SET 1 Chapter 4 Measurement 4 1 Introduction

SET 1 Chapter 4 Measurement ﺍﻟﻘﻴــﺎﺱ

4 - 1 Introduction • ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ Measurement is finding a number that shows the size or amount of something. • Measurement is done using measuring tools. • There are two main systems of measurement: - The English system ﺍﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ - The Metric system ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ SET 1 - Chapter 4 2 GFP - Sohar University

4 - 2 The English System ﺍﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ • The English system of measurement is still in use in the United States for many non-scientific purposes. • The many units of measure and conversion factors in the English system can be very difficult to remember and use. • In this system, length is usually measured in inches (abbreviated in), feet (abbreviated ft), yard (abbreviated yd) and miles (abbreviated mi). • Weight is typically measured in ounces (abbreviated oz), pounds (abbreviated lb) and tons (abbreviated T). • Capacity is typically measured in fluid ounces (abbreviated fl oz), quarts (abbreviated qt), pints (abbreviated pt) and gallons (abbreviated gal). SET 1 - Chapter 4 3 GFP - Sohar University

• Below is some of the English system conversions factors: Conversion Factors for Length: Conversion Factors for Capacity (Liquid): 1 mile (mi) = 1760 yards (yd) 1 mile (mi) = 5280 feet (ft) 1 yard (yd) = 36 inches (in) 1 foot (ft) = 12 inches (in) 1 gallon (gal) = 4 quarts (qt) 1 gallon (gal) =8 pints (pt) 1 gallon (gal) =128 fluid ounces (fl oz) 1 quart (qt) = 2 pints (pt) 1 pint (pt) = 16 fluid ounces (fl oz) Conversion Factors for Weight: 1 ton (T) = 2000 pounds (lb) 1 pound (lb) = 16 ounces (oz) SET 1 - Chapter 4 4 GFP - Sohar University

Example 1: Change: (a) 5 yards to feet (b) 648 inches to feet (c) 79, 200 feet to miles (d) 8 feet 7 inches to inches (e) 35 feet to yards and write the remainder in feet Solution: SET 1 - Chapter 4 5 GFP - Sohar University

SET 1 - Chapter 4 6 GFP - Sohar University

Example 2: Change: (a) 9 pounds to ounces (b) 11, 000 pounds to tons (c) 2 tons to ounces (d) 14 pounds 3 ounces to ounces (e) 70 ounces to pounds and write the remainder in ounces Solution: SET 1 - Chapter 4 7 GFP - Sohar University

Example 3: Change: (a) 5 gallons to quarts (b) 7 pints to quarts (c) 3 pints 10 fluid ounces to pints (d) 72 pints to gallons Solution: 1 gallon = 8 pints 1 pint = 16 fluid ounces 1 pt = 16 fl oz SET 1 - Chapter 4 8 GFP - Sohar University

4 - 3 The Metric System ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ • Most of the world outside the United States, and scientists everywhere, primarily use the metric system. • The metric system is sometimes abbreviated as the SI system. • The metric system has a few basic units, and measures larger and smaller quantities using multiples of ten. • The standard metric units include meters (abbreviated m) for length, grams (abbreviated g) for mass, and liters (abbreviated l) for volume. SET 1 - Chapter 4 9 GFP - Sohar University

• For larger and smaller amounts, the metric system uses the prefixes shown in following table: Prefix teragigamegakilohectodecadecicentimillimicro- SET 1 - Chapter 4 In number 1 000 000 1 000 100 10 0. 1 0. 001 0. 000 001 In words ﺗﺮﻳـﻠﻴـﻮﻥ trillion ﻣﻠﻴـﺎﺭ billion ﻣﻠﻴـﻮﻥ million ﺃﻠـﻒ thousand ﻣﺌـﺔ hundred ﻋﺸـﺮﺓ ten ﺷـﺮ tenth ﻭﺍﺣـﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺌـﺔ hundredth ﻭﺍﺣـﺪ ﺑﺎﻷﻠـﻒ thousandth ﻭﺍﺣـﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻠﻴـﻮﻥ millionth 10 Symbol T G M k h da d c m µ GFP - Sohar University

Example 4: Change: (a) 1 kilometer to centimeters (b) 5 kilograms to grams (c) 5 meter to centimeters (d) 1 liter to deciliters (e) 1 centimeter to millimeters (f) 1 kiloliter to millimeters Solution: SET 1 - Chapter 4 11 GFP - Sohar University

SET 1 - Chapter 4 12 GFP - Sohar University

4 - 4 Changing between English and Metric Units ﺍﻟﻤﺘﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺍﻹﻧﻜﻠﻴﺰﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻣﻴﻦ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ • The following table gives several conversion factors for changing between English and Metric Units: Length Weight And Mass Capacity English to Metric to English 1 inch = 2. 54 centimeters 1 centimeter = 0. 39 inches 1 foot = 30. 48 centimeters 1 meter = 39. 37 inches 1 mile = 1. 61 kilometers 1 kilometer = 0. 62 miles 1 ounce = 28. 35 grams 1 gram = 0. 035 ounces 1 pound = 0. 45 kilograms 1 kilogram = 2. 20 pounds 1 fluid ounce = 29. 57 milliliters 1 milliliter = 0. 034 fluid ounces 1 gallon = 3. 78 liters SET 1 - Chapter 4 1 liter = 0. 26 gallons 13 GFP - Sohar University

Example 5: Change: (a) 2 feet to centimeter (b) 2 litters to fluid ounces (c) 6 feet to meters (d) 12 fluid ounces to milliliters (e) 65 mile to kilometers Solution: SET 1 - Chapter 4 14 GFP - Sohar University

Example 6: If a machine is labeled as 3000 kilograms, should it be moved by a forklift rated for a maximum of 5000 pounds? Solution: SET 1 - Chapter 4 15 GFP - Sohar University

Example 7: The price of one liter of a chemical is $ 25. What is the price of 5 gallons of this chemical? Solution: SET 1 - Chapter 4 16 GFP - Sohar University