on, Callum. Let's try this shop now. • Oh, not another clothes shop … I'm tired. • But I still need to find something to wear for my birthday party. I'm really excited about it. You are coming, aren't you? • Yes, of course. . . but can't we have a rest? Shopping's so tiring. And clothes shops are always boring and crowded, especially on Saturdays. • I suppose you're not really interested in clothes. That's why you're tired.
Listen to the 2° part of the dialogue (00: 40) Answer these questions: • What does Callum want to buy? • What, according to Callum, is interesting? • What, according to Callum, is exciting? • What does Emily promise Callum?
Transcript 1. 19 A 3 SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO • Well, do you want to get anything in town today? • I'd like to go to the computer shop over there. Now, that shop is interesting! • But you don’t need a new computer. • No, but there’s a new computer game I want. It’s really exciting. I played it at Jack’s last week. • Look, I promise we’ll go to the computer shop afterwards. Come on, please. I want to look good at the party and I haven’t got anything yet. I want you to help me. • Oh, … all right then.
Exercise …
Adjectives – Grammar Exercises, p. 3 SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO Underline the correct adjective in each sentence. 1. That was an interesting/interested lesson. 2. My parents were tiring/tired after the long flight. 3. We were boring/bored so we went to the cinema. 4. I enjoy my job but it's very tiring/tired.
Adjectives – Grammar Exercises cont. SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO 5. You'll be surprising/surprised when I tell you what happened. 6. We were exciting/excited about seeing Michael again. 7. All the programmes on TV tonight look boring/bored. 8. I'm staying in an amazing/amazed hotel. 9. My friend was annoying/annoyed with me because I was late. 10. Hans is interesting/interested in art so I took him to the Picasso exhibition.
clothes
clothes
Vocaulary: Clothes and Accessories
Part 3: Later the same day … Can you hear these items of clothing? skirt belt boots trainers 1. 20 How does Callum feel at the end?
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO Adjective order 1. 16 Write these in the right order. 1) short black wool lovely skirt 2) black white belt 3) favourite long my black boots 4) leather white those trainers
Adjective order SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE 1. 30 EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO What is the correct order of these adjectives? short black wool lovely skirt black white black long favourite boots trainers leather white 1) A wool lovely short _____ black and white belt. 2) A __________ long black 3) My favourite _____ boots. white _____ leather trainers. 4)Those _______ skirt.
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO Adjectives – Remember the order! favourite long black leather Opinion Size/age/ shape Color material I miei stivali preferiti lunghi e neri in pelle boots
Transcript (1. 23) SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO • Where shall we go now then? • Well, last week I saw a lovely short black wool skirt, with a black and white belt, in that new shop that‘s just opened. I tried it on but I wasn't sure. It was quite expensive. • Well, your mum gave you some money. So why don't we go and see if they still have it? You can try it on again.
Transcript 1. 503 SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO • I hope it's still there. I did like it. And the material felt really soft. I can wear my favourite long black boots with it. I bought them a long time ago but they're comfortable and they'll look good with the skirt. And I can wear. . . • Come on, then. Oh, just a minute. Can we go in this shop first? Look at those white leather trainers. They're really cool. They're just what I want and they're on sale. • I thought you were tired. . .
opinion size /age /shape colour material difficult small narrow happy plastic funny old dirty boring velvet grey interesting round cotton young metal square unusual suede
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO • Listening break VOCAB: lay off (sth)– lasciar stare/perdere step on (sth) – pestare knock down - stendere slander - calunniare
Blue suede shoes - 1955
What is the song about?
Which is right? 1. A T-shirt white A white T-shirt 2. Some leathers trainers Some leather trainers 3. A black, white belt Adjective before noun No agreement ‘and’ with 2 colours A black and white belt 4. A clear and blue sea A clear, blue sea No ‘and’ with other adjectives
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO Adjectives – Grammar Exercises, p. 4 C 5 Read this email and correct the mistakes Hi Sally I can't see you next week because I'm going on holiday with my parents. very small town We always stay near a town very small on the coast. There is a lovely, sandy beach lovely and sandy beach and the sea is clear and warm. The town has lots of art galleries beautiful old beautiful buildings. My parents like going to the galleries art but I get bored cheap clothes I get boring so I go to the shops. You can buy cheaps clothes there. favourite restaurant I hope we go to my restaurant favourite. your exciting news Write back and tell me all your excited news. Duncan
Nouns used as adjectives • Toenail (unghie del piede) • Lamp post (palo della luce) • Mouse-trap (trappola per topi) In English you often see two nouns together which describe one thing. The first noun is used to describe the second noun, so it acts like an adjective. The two nouns can be attached as one word, joined by a hyphen (-) or be two words.
Nouns used as adjectives cavallo da corsa racehorse race corsa di cavalli horserace
Now you … festa di compleanno birthday party negozio di abbigliamento clothes shop gioco al computer game scuola di lingue language school
Vocabulary ITALIAN ENGLISH carta di credito credit card sveglia alarm clock fermata dell’autobus stop ingorgo stradale traffic jam diva/o del cinema film star centro città city centre volante della polizia police car camion dei pompieri fire engine rubrica address book spettacolo serale evening performance
Read these sentences carefully… ; -) alarm clock 1. I bought a new fire engine because I couldn’t wake up in the morning. filmstar 2. Everyone was looking at the credit card as she came into the hotel. credit card 3. The café wouldn’t accept my football boots so I paid in cash. 4. I usually clean myfootball police boots car when I get home from a match evening performance 5. We couldn’t get tickets for the traffic jam so we went in the afternoon. 6. Our teacher was late because there was a big traffic jam film star on the motorway.
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO Grammar: adverbs (unit 2)
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO Adjectives tell us about a noun. tired The dog is tired. blue, suede blue suede shoes
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO Adverbs tell us about a verb. He cycles carefully. He's waiting patiently. I'm at the station now. They are usually on time. He treats us well.
Adverbs tell us about a verb Adverbs say: SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO They are usually on time. How often I never eat meat. She’s often in a bad mood. He cycles carefully. She's waiting patiently. He treats us well.
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO Adverbs say: I’m at the university now. When I rarely have supper late. She is at her friend’s house. I like coming here. Where We waited in a cafè.
p. 8, Forming Adverbs SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO B 2 HOW’ (adverbs of manner) adjective + ly » adverb perfect usual perfectly usually safely nb. (spelling) noisy noisily comfortable comfortably safely e. g. Despite the weather, the plane landed ………… on the runway.
p. 9, False Friends B 3 SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO lately = in ritardo eg. Have you seen him lately? Have you seen him recently? Italian: recentemente
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE p. 9, False Friends EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO B 3 hardly duramente eg. I hardly ate last night. I wasn’t hungry. I hardly know him, do you? (quasi per niente, a mal a pena) But … They worked hard to finish the job.
IRREGULAR ADVERBS ADJECTIVE ADVERB FAST EARLY HARD LATE GOOD FAST EARLY HARD LATE WELL well 1. He plays the piano very …………… although he hasn’t had many lessons. fast 2. You are driving too …………. . hard 3. He works too …………. He should go out more.
p. 9, Rule B 4 SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO Adverbs don’t separate a verb and object. e. g. I posted your letter. (on Wednesday) Which is correct? 1. I posted on Wednesday your letter. 2. I posted your letter on Wednesday. e. g. I wrapped the present. (carefully) 1. I wrapped carefully the present. 2. I wrapped the present carefully.
Order of adverbs Why is this sentence wrong? Josh cycled at one o’clock to the station quickly. What is the correct order of adverbs? How? Where? When? quickly to the station at one o’clock Josh cycled quickly to the station at one o’clock.
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE GFP – p. 9, Adverb Position EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO B 4 ‘When’ adverbs sometimes go at the beginning of the sentence. At one o'clock Josh cycled quickly to the station.
p. 9, The rule B 4 SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO ‘How often’ (frequency) adverbs go before the main verb: I never see her. I seldom eat out on Mondays. But after ‘be’ I'm often late. Nb. Other adverbs that go before the main verb: already – also - just – still – even - only I've just arrived. I'm still at the station.
Frequency adverbs go before the verb. Now you … Where do the adverbs go? I see her (often) I often see her We go out on Mondays (never) We never go out on Mondays The weather is good in spring. (sometimes) The weather is sometimes warm in spring. They visit their cousins. (seldom) They seldom visit their cousins I eat in the university canteen. (always) I always eat in the university canteen. He’s late (occasionally) He’s occasionally late. saksòfakjsdfklasòfkljaòslkfjòasfjòakdfòa
A Typical mistake …. Parlo molto bene l’inglese! I speak very well English! I speak English very well!
Write your answers …
Cloze test (p. 10) Adjective or adverb? SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO Teenagers like to dress (1) …. . . (fashionable) but their parents don't always think their clothes are (2). . . (suitable*). They look (3). . . . (unhappy) at their children as they leave the house. Some parents are (4). . . . (honest) and say (5). . . . . (polite) what they think, others get (6) ……. . . (angry) and shout that they don't like the clothes. But the best idea is for parents to sit (7) …. . . (calm) in their chairs and say nothing. They forget that when they were teenagers, they didn't like to dress (8) …. . . (different) from their friends and they didn't always choose their clothes (9) …. . . (sensible*). But their opinions changed (10) …. . (slow) and by the time they were thirty, they had begun to dress like their own parents! *suitable = idoneo /adatto *sensible = dotato di buon senso
Vocabulary: Fashion fashion (noun) = la moda fashionable (adj) = di moda SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO Mi piace indossare vestiti di moda. I like wearing fashionable clothes Lavora nel mondo della moda. He works in the fashion world. E’ molto ‘fashion’. Colori vivaci sono di moda quest’anno Bright colours are fashionable this year. E’ molto ‘fashionable’. Questo vestito è molto di moda! This dress is very fashionable! Milano è il centro dell’industria della moda. Milan is the centre of the fashion industry
Cloze test (p. 10) Adjective or adverb? SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO Teenagers like to dress (1) …. . . (fashionable) but their parents don't always think their clothes are (2). . . (suitable*). They look (3). . . . (unhappy) at their children as they leave the house. Some parents are (4). . . . (honest) and say (5). . . . . (polite) what they think, others get (6) ……. . . (angry) and shout that they don't like the clothes. But the best idea is for parents to sit (7) …. . . (calm) in their chairs and say nothing. They forget that when they were teenagers, they didn't like to dress (8) …. . . (different) from their friends and they didn't always choose their clothes (9) …. . . (sensible*). But their opinions changed (10) …. . (slow) and by the time they were thirty, they had begun to dress like their own parents! *suitable = idoneo /adatto *sensible = dotato di buon senso
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO Cloze test (p. 10) Teenagers like to dress (1)…. . . but their parents don't always think their clothes are (2). . . They look (3) …. . at their children as they leave the house. 1. a. fashionable b. fashionably c. cooler 2. a. suit b. stylishly 3. a. unhappy suitable = adatto b. happy c. style d. mode d. suitable c. sad d. unhappily
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO Exam Practice (GFP p. 10) Some parents are (4). . . . and say (5). . . . . what they think, whereas others get (6) …. . . . and shout that they don't like the clothes. But the best idea is for parents to sit (7) …. . . in their chairs and say nothing. 4. a. true b. truly c. honestly d. honest 5. a. politeness polite b. politely c. polite d. more 6. a. angry b. angrily c. anger d. angered 7. a. calm b. calming c. calmly d. calmer
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO Exam Practice (GFP p. 10) They forget that when they were teenagers, they didn't like to dress (8) …. . . from their friends and they didn't always choose their clothes (9) …. . . but their opinions changed (10) …. . . and by the time they were thirty they had begun to dress like their own parents! 8. a. different b. difference c. differed 9. a. sensitive b. sensitively c. sensibly 10. a. slowness slowed b. slowly sensible = dotato di buon senso d. differently d. sensible c. slow d.
Comparatives and superlatives See scans for exercises
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE GFP – p. 13, Comparisons B 1 EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO This is how we compare things with adjectives. longer the longest nicer the nicest bigger the biggest famous more famous the most famous dirty dirtier the dirtiest popular more popular the most popular
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE Irregular Adjectives B 1 EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO Important irregular adjectives: good better the best bad worse the worst far further the furthest better than his last one. His latest song is …. . . . best singer in the world. He's the …. . . .
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE Adjectives B 1 EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO We also use (not) as. . . as and less. . . than to compare things. The outdoor pool isn't as popular as the indoor one. The outdoor pool is less popular (than the indoor one). The indoor pool is more popular (than the outdoor one). When two things are the same, we say: The outdoor pool is as popular as the indoor one.
Idioms in English (similies) • It’s as light as a feather • It’s as clear as mud • It’s as dry as a bone • It’s as flat as a pancake • It’s as quick as lightening It’s as exciting as watching paint dry. As white as a sheet As proud as a peacock As fit as a fiddle As blind as a bat
SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO In comparatives, remember “THAN”! 500 is greater than 100. Gold is more expensive than silver. Rome is further from Parma than Bologna. People like skiing more than playing squash.
Nouns Countable Uncountable A commercial (uno ‘spot’) Advertising (la pubblicità)
Comparing quantities (nouns) SETTORE ABILITÀ LINGUISTICHE EX-CENTRO LINGUISTICO DI ATENEO more (più) few (pochi/e) less (poca/o) We use fewer and the fewest to compare countable nouns: Do you agree with this statement? There are more commercials on the RAI than on the private TV channels of Mediaset. There are fewer commercials on National TV We use less and the least to compare uncountable nouns: nouns Do you agree with this statement? There's more advertising on the RAI than on Mediaset. There’s less advertising on the RAI.
Exercise … Do Ex C 4, page 7 ‘Grammar For Pet’
COMPARING ADVERBS … follow the rule (short/long words) Julie studies more conscientiously than her brother. Mary sings more tunefully than me. I don’t sleep as deeply as I used to. He speaks less quickly than before. We are studying harder than ever.
Exercise … Do Ex C 3, page 6 ‘Grammar For Pet’
What we did. Listening skills. Adjectives (ed/ing, order, basic rules, nouns as adjectives) Adverbs (different kinds, order) Comparing (qualities, quantities)
To do … • Study Units 1, 2 and 3 (adjectives, adverbs, comparisons) • Do the listening exercises. • Read the transcript at the back of the book and find examples of the grammar points covered in the lesson. • Do the exercises Bye for now!!
- Slides: 95
