Session 20 TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS A model of personality

Session 20 TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS A model of personality & the dynamics of self and its relationship to others in terms of behavior

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS Ø Transactional Analysis (TA) developed by Dr. Eric Berne in 1950. Ø It helps people to understand where their feelings and behavior originate from and Ø provide them with the guidelines for happier and healthier ways to behave. TA involves analysis of; Ø Personality Ø EGO STATES Ø Life Transactions and Ø Life Positions

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS Personality One who knows the universe and does not know one-self, knows… nothing! Ø The brain records each person’s experiences from birth. Ø These recordings capture; - Sounds, Sights, Texture, Tastes & Feelings of everyday life. Ø Recordings are recalled whether consciously or unconsciously. - e. g. , “Sinking Feeling” when you are criticized. Ø Similarly other happenings of your past contribute to your personality.

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS Ego States We are made up of different parts And we experience one part of ourselves talking to other, e. g. , - I say to my self, Why did I eat Samosas when I am on diet? ” - Why was I so harsh to my friend Vicky? Transactional Analysis shows that our personality is made up of three parts, or ego states, called; PARENT (critical parent / nurturing parent) CHILD (adapted child / natural child / little professor) and THE ADULT We act in one of these ego states at a time or a combination of all at the same time.

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS Parent Ego-state Ø Way of thinking, acting, feeling or behaving similar to that of our parents. Ø Develops during the first 5 yrs. of our life. Ø Our PARENT state is based upon our brain’s recordings of our real parents. Ø Teaches manners and monitors by reward & punishment. Ø Supports and helps others by reassuring and doing things for them. Ø Uses terms like; You should, You must, I’m telling you, Come sit here, Let me see what happened… etc.

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS Child Ego-state Ø Contains our basic desires and needs Ø Also develops almost during the first 5 yrs. of our life. Ø Keeps the recordings of the feelings & reactions of our childhood. Ø It has two parts; - The Natural or Spontaneous Child (Free Child) Ø Ø The child as it naturally feels and acts freely upon its needs, desires, and impulses. Driven by Joy, Motivation, and Natural creativity - The Adapted Child & The Little Professor Ø Ø Expresses as Rebellion, Procrastination, or Compliance. The child responding to parental requests & admonitions.

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS Adult Ego-state Ø Contains & Processes current & objective info. about the world. Ø Usually develops during the 10 th year of age. Ø Continues to develop throughout life in a healthy & fit person. Ø That’s why its unique from Parent & Child. Ø It does two things, first; performs major tasks & activities, like: - Driving a car, Solving a problem or Learning a skill etc. and second; - Edits the inaccuracy in recorded data of Parent & Child. Ø Adult is thoughtful, logical, analytical & reflective. Ø Gathers info. , sorts and appropriately uses. Ø Considers alternatives while making decisions.

NATURAL PARENT C H I L D ADAPTED TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS THE EGO STATES ADULT

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS Life Transactions Ø A verbal or non verbal stimulus through which people interact with each other involving some transaction known as Life Transaction. Ø They are routed from ego-states. Ø They are of three types; - Complementary Ø When both the stimulus & response are similar in nature. - Non-complementary or Crossed Ø When the stimulus & response are not parallel. - Ulterior Ø When stimulus & response have dual meaning.

COMPLEMENTARY TRANSACTION Person 1 Person 2 P P A A C C 1. “I never seem to be able to keep track of when these meetings happen. ” 2. “Never mind. I’ll remind you. ”

COMPLEMENTARY TRANSACTION Person 1 Person 2 P P A A C C 1. “When is the meeting? ” 2. “Tomorrow at 2: 30. ”

CROSSED TRANSACTION Person 1 Person 2 P P A A C C 1. “Meetings, meetings! 2. “Yes, but meetings are the only way for all of us to exchange info. ”

ULTERIOR TRANSACTION Person 1 Person 2 P P A A C C 1. “What happened at the meeting yesterday? ” Ulterior Message: “You should have given me a report by now. ”

ULTERIOR TRANSACTION Person 1 Person 2 P P A A C C 1. “There was a lot of discussion on the sales figures. ” Ulterior Message: “Your performance was criticized. ”

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS Life Positions Developed by Dr. Thomas A. Harris in his famous book; - “I AM OK YOU ARE OK” The individual’s behavior towards others. Based on specific assumptions made early in life (almost childhood). Remain with the person for life time unless influenced to change. Are known as Life Positions or Psychological Positions.

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS Life Positions YOU ARE OK I A M O K I’m OK, U are OK I’m not OK, U are OK I Win U Win I Lose You Win Get along with others (GAW) Get away from others (GAO) I’m OK, U are not OK I’m not OK U are not OK I Win U Lose The Lost World Get rid of others (GRO) Get negative with life (GNL) YOU ARE NOT OK I A M N O T O K

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS Benefits & Uses of Transactional Analysis Ø Developing Positive Thinking - Positive reinforcements of thoughts - Active Listening Ø Interpersonal Effectiveness - Through understanding of ego-states - Through Complementary Transactions Ø Motivation - Exploring Complementary Transactions among employees - Engaging employees in jobs which give them positive push Ø Organization Development - Maintain OK-OK transactions - Identify Cross/Ulterior transactions and work them out to simpler ones

TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS INSTRUMENT & EXERCISE