Settlement A settlement is a place where people

Settlement • A settlement is a place where people live • Most people live in permanent settlements • Some people are unfortunate to live in temporary settlements

Permanent or Temporary Settlement?

Types of settlement Site Characteristics Defensive Difficult to attack e. g. hill-top or island Hill-foot Sheltered, with flat land for building and farming Gap Lower, more sheltered land between two hills Wet point Close to water in a dry area Dry point On higher, dry area close to wet land e. g. marshes or flooding rivers Route centre Focus of routes (e. g. roads) from surrounding area Bridging point Where bridges can be built over a river

Which type of settlement? Bridging Point Route Centre Defensive Wet Point Hill-foot Dry Point Gap site

Which type of settlement? • • • Settlement 1 is a Gap site because it is a lower and more sheltered site between two hills. Settlement 2 is a wet-point because it is close to water in a dry area. Settlement 3 is a dry-point because it is a higher, drier site above wetland. Settlement 4 is a Route Centre because it is a focus of routes (roads and river) in this area. Settlement 5 is a Hill-foot site because it is is sheltered and flat for building and farming.

Importance of Individual Sites • The importance of individual sites changed over time. • Which features do you think were more important in early times and which do you think were more important more recently?

Importance of Individual Sites Years Ago Feature Reason Good defence Hard to attack, e. g. Hill top, island For water and fish supplies Close to water Close to woodland On useful farmland For fuel, building materials and food To provide food Flat land Makes building easier Good communications By road and river

Importance of Individual Sites Now Feature Reason Close to resources As materials for industry e. g. coal Close to ports To transport materials or goods Faster communication As industry grew and developed e. g. canals, railways and more recently, motorways and airports. Pleasant environment For a) larger number of retired people and b) hi-tech industries which wish to be in attractive areas

Food and water supplies Defence Communications Building houses Warkworth Trade Sea can be used for fishing for food Flat land is great for farming, as shown by the pattern of fields Trees are good for hunting animals River means enemies can only attack from 1 side Sea can be used for trade River and roads can be used for communication River stops housing being built to east and west River and roads can be used for trade N Castle defends the south side Flat land good for building housing Wet land not ideal for building houses

Settlement shapes • The spacing of places is very different all across the country • In the countryside houses can be scattered randomly with space between each house this is called dispersed • Some settlements have grown along a road – this is called linear • Towns or villages may be compact, with shops, offices, and houses all very close together – this is called nucleated

Settlement Shapes There are 3 basic shapes of rural settlements Dispersed Linear Nucleated Dispersed Linear settlements have buildings abuildings defined which centre scattered arelike about stretched awith market undeveloped out square alongor a road, land crossroads in-between in a line

Settlement sizes Hamlet City Village Farm Town • An isolated settlement consisting of one house Farm • A settlement of only a few houses and without a church Hamlet • A settlement with a few services, such as a church, public house and a small shop Village • A larger settlement with several shops, churches, a senior school, supermarkets, a doctor, dentist, banks and a small hospital Town • A very large settlement with a large railway station, shopping complex, cathedral, large hospital, museum, university and office blocks City

Settlement Hierarchy Aim: To find out what settlement hierarchy is and how it is ordered.

What does it look like? Primate/Capital city

What type of settlement is this? Village Farm Hamlet City Town