SESSION PLAN Overview 5 minutes Scale Exercise 5

SESSION PLAN Overview 5 minutes Scale Exercise 5 minutes 10 minutes Jurisdiction Exercise 5 minutes Sectors Exercise 10 minutes 15 minutes Policy Exercise 5 minutes 10 minutes Harmonization Exercise 15 minutes 10 minutes Summary 5 minutes

Low Emissions Land Use Planning Development Team Acknowledgements Name Affiliation David Saah; Co-Lead University of San Francisco, SIG Name Affiliation Phan Xuan Thieu Vinh University, Vietnam Mohd Zaki Hamzah; Co-Lead University Putra Malaysia Chalita Sriladda USAID-LEAD Khamla Phanvilay, Co-Lead National University of Laos Hoang Thi Thu Duyen Vietnam Forestry University, Vietnam Cao Thuy Anh Dalat University, Vietnam Ladawan Puangchit Kasetsart University, Thailand Chalermpol Samranpong Chiang Mai University, Thailand Do Anh Tuan Vietnam Forestry University, Vietnam Pham Thanh Nam USAID LEAF Vietnam Lyna Khan Royal University of Phnom Penh, Cambodia Peter Stephen USAID LEAF Bangkok Le Ba Thuong Vietnam Forestry University, Vietnam Hoang Vinh Phu Vinh University, Vietnam Napat Jakwattana University of Phayao, Thailand Vipak Jintana Kasetsart University, Thailand Nur Anishah Binti Aziz University Kebangsaan Malaysia Kulala Mulung PNG University of Technology Ratcha Chaichana Kasetsart University, Thailand Sureerat Lakanavichian Chiang Mai University, Thailand Somvilay Chanthalounnavong National University of Laos Thavrak Huon Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia Vongphet Sihapanya National University of Laos Athsaphangthong Munelith USAID LEAF Laos David Ganz USAID LEAF Bangkok Attachai Jintrawet Chiang Mai University, Thailand Chi Pham, Project Coordinator USAID LEAF Bangkok Chanin Chiumkanokchai USAID LEAF Bangkok Kent Elliott US Forest Service Lam Ngoc Tuan Dalat University, Vietnam Beth Lebow US Forest Service Mark Fenn USAID Vietnam Forests & Deltas Geoffrey Blate US Forest Service

Low Emission Land Use Planning (LELUP) Section 1. Enabling Environment 1. 1. Regulatory Assessments Regional Climate Change Curriculum Development

LELUP Framework 5. 3 Evaluate, Report & Adapt 1. 1 Regulatory Assessments 5. 2 Monitor & Measure Progress 1. 2 Stakeholder Engagement 1. 3 Planning & Development Goals & Objectives 5. 1 Establish M&E Framework MONITORING & EVALUATION 4. 3 Implementation Needs NEGOTIATING & PRIORITIZING IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 4. 2 Priorities & Sequence Implementation Activities ENABLING ENVIRONMENT Low Emission Land Use Planning ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT CONDITION ANALYSIS OF FUTURE OPTIONS 4. 1 Negotiate Agreement on Options 3. 3 Scenario Assessment 2. 1 Environment, Social, & Economic Data Needs 2. 2 Understanding Historic Land Use Change 2. 3 Data & Capacity Gap Assessment 3. 1 Modeling Future Trends 3. 2 Business as Usual Baseline Construction

Learning Objectives At the end of this session, learners will be able to: § Explain the importance of the regulatory framework (jurisdictional and sector) that will guide the LELUP. § Identify limitations and boundaries within which the LELUP must be developed.

Goal / Objective NOW Agent of Change The Land Use Planning Framework Scenario 1 M&E ition d n o C t n e r r u nd / C Past Tre Time/Space Rules of the Game +/Scenario 2 +/BAU Scenario 3 + / -

Overview Examine the jurisdictions, sectors, policies and scales that will define the ‘Enabling Environment’ for the planning process, planning decisions and ultimately the land use agreement. NO YES

Land Tenure Land tenure is usually a ‘bundle’ of rights: De facto rights Statutory or de jure rights

Legal Pluralism and Tenure Security § Legal Pluralism is when two or more systems co-exist or interact. § Tenure Security is the certainty of a person’s or institution’s rights to land that are recognized by others. What is the implication for climate change on tenure regimes and tenure security?

1. Scale (& Landscape)

1. Scale (& Drivers) After: Giller et al, 2008

1. Scale (& Management) MACRO LEVEL: Policy/National/ International Type of basin organization Basin management strategies and plans Level of decisionmaking Natural resource system Transboundary (e. g. ) commission MESO LEVEL: Implementation MESO/MICRO LEVEL: at national and sub. Operational national/sub-basin scales National, inter-state basin (e. g. commission, authority, association) Transboundary basin Sub-basin management plan or management agreement or strategy, large sub-watershed or plan; transboundary compact; sub-aquifer or lake management national basin management plan Highest political decisionmaking level, transboundary agreements Local (e. g. land water management group) Local land water management plan, storm water management plan, local planning scheme (administered by local government) Province, state, district, territory Village co-operative, farm, (or national in small states) factory, forest, local government, water use district Part of a geographical zone, Regional or local ecological Areas with relatively such as a river, lake or aquifer system of a lake, river valley uniform ecological and basin within a basin, or sub-aquifer hydrological conditions within a aquifer province

Class Exercise: How Does CC Impact on the Enabling Environment Across Scales?

Climate Change Impacts Can Occur At Multiple Scales

2. Jurisdiction Political and regulatory frameworks that will influence the plan § Governance § Land Tenure

Example: Jurisdiction Watershed PARK FOREST FARM Province City

Class Exercise: Jurisdiction Use Google Earth for students to identify jurisdictional overlaps

3. Sectors Lands administered by a variety of different sectors § Forestry § Mining § Social/Economic § Transportation § Energy § Etc…

3. Sectors This may be conflicting at times when multiple sectors claim rights to certain resources that are not compatible Forest Concession

Sector contributions to GHGs

Class Exercise: Sectors Provide a local example of conflict between sectors within a defined scale and jurisdiction?

Policy – National GHG Targets Box 1: Selected Asian National Commitments and Low Emission Development Strategies Cambodia’s National Green Growth Roadmap (2009) provides no emission reduction target but commits to low -carbon green growth. China’s in associating with the Copenhagen Accord committed to a 40 to 45 per cent emission reduction per unit of GDP by 2020. China’s 12 th Five-Year-Plan, adopted in 2011, set an interim emission reduction target by 17% by 2015. India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change commits to reducing emissions per unit of GDP by 20 to 25% by 2020. Indonesia’s National Action Plan for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions (RAN-GRK) commits to a 26 to 41% emission reduction by 2020. Lao PDR’s National Strategy on Climate Change (2010) provides no emission reduction target, but commits to low-carbon economic growth. Malaysia’s has committed to a 40% reduction in emissions by 2020 and is preparing a roadmap to achieve this target. A National Policy on Climate Change was released in 2009. Papua New Guinea’s Preliminary Climate Compatible Development Plan (2009) commits to a 50% emission reductions by 2030 and carbon neutral by 2050 Philippines’s has committed to 80% reduction in emissions by 2050 and has passed the Philippine Climate Change Act and released the National Framework on Climate Change (2010 -2022) and the National Climate Change Action Plan (2011 -2028) Vietnam’s National Green Growth Strategy commits to a 8 to 10% reduction in emissions by 2020. (Sources: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 2011, FCCC/AWGLCA/2011/INF. 1 and Centre for Climate and Energy Solutions, Country Emission Targets)

Case Study Example: Policy Vietnam GHG Target: 8 to 10% reduction in emissions by 2020 Vietnam Sector Target: 20% Reduction in Ag&Rural Development Provencial Target: Maintain 61% Forest Cover by 2015 Commune: 17, 300 ha production forest

Class Exercise: Policy § What are your national current policies that restrict or set a limit on GHG emissions? § How will these policies impact on local (Provincial and/or district) low emission land use planning efforts?

Vertical Harmonization Goals or quotas established at a higher level of policy or strategic planning Constraints that have been set at a lower level of tactical planning National Policy Provincial Planning Level Existing District Plans

Horizontal Harmonization Goals or quotas established at the same level but across different sectors Provincial Socio. Economic Development Plan Provincial Land Use Planning Provincial Transportation Master Plan

Vertical & Horizontal Harmonization in Lam Dong Province, Vietnam National Vietnam Policy: maintain 60% forest cover Provincial SEDP: reduce population growth to 1. 3% Lam Dong Province Land Use Plan Bao Lam SFC: actively manage 17, 300 ha production forest Provincial SEDP: increase annual GDP from 1215% Local Communities: PFES contracting to protect specific forest areas

Summary: The Necessary Connections

EXERCISE

Challenges § ‘Siloed’ information and data § Limited knowledge on climate change mitigation options

Opportunities Stuff is happening: A growing number of national policies and emission reduction targets have been set that can incentivize subnational low emission planning efforts and be used to facilitate cooperation between sectors and jurisdictions.

TAKE HOME MESSAGE § Understanding the jurisdictions and sectors we work with is essential. § The connections and links between jurisdictions and sectors will be influenced by scale and policies § Understanding the connections between these four factors is essential in understanding the ‘Enabling Environment’

References and Bibliography § MRC (2011) Manual for Training Trainers in Integrated Water Resources Management in the Mekong Basin § UNDP (2012) Multi-stakeholder Decision-Making - A Guidebook for Establishing MSP ot Support Green Low-Emission and Climate-Resilient Development Strategies § Throughout South East Asia there are successful examples of low emission land use planning at a variety of scales: § At the local/community level, the Lao PDR National Agriculture and Forestry Research Institute have produced the excellent document: ‘Handbook on Participatory Land Use Planning. Methods and tools developed and tested in Viengkham District, Luang Prabang Province’ § At the sub-national level, the World Agroforestry Centre have produced some excellent guidance and support in: § § Indonesia (please see the: LUWES: Land use planning for Low Emission Development Strategy) § Vietnam (please see the document: ‘An Assessment of Opportunities for Reducing Emissions From All Land Uses. Vietnam Preparing for REDD – Final National Report’. At the national level: Various national governments (including Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines and Vietnam) have all produced Green Growth strategies or Low Emission Development Plans.