Serving Christ in Academia Daniel J Hill Secretary

Serving Christ in Academia Daniel J. Hill Secretary, Tyndale Philosophy http: //www. tyndalephilosophy. org. uk/

The most important symbol • The most important symbol in what follows is: ? • • I make suggestions to get the ball rolling I want each to apply the Bible for him/herself Application will vary on personal circumstance But we should try to think it through together

The three parts of academic life • Teaching – Undergraduates – Postgraduates • Research • Administration – Admissions, Progression, Assessment, Careers – Committees (Departmental, Faculty, University) – Health & Safety, Library, IT, Equality & Diversity

The relevance of faith to academia • • The motive for one’s doing what one does The manner in which one does one’s job The content of what one does The choice of what to do

The motive for service Slaves, obey your earthly masters in everything; and do it, not only when their eye is on you and to win their favour, but with sincerity of heart and reverence for the Lord. Whatever you do, work at it with all your heart, as working for the Lord, not for men, since you know that you will receive an inheritance from the Lord as a reward. It is the Lord Christ you are serving. (Colossians 4: 22– 24 (NIV))

The motive for service II Slaves, obey your earthly masters with respect and fear, and with sincerity of heart, just as you would obey Christ. Obey them not only to win their favour when their eye is on you, but like slaves of Christ, doing the will of God from your heart. Serve wholeheartedly, as if you were serving the Lord, not men, because you know that the Lord will reward everyone for whatever good he does (Eph. 6: 5– 8 (NIV))

Motive for service III So whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all for the glory of God. (1 Corinthians 10: 31 (NIV)) ‘Be fruitful and multiply and fill the earth and subdue it’ (Genesis 1: 28 (ESV)) Øwould much of academic work count towards the subduing of the earth? Science probably? The arts and humanities?

Motive for service IV Teach me, my God and King, In all things thee to see, And what I do in any thing, To do it as for thee A servant with this clause Makes drudgerie divine: Who sweeps a room, as for thy laws, Makes that and th’ action fine. (George Herbert, ‘The Elixir’, The Temple (1633))

Manner (general) • How does one administrate, teach, and research in a Christian manner? • By loving one’s colleagues, students, & peers. • By remembering that one is serving Jesus. • ‘Would people know from the manner in which I do my job that I am a Christian? ’ • Many specific biblical principles apply: – E. g. ‘God loves a cheerful giver’ (2 Cor. 9: 7).

Manner (admin) One should work cheerfully and graciously Most academics moan and bitch about admin One should work competently and punctually Most academics do a slapdash job at the last minute for admin • One should be honest and reliable • Most academics regard promises concerning admin as breakable. • •

Manner (teaching) • One should take teaching seriously—take the initiative in recruiting Christian grad students • Most academics think teaching unimportant • One should mark efficiently and carefully • Most academics just glance at the scripts • One should be respectful, punctual, & reliable • Most academics don’t respect students, turn up late, and cancel class at the drop of a hat.

Manner (research) • • One should be gracious in one’s discussion Some academics rejoice in humbling others One should not devote oneself to the negative Some academics mostly write critical replies One should give praise where it is due Some academics give just the criticism One should be prepared to admit one’s errors Some academics change the discussion topic

Content (admin) • This is largely determined by one’s superiors • Some ethical decisions, e. g: – Do I work on Results–Sunday processing offers? – Interviewing: how do I make it less scary? – Honesty in references – Avoiding boasting in one’s job applications • Pastoral aspect (personal/moral tutor) – Great opportunity for the Christian to show care

Content (teaching) • Obviously, the truth, but not indoctrination • One must also think of the weaker brother (1 Cor. 8) – Not everyone is ready for every truth (Jn 16: 12; 1 Cor 3: 2) – Causing a ‘little one’ to sin is a grave matter (Matt 18: 6) • Critiquing false views fairly, not caricaturing: – ‘that parboiled old poop Stephenson’ (Corpuscles, p. 90) • How bold to be in presenting the Christian approach – When to be wise as a serpent (Matt 10: 16)? • Exposing underlying assumptions of academic fads: – Postmodernism? Darwinistic explanations of religion?

Content (research) • Obviously, the truth, but also valid arguments • Presented clearly and accessibly – Not trying to seem clever/profound by obscurity – If possible so that lay Christians can benefit • Presenting the Christian view – But, again, how bold can one be? If not tenured? • Should one try to write for Christian journals? • Wary of how what one says can be abused

Choice (admin) • Choose tasks where one’s faith might matter – Will others dangerously skimp on health & safety? – Being an external interviewer for Theology? – Giving school talks—more liberty than teachers? – Making sure prospectus doesn’t exaggerate? – Ethics committees (for experiments etc. )? – Exercising mercy/grace in cases of progression? – Ensuring equal-opportunity directives don’t compromise the faith but do protect the vulnerable?

Choice (teaching) • Papers where faith might make a clear difference? – – – – English literature and its contexts, 1500– 1700? History and theory of literary criticism? Foundations of social anthropology II: politics and religion? Advanced Social Anthropology I: Thought, belief, and ethics? Dante and the culture of his age? Martin Luther and the making of the German Reformation Religious conversion and colonialism ? Introduction to Early Sacred Music, c. 1400–c. 1600?

Choice (teaching) • Papers where faith might be in difficulties? – Paper X 2: Sexual ethics in Greco-Roman Antiquity? – Aristophanes, Lysistrata (TOPIC 2 Dramatic Women)? – Alciphron, Letters of Prostitutes (TOPIC 3 The Second Sophistic)? – Humans in an evolutionary paradigm? – Queer Theory (European Literature and Culture)? – The Cinema of Pedro Almodóvar (Screen Media)? – Marxist literary criticism (English)?

Choice (research) • Some say ‘academic freedom should have no boundaries’—I disagree: all is under God. • Intrinsically immoral research areas – Unmentionables (‘it is shameful even to mention what the disobedient do in secret’ (Eph 5: 12)) • Extrinsically immoral research areas – The time of the second coming (Matthew 24: 36) – God’s reason for electing those he does – Why God allows suffering? • By ‘research’ I mean ‘attempt to find the answer’ – Some work on the questions, or their status, may be OK.

Choice (research) • Research areas intrinsically tempting for some – History of pornography/erotica – The art of the nude? – Arguments against the faith? • Research areas extrinsically tempting for some (in field work) – – – – S. Levitt ‘An Empirical Analysis of Street-Level Prostitution’ D. Calvey (MMU) ‘Bouncers and Bouncing in Manchester’ Sudhir Venkatesh Gang Leader for a Day (Chicago) Rachela Colosi (Teeside), ‘Lap-dancing: Leisure or Sex Encounter? ’ Jacki Willson (Loughborough), The Happy Stripper R. Cassidy (Goldsmiths) ‘An anthropologist in the bookies’ M. Kohn (Sussex) Dope Girls: The Birth of the British Drug Underground B. Winder (Nott. Trent) ‘Last Orders for Alcohol Related Violence’

Choice (research) • Research areas intrinsically unhelpful for some – – The writings of Aleister Crowley? Gerd Bayer (Erlangen) Heavy Metal Music in Britain? History of torture History of coarse joking (Ephesians 5: 4 & Philippians 4: 8) • Research areas extrinsically unhelpful for some (in field work) – Work far away from a church (e. g. archaeological digs; anthropology on remote tribes) – Work that requires work on Sundays (e. g. sociology of football matches)

Choice (research) • ‘Do not think of yourself more highly than you ought’ (Romans 12: 3) – ‘I aim to succeed where Augustine, Aquinas, Luther, and Calvin all failed’. • Parable of the talents (Matthew 25) – Brian Gettelfinger, E. L. Cussler, ‘Will humans swim faster or slower in syrup? ’ American Institute of Chemical Engineers Journal 50(11): 2646– 2647? – B. Witcombe, D. Meyer, “Sword Swallowing and Its Side Effects”, BMJ 2006; 333: 1285– 1287 (23/12)?

Choice (not deserving publicity) • Why bother refuting unworthy literature? – John Allegro, The Sacred Mushroom and the Cross – Kenneth Humphreys, Jesus never existed – David Irving, Hitler’s War (2 nd edition) – Anscombe ‘if someone really thinks, in advance, that it is open to question whether such an action as procuring the judicial execution of the innocent should be quite excluded from consideration—I do not want to argue with him; he shows a corrupt mind’ ‘Modern Moral Philosophy’ Philosophy 33 (1958) www. pitt. edu/~mthompso/readings/mmp. pdf

Choice (research) • If the research is based on a false presupposition, then no guarantee that it will arrive at truth, and it won’t be knowledge. – Strong AI? • Presupposes that human intelligence is totally physical – Strong social Darwinism? • Presupposes that all aspects of human behaviour are ultimately determined by evolution – Radical postmodernist literary theory? • Presupposes no objective truth or meaning.

Choice (research) • Research areas involving immorality – Invasion (Spying) • Work Town in Bolton (Harrisson’s Mass Observation)? – Deceit • Colding-Jorgensen ‘No to Demolition of Stork Fountain’ – Pushing people beyond their limits • Stanford Prison Experiment? – Scientific Research on CBW/WMD? – Subliminal Advertising of Junk Food etc?

Choice (research) • Don’t introduce unnecessary dissension – Amillenialism, premillenialism, postmillenialism? – Supralapsarianism, infralapsarianism? • Don’t reinforce stereotypes of the ivory tower • Work on stuff that could be popularized • Stuff that could open other doors – Doors to work in schools (ethics and comp. rel. ) – Doors to work in churches (historical stuff)

Choice (research) • Don’t pick a fight unless you have to • Don’t pick a fight unless you can win – Attacking Darwinism? • Don’t engage in the futile – Disproving Gödel’s theorems • Don’t risk your job chances early on – Taking on the leading atheists in the profession • E. g. Attacking Simon Blackburn’s Lust (OUP, 2004)

Choice (research) • Don’t cause the weak to stumble (Rom 14: 13) – – – – Arguing Jesus not born on Christmas Day? Arguing that assisted suicide should be legal? Work on the church’s support of the slave trade? Work on the horrors of the inquisition? Attacking arguments for the existence of God? Attacking creationism? Lynn, Harvey, Nyborg ‘Average intelligence predicts atheism rates across 137 nations’, Intelligence 37 (2009)

Choice (research—positive) • Areas that might be beneficial, esp. to the church: – Christian literature (why did God let this work be written? ) – Christian history (why did God let this occur? Cf J. Edwards) – Literary theory that will help read the Bible • K. Vanhoozer (Wheaton), Is There a Meaning in this Text? – Christian anthropology (relation to Creation & Fall) – Historical examples of Christians doing good • Wilberforce & the abolition of the slave trade – Sociological examples of Christians doing good • M. Regnerus, C. Smith, and D. Sikkink. 1998. “Who Gives to the Poor? ” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 37(3): 481 -93. – Historical examples of Christians relevant to the present • Conscientious objection & engagement with the state

Choice (research—positive) • Work on areas that might benefit you – 3 years is a long time to work on one area – Make sure that you balance the analytic aspects with an engaged and lively church membership – Make sure that you have friends from outside academia or do street evangelism or similar – Keep up contact with others in the discipline and other Christian graduate students • And, of course, pray about what you do. .