Sermons From Science July 2013 2013 7 Sermons

Sermons From Science -- July 2013 科学布道-2013年 7月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from Dave Coppedge’s website http: //crev. info. May God have all the glory. Let us pray for Dave Coppedge’s fast recovery from cancer surgery. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

Wonders of the Spliceosome Coming to Light 剪接体的奇迹�露 n The more we learn about a vital molecular n machine in the nucleus, the spliceosome, the more complex and important it seems. The spliceosome is a large “slicer and dicer” that takes DNA transcripts (messenger RNA) and prepares them for export out of the nucleus, where they will be translated into proteins. Science Daily described what molecular biologists have learned about this amazing multi-function machine:

Wonders of the Spliceosome Coming to Light 剪接体的奇迹�露 The process of splicing is carried out by a highly n complex molecular machine termed the spliceosome. Human spliceosomes are built up from protein and RNA molecules. They contain some 170 different proteins and five RNA molecules termed “small nuclear RNAs” (sn. RNAs). It is currently believed that certain sn. RNAs represent the tools with which the spliceosome carries out the cutting and joining of RNA sections, turning the messenger RNA’s precursor (“pre‑m. RNA”) into mature messenger RNA. The proteins of the spliceosome are needed to bring these tools to the right place at the right time, and to set them into operation.

Wonders of the Spliceosome Coming to Light 剪接体的奇迹�露 Splicing processes in higher organisms are very n highly regulated. In fact, differing patterns of excision and joining of a given pre‑m. RNA molecule can lead to any one of a selection of different mature m. RNA molecules — all from the same gene. This ability to select the m. RNA product according to need is termed “alternative splicing, ” and it is thought to be the most important means by which human cells manage to produce a vast spectrum of different proteins from a relatively restricted number of protein-encoding genes.

Wonders of the Spliceosome Coming to Light 剪接体的奇迹�露 So far, we’ve seen precision tools that arrive at n precision times to do precision jobs. We’ve seen that this multi-part, complex machine, aided by multiple other proteins and small RNA molecules, is capable of turning a transcribed gene into a vast array of protein templates by means of alternative splicing. Years ago, it seemed a mystery why genes contained many apparently useless regions of code, dubbed introns, that had to be cut of the messenger RNA (see 9/03/2003). The spliceosome’s magic of alternative splicing is providing clues.

Wonders of the Spliceosome Coming to Light 剪接体的奇迹�露 The article, based on a press release from the Free n University of Berlin, used some pithy analogies to help readers understand the process. One of the tools was likened to a knife in a sheath, that safely moves to the cutting site, waits for a “start signal, ” then unsheathes itself and goes to work. The start signal is given by another machine with a “remarkable molecular architecture” that enables the knife. But that startsignal machine is held on a short leash by another machine, preventing it from giving the start signal. That machine acts like a “plug in a stopper, ” the researchers said, making sure the start signal is only given at the right time.

Wonders of the Spliceosome Coming to Light 剪接体的奇迹�露 But then, the researchers found another machine that n n works in tandem with the “plug, ” regulating the “start signal” independently. “The existence of two or more different mechanisms to regulate the same cellular process underlines the importance of the exact timing of this process for the overall process of RNA splicing, ” one of the researchers said. This information is not just academic. “In humans, errors in this control mechanism can lead to blindness. ” Could this machine have evolved by chance? The article does not mention evolution. It did say, though, that the spliceosome has some 170 different proteins. Could chance build just one protein?

Wonders of the Spliceosome Coming to Light 剪接体的奇迹�露 n We in this century are so privileged to get glimpses into the inner workings of life at its most basic level. What would Aristotle or Galen, Leeuwenhoek or Darwin, thought if they knew that machinery—cutting tools, stoppers, regulators and other moving parts—so tiny as to be invisible without highly sophisticated human machinery—were keeping us alive? Every second, every minute we are being upheld by trillions of machines like this that nobody even suspected were possible till the age of molecular biology.

Wonders of the Spliceosome Coming to Light 剪接体的奇迹�露 n Had Darwin known this, he might never have dared to write a story that blind, unguided processes could explain life. There’s an interesting novella on that theme that was recently presented on ID the Future in audio format, 5 episodes. “I, Charles Darwin” transports the bearded buddha into the 21 st century, where he learns about these wonders and responds to them. To encourage you to listen, we won’t spoil the end of the story.

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

Sermons From Science -- July 2013 科学布道-2013年 7月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from Dave Coppedge’s website http: //crev. info. May God have all the glory. Let us pray for Dave Coppedge’s fast recovery from cancer surgery. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

Two More Fossils Challenge Evolution 两个化石挑战进化 One living fossil and one dead fossil strain the n n credibility of evolutionary dates and mechanisms. Cuttlefish melanin: Phys. Org reported on intact melanin from the ink sac of a Jurassic-era cuttlefish (see also 8/20/02, 5/21/12). The spectrum of the melanin matches that from a living specimen. The article did not question why an organic substance would be expected to survive for 160 million years. It just assumed that it did, and launched into a speculation: “Because melanin survives so long, an analysis of the melanin from old cancerous tissue samples could give researchers a useful tool for predicting the spread of melanoma skin cancer in humans. ”

Two More Fossils Challenge Evolution 两个化石挑战进化 n Israeli frog: The Hula painted frog (no, it does not use a Hula-Hoop), feared extinct 60 years ago, has been rediscovered in Israel, reported the BBC News and National Geographic. Thought to be a casualty of the draining of wetlands in the Hula Valley in northern Israel, this strange-looking brown amphibian with white spots on its belly caused a stir of excitement when a frog, a kind of “idol of Israel” was found alive two years ago. Thirteen more have since been seen, leading to estimates of a couple of hundred remaining alive.

Two More Fossils Challenge Evolution 两个化石挑战进化 That’s good news, but not the only point of interest: it’s n also a “living fossil. ” According to the evolutionary timeline, members of the Latonia group of frogs didn’t learn to keep evolving. National Geographic commented, “the Hula painted frog is considered a rare example of a socalled living fossil, an organism that has retained the same form over millions of years and that has few or no living relatives. ” The BBC article said, “These frogs were once widespread throughout Europe for millions of years, but all apart from the Hula painted frog died out about 15, 000 years ago. ” That would appear to make this frog a member of “Lazarus taxa, ” groups thought extinct long ago only to be found alive and well today.

Two More Fossils Challenge Evolution 两个化石挑战进化 National Geographic erred by claiming that “Only about n a dozen other ‘living fossils’ are known, the most famous of which may be the coelacanth, an ancient fish that can trace its ancestry back to the days of the dinosaurs. ” As explained on CMI, Dr. Carl Werner has documented hundreds of them. Not only that, Dr. Werner has documented 432 mammal fossils (100 of them complete skeletons) in Cretaceous strata—almost as many species as dinosaurs. He has also found representatives of modern plants, crustaceans and insects in dinosaur rocks, as his video explains. Yet in 60 museums he visited, not a single one displayed a complete Cretaceous mammal fossil, or any modern animal or plant displayed with the dinosaurs.

Two More Fossils Challenge Evolution 两个化石挑战进化 n n We agree with what Dr. Werner said in the CMI article: For example, if a scientist believes in evolution and sees fossils that look like modern organisms at the dinosaur digs, he/she might invent an hypothesis to ‘explain’ living fossils this way: ‘Yes I believe that animals have changed greatly over time (evolution), but some animals and plants were so well adapted to the environment that they did not need to change. So I am not bothered at all by living fossils. ’ This added hypothesis says that some animals did not evolve. But if a theory can be so flexible, adding hypotheses that predict the opposite of your main theory, one could never disprove theory. The theory then becomes unsinkable, and an unsinkable theory is not science.

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

Sermons From Science -- July 2013 科学布道-2013年 7月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from Dave Coppedge’s website http: //crev. info. May God have all the glory. Let us pray for Dave Coppedge’s fast recovery from cancer surgery. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionists Have No Answers 寒武纪大爆发：进化论者没有答案 An intelligent design advocate is publishing a book this month that n n uses the Cambrian Explosion as evidence against Darwinism and for I. D. Two major evolutionary paleontologists have also published a book about the issue. Stephen Meyer’s new book, Darwin’s Doubt, is officially released next week. Chapter 4 will tell about the uproar caused at the University of Oklahoma in 2009 when Meyer and Wells scheduled a panel discussion after a showing of Illustra’s film Darwin’s Dilemma about the Cambrian fossil record. Darwinists at the university attempted a pre-emptive strike by issuing announcements that the event was religiously motivated. In the Q&A, though, the university’s professors and museum curators could not produce any unambiguous fossil as a credible ancestor to any of the Cambrian animals. Meyer’s book, updated with the latest findings since then, examines all the putative fossil ancestors and evolutionary explanations for the Cambrian explosion, and assesses the issue’s relevance to the Darwin-ID debate.

Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionists Have No Answers 寒武纪大爆发：进化论者没有答案 n Meanwhile, two leading evolutionary paleontologists have just come out with a pro-evolution book about the sudden appearance of virtually all animal phyla at the base of the Cambrian. Written by Douglas Erwin and James Valentine, experts on the Cambrian fossil record, the new work, The Cambrian Explosion The Construction of Animal Biodiversity, was reviewed by Christpher J. Lowe (Stanford) in Science Magazine this week: “What Led to Metazoa’s Big Bang? ” was his suggestive headline. His first paragraph states the problem in such a way as to furrow the brows of Darwinists and make creationists or ID advocates grin, “We told you so. ”

Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionists Have No Answers 寒武纪大爆发：进化论者没有答案 The Ediacaran and Cambrian periods witnessed a phase of n morphological innovation in animal evolution unrivaled in metazoan history, yet the proximate causes of this body plan revolution remain decidedly murky. The grand puzzle of the Cambrian explosion surely must rank as one of the most important outstanding mysteries in evolutionary biology. Evidence of early representatives of all the major animal phyla first appear abruptly in the Cambrian(starting 542 million years ago). This spectacular morphological diversity contrasts strongly with Precambrian deposits, which have yielded a sparse fossil record with small, morphologically ambiguous trace fossils or the enigmatic but elegant creatures of the Ediacaran fauna. Following the Cambrian, despite a rich fossil record that documents impressive morphological diversification among animals, no new body plans have been revealed, leaving the Cambrian as the apparent crucible of metazoan body plan innovation.

Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionists Have No Answers 寒武纪大爆发：进化论者没有答案 Lowe agrees, then, that it was an explosion, that all the animaly n n phyla appear abruptly, and that the few Precambrian fossils (including the “enigmatic” Ediacarans) are not ancestral to the Cambrian animals. So what, then, is the evolutionists’ response to this “outstanding mystery” that Darwin wrote about 154 years ago? Lowe is not helpful to the Darwin side: “The range of hypotheses proposed to explain the Cambrian explosion is as diverse and broad as the fossils they seek to explain. ” He gives some sample explanations from Erwin and Valentine’s book. The authors gave a “heroic attempt” to synthesize hypotheses from the “disparate fields” of geology, ecology, developmental biology, and genomics, each of which has “made substantial contributions toward unraveling the causes of this key puzzle of animal evolution. ” But a contribution toward unraveling is not the same thing as actually unraveling.

Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionists Have No Answers 寒武纪大爆发：进化论者没有答案 n It shouldn’t matter that Erwin and Valentine decorated their book with nice illustrations. It shouldn’t matter how good they are at making their prose accessible to non-specialists. It also shouldn’t matter that they could state “how recent modifications to animal phylogeny have strongly revised our understanding of early animal diversification. ” What is the explanation for the virtually instantaneous arrival (in evolutionary geological terms) of some 40 animal body plans, in a period of time Jonathan Wells has described in Illustra’s films as one minute on a 24 -hour clock, or one step on a football field?

Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionists Have No Answers 寒武纪大爆发：进化论者没有答案 After filtering out Lowe’s words of hope, not much remains of factual n n evidence in his tentative solutions: The authors also review molecular biology’s substantial contributions to solving the grand puzzle of the Cambrian explosion, which have at times been at odds with interpretations derived from fossil data. Comparative developmental genetic studies and genome sequencing projects from diverse metazoan phyla have revealed some of the genetic innovations that were likely responsible, in part, for the increase in animal complexity. These new data may help us reconstruct ancestral morphological features of the mysterious stem lineages of the Ediacaran, by reconstructing ancestral gene complements and by inferring gene regulatory networks that have key roles in setting up the body plans of extant animals. However, our understanding of how to relate genomic and developmental regulatory complexity to organizational and morphological complexity remains in its infancy.

Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionists Have No Answers 寒武纪大爆发：进化论者没有答案 n This paragraph consists of little more than promissory notes that the infant will grow up, despite 154 years of trying. Identifying “genetic innovations” that were “likely responsible, in part” says nothing about specific mutations that could have been selected. And examining gene regulatory networks from “extant animals” can only be of minimal help interpreting extinct animals that left no DNA to study. “It’s just too complex, ” Lowe seems to be saying.

Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionists Have No Answers 寒武纪大爆发：进化论者没有答案 n It seems that Erwin and Valentine’s solution is all n futureware. Multidisciplinary approaches will be needed, they say. Proposing multiple causes will be needed, they say. More understanding of the environment, genetics and ecology will be important, they say, to explain this “great evolutionary puzzle”. Somehow, these factors provided “Ecological opportunities for novel morphological innovations” that (as evolutionists) they believe drove the diversification. In other words, if the environment builds it, the body plans will come. Lowe’s last sentences appear to reveal that Erwin and Valentine have not explained the Cambrian Explosion at all:

Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionists Have No Answers 寒武纪大爆发：进化论者没有答案 Erwin and Valentine illuminate clear links between seemingly n n n disparate disciplines, and they make a compelling case that substantial progress toward understanding the origins of animal diversity will not be achieved through adding isolated gains in individual fields. It is futile to hope to explain such a major evolutionary event without embracing an interdisciplinary approach. This implies that there has not been substantial progress toward understanding the Cambrian Explosion. The book appears to be a call for all good evolutionists to come to the aid of their theory. Nothing has changed in the 7 years since Charles Marshall, the Master of Disaster, took on the challenge (4/23/06, see also 9/04/09, 8/05/10). His answer was circular; the animals “evolved because they evolved. ” Something gave these animals the “opportunity” to evolve, so they took advantage of it. What kind of answer is that? Why do we pay any attention to these charlatans?

Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionists Have No Answers 寒武纪大爆发：进化论者没有答案 n If there was ever a key evidential falsification of evolution, this is it. Too bad for evolutionists it’s not the only one. There’s also the origin of intelligence and morality, the origin of consciousness, the origin of species, the origin of life, the origin of earth, the origin of cosmic structure, the origin of the universe, and the origin of anything from nothing. Every one of these is a show-stopper for Darwinism, and as we like to repeat, it only takes one show-stopper to stop a show. But who wants to watch a show with a master of ceremonies who comes out, shrugs his shoulders, and says, “Stuff Happens”? Put your money on the show with the necessary and sufficient cause for the amazing biosphere we observe: intelligent design.

Cambrian Explosion: Evolutionists Have No Answers 寒武纪大爆发：进化论者没有答案 There are old-earth ID advocates and old-earth creationists who n n can agree on that much—that the Cambrian Explosion falsifies Darwinism. Thinking long and hard enough about the consequences of that falsification, though, may lead to other questions, like, “Why are we trusting in the dating methods of these charlatans? What else did they get wrong” It’s at least a start of more and more honest debate. Exercise: To illustrate the folly of Marshall’s explanation for the Cambrian Explosion, take something observable in everyday life and come up with a silly, obviously-illogical explanation for it. Then, dress it up in the most erudite, learned language you can, and see if you can fool somebody. Example hypothesis: An opportunity for knives, forks and spoons to appear in your kitchen drawer arose, so they emerged out of the surrounding material.

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

Sermons From Science -- July 2013 科学布道-2013年 7月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from Dave Coppedge’s website http: //crev. info. May God have all the glory. Let us pray for Dave Coppedge’s fast recovery from cancer surgery. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

Extrasolar Planets: Bigger and More Mortal 太阳系外行星：更大，更致命 n Many of the stars and planets found by the Kepler n n spacecraft are not earthlike. Also, astronomers have seen planets destroyed by their stars. Earthlike Planet Pool Shrinks NASA’s Astrobiology Magazine reported that follow-up measurements of Kepler’s candidate earthlike planets show most of them are larger than thought; a quarter of them are 35% larger or more. “By implication, these new results reduce the number of candidate Earth-size planet analogues detected by Kepler, ” one researcher said. Source: National Optical Astronomy Observatory News. Historical note: Johannes Kepler, a creationist, speculated on the habitability of other worlds.

Extrasolar Planets: Bigger and More Mortal 太阳系外行星：更大，更致命 n The announcement came just days after Phys. Org asked “How common are earths around small stars? ” Someone has found a way for earth-size planets to exist around red dwarfs (the most numerous category of stars), where tidal locking and flares were thought to rule out living conditions. The brief article did not explain how those dangerous conditions could be overcome.

Extrasolar Planets: Bigger and More Mortal 太阳系外行星：更大，更致命 Special Creation n n Phys. Org reported the discovery of a “dust trap” around a star that could allow a planet to accrete without migrating into the star. If they could get the material to stick, this is the only way astronomers can account for rocky planets forming: Computer models suggest that dust grains grow when they collide and stick together. However, when these bigger grains collide again at high speed they are often smashed to pieces and sent back to square one. Even when this does not happen, the models show that the larger grains would quickly move inwards because of friction between the dust and gas and fall onto their parent star, leaving no chance that they could grow even further. Somehow the dust needs a safe haven where the particles can continue growing until they are big enough to survive on their own. Such “dust traps” have been proposed, but there was no observational proof of their existence up to now.

Extrasolar Planets: Bigger and More Mortal 太阳系外行星：更大，更致命 The article did not discuss the sticking problem: dust grains do not stick together; they, too, are “often smashed to pieces” (see 2/03/04, 5/21/09). Having a safe haven does not imply that anything good is likely to happen there. n A paper in Nature claims that a new model keeps Mercury dry and Earth wet when they accrete from dust – that is, if plenty of tweaks are not overlooked: n

Extrasolar Planets: Bigger and More Mortal The authors’ model underscores the importance of the 太阳系外行星：更大，更致命 n earliest accretion and solidification steps in determining the future evolution of the rocky planets. However, several crucial caveats need to be considered in applying this model. First, in extrapolating back in time, the faint young star’s radiation level needs to be considered. Second, initial atmospheres might not all be water-rich; the rocky building blocks for some planets might have produced atmospheres rich in methane and hydrogen, instead of steam. In the absence of a steam atmosphere, there would be no outgoing radiation limit to slow solidification and cooling. Third, forming an initial atmosphere above a magma ocean is not a simple process. The removal of volatile gases from magma might require a significant degree of supersaturation and might not occur until late in solidification. If this is so, then solidification would proceed to a high degree before a steam atmosphere formed and occluded heat flux.

Extrasolar Planets: Bigger and More Mortal 太阳系外行星：更大，更致命 n Planets Aren’t Forever n n Old stars devour their progeny, New Scientist reported. “A survey of ageing stars offers some of the first direct evidence that these cantankerous elders often rip their nearest planets to shreds. ” A JPL press release said that stars don’t obliterate their planets—at least, that is, very often. It appears “often” is in the eye of the beholder. Scientific pronouncements are only tentative. Often further observations call them into question. Then later, more observations seem to confirm the earlier idea. At any given time, the probability that scientists are wrong about what they confidently assert is nontrivial.

Extrasolar Planets: Bigger and More Mortal 太阳系外行星：更大，更致命 n n If a model works, it does not follow that nature operates according to the model. Models are simplifications of complex processes that are useful for exploring possibilities. Who knows what omitted factors, no matter how inconsequential they might seem to the investigator, are crucial for the conclusions? The less models can be tested against observations, the more they become computer games for the entertainment of humans, not for explaining reality.

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

Sermons From Science -- July 2013 科学布道-2013年 7月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from Dave Coppedge’s website http: //crev. info. May God have all the glory. Let us pray for Dave Coppedge’s fast recovery from cancer surgery. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

Molecular Motors Put a Spring in Your Step 分子马达将一个弹簧放在您的脚步 n When you feel in spring in your step, thank tiny n molecular motors in your muscles and tissues that make it possible. A paper in Science by researchers primarily from University of Washington, Seattle, proposed the novel idea that the molecular motors in muscle cells store elastic energy. Observing flight muscles in moths, they deduced that the springiness of these motors provides an additional boost to the power generate by muscles:

Molecular Motors Put a Spring in Your Step 分子马达将一个弹簧放在您的脚步 n Muscles not only generate force. They may act as n springs, providing energy storage to drive locomotion. Although extensible myofilaments are implicated as sites of energy storage, we show that intramuscular temperature gradients may enable molecular motors (cross-bridges) to store elastic strain energy. … These results suggest that cross-bridges can perform functions other than contraction, acting as molecular links for elastic energy storage. Researchers from Europe, publishing in PNAS, found that collagen and fibrin exhibit non-linear strain response upon loading. This is another factor that provides resilience in movement.

Molecular Motors Put a Spring in Your Step 分子马达将一个弹簧放在您的脚步 “We show that the nonlinear mechanical response of networks n formed from un–cross-linked fibrin or collagen type 1 continually changes in response to repeated large-strain loading. We demonstrate that this dynamic evolution of the mechanical response arises from a shift of a characteristic nonlinear stress–strain relationship to higher strains. Therefore, the imposed loading does not weaken the underlying matrices but instead delays the occurrence of the strain stiffening. Using confocal microscopy, we present direct evidence that this behavior results from persistent lengthening of individual fibers caused by an interplay between fiber stretching and fiber buckling when the networks are repeatedly strained. … Thus, a fibrous architecture in combination with constituents that exhibit internal plasticity creates a material whose mechanical response adapts to external loading conditions. ”

Molecular Motors Put a Spring in Your Step 分子马达将一个弹簧放在您的脚步 This behavior is so interesting, they pass the news on to biomimetics engineers: “This design principle may be useful to engineer novel materials with this capability. ” n Once again, the CEH Law is confirmed: Darwin-talk is inversely proportional to the amount of detail discussed about biological systems. n

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

Sermons From Science -- July 2013 科学布道-2013年 7月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from Dave Coppedge’s website http: //crev. info. May God have all the glory. Let us pray for Dave Coppedge’s fast recovery from cancer surgery. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

Quantum Secret of Photosynthesis Revealed 光合作用的量子秘密揭� The magic of light capture by plants is so small and fast, its secrets are only now being understood. n Lightning is slow compared to photosynthesis. A press release from the Institute of Photonic Sciences (ICFO) explains how “antenna proteins” capture photons of sunlight and ferry the energy to reaction centers: n

Quantum Secret of Photosynthesis Revealed 光合作用的量子秘密揭� The efficient conversion of sunlight into useful energy is n one of the challenges which stand in the way of meeting the world’s increasing energy demand in a clean, sustainable way without relying on fossil fuels. Photosynthetic organisms, such as plants and some bacteria, have mastered this process: In less than a couple of trillionths of a second, 95 percent of the sunlight they absorb is whisked away to drive the metabolic reactions that provide them with energy. The efficiency of photovoltaic cells currently on the market is around 20 percent. What hidden mechanism does nature use to transfer energy so efficiently? Various research groups around the world have shown that this highly efficient energy transport is connected to a quantum-mechanical phenomenon. However, until now, no one had directly observed the possible impacts of such a quantum transport mechanism at work at room temperature.

Quantum Secret of Photosynthesis Revealed 光合作用的量子秘密揭� n n The quantum mechanical phenomenon is known as coherence. The way plants use it makes photosynthesis “more robust in the face of environmental influences, ” the press release said. Quantum coherence is manifested in socalled photosynthetic antenna proteins that are responsible for absorption of sunlight and energy transport towards the photochemical reaction centers where the energy is stored.

Quantum Secret of Photosynthesis Revealed 光合作用的量子秘密揭� n n ICFO researchers used light flashes at femtosecond speeds (10– 15 s, one quadrillionth of a second) to monitor the actions of these proteins in their work. The most surprising discovery was that, while the transport paths within single proteins vary over time due to changes in the environmental conditions, the protein uses the quantum character to adapt for optimal efficiency. These results show that coherence, a genuine quantum effect of superposition of states, is responsible for maintaining high levels of transport efficiency in biological systems, even while they adapt their energy transport pathways due to environmental influences.

Quantum Secret of Photosynthesis Revealed 光合作用的量子秘密揭� n The press release includes a diagram of one of the n antenna proteins, with the caption “natural quantum machines. ” Photosynthesis operates not only in the leaves of plants, but also in algae and some bacteria. How did “nature” master quantum coherence for optimal efficiency of light capture? How did plants develop “quantum machines” to achieve 475% better efficiency than man’s best intelligent design of photocells? When materialistic man cannot explain the exquisite design of natural processes by its blind, unguided processes, he worships “nature” as his substitute god.

Sermons From Science -- July 2013 科学布道-2013年 7月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from Dave Coppedge’s website http: //crev. info. May God have all the glory. Let us pray for Dave Coppedge’s fast recovery from cancer surgery. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

Plants Do Arithmetic 植物做算� For keeping track of their food stores for the next day, plants n n n perform “sophisticated” arithmetical division. The BBC News reported a discovery by UK scientists that “astonished” them: “Plants have a built-in capacity to do maths, which helps them regulate food reserves at night, research suggests. ” They were “amazed” at this, the article said. Researchers were “amazed” to find out that plants perform arithmetic with chemicals: Overnight, when the plant cannot use energy from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide into sugars and starch, it must regulate its starch reserves to ensure they last until dawn. Experiments by scientists at the John Innes Centre, Norwich, show that to adjust its starch consumption so precisely, the plant must be performing a mathematical calculation — arithmetic division.

Plants Do Arithmetic 植物做算� n n n The inputs to the division are the measures of starch (S) and the biological clock that keeps time (T). If the S molecules stimulate starch breakdown, while the T molecules prevent this from happening, then the rate of starch consumption is set by the ratio of S molecules to T molecules. In other words, S divided by T. “This is the first concrete example in biology of such a sophisticated arithmetic calculation, ” said mathematical modeller Prof Martin Howard, of the John Innes Centre.

Plants Do Arithmetic 植物做算� n n This may be a widespread phenomenon in the living world. Birds, for instance, might use arithmetic to calculate their food stores for long-distance migrations, or for storing energy when deprived of food while incubating eggs. Another researcher say this as evidence for design: Commenting on the research, Dr Richard Buggs of Queen Mary, University of London, said: “This is not evidence for plant intelligence. It simply suggests that plants have a mechanism designed to automatically regulate how fast they burn carbohydrates at night. Plants don’t do maths voluntarily and with a purpose in mind like we do. The article did not mention evolution.

Plants Do Arithmetic 植物做算� n n The comment by Richard Buggs is telling. For one, it distinguishes humans from plants, by pointing out how we act with purpose and intention (intelligent design). Second, it points out that plants have design programmed into them to perform the arithmetic. The implication is that they were programmed much the same way robots are programmed with software. Plants don’t have to “be” intelligent designers with minds to perform arithmetic on purpose. They just have to show the marks of design imputed into them. If the robot is evidence of intelligent design, so is the plant. Darwinism would add nothing to this science project but a tall tale. Brits should follow American practice of dropping the “s” from maths to math. Not only is it more grammatical, it’s easier to pronounce.

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

Sermons From Science -- July 2013 科学布道-2013年 7月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from Dave Coppedge’s website http: //crev. info. May God have all the glory. Let us pray for Dave Coppedge’s fast recovery from cancer surgery. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

Living Design Inspires Design 活的��启��� Engineers continue to look to the living world for n n solutions to practical problems. One of them is as close as your skin. Artificial photosynthesis: As reported here 6/22/13, plants achieve 95% efficiency of light capture compared to man’s 20%. Phys. Org reported how scientists at Caltech and Berkeley labs are making slow progress toward “An artificial version of photosynthesis … one of the most promising of solar technologies. ” One comment in the press release sounds like old-earth creationism: “For more than two billion years, nature has employed photosynthesis to oxidize water into molecular oxygen. ”

Living Design Inspires Design 活的��启��� n n n Artificial cricket hairs: A sensitive flow sensor modeled on cricket hairs was announced by Science Daily: These tiny hairs, which are manufactured using microtechnology techniques, are neatly arranged in rows and mimic the extremely sensitive body hairs that crickets use to detect predators. When a hair moves, the electrical capacitance at its base changes, making the movement measurable. If there is an entire array of hairs, then this effect can be used to measure flow patterns. In the same way, changes in air flow tell crickets that they are about to be attacked. That’s why crickets are usually able to jump before you swat them.

Living Design Inspires Design 活的��启��� n n Artificial butterfly wings: An old biomimetics story is back, the prospect of improving anti-counterfeiting technology through the use of photonic crystals like those found on butterfly wing scales. Live Science reported that a Canadian company named Nanotech Security Corporation has imitated the iridescent wings of the Morpho butterfly to create a pattern that could be placed on paper currency that would be impossible to counterfeit. The phenomenon Nanotech employs is similar to the way some animals, including male peacocks, produce iridescent colors: instead of using proteins and other chemicals to produce a hue, the creature’s feathers or scales play with light, using very tiny holes that reflect different colors or wavelengths. The Morpho does this with complicated scales on its wing that produce shimmering blues and greens.

Living Design Inspires Design 活的��启��� n n The company’s product could be embossed on nearly any surface, making it possible to watermark products like plastics, metals, solar cells, fabrics, paper, and even pills. Since no dies or paints are required, even images can be embossed on surfaces without affecting their composition. The work is another example of what scientists call biomimicry, which adapts nature’s solutions for innovative human devices, in this instance, nano-optics, a burgeoning new technology.

Living Design Inspires Design 活的��启��� n n Artificial skin: Who would want to imitate an ugly scab? Medical engineers, that’s who: “Human scabs have become the model for development of an advanced wound dressing material that shows promise for speeding the healing process, ” reported Phys. Org. How would they do it? They describe how research on the surface structure of natural scabs served as inspiration for developing a “cytophilic” wound dressing material. It attracts new cells needed for healing. The material mimics the underside of scabs, where tiny fibers are arranged in the same direction like velvet or a cat’s fur. Wang’s team spun fibers of polyurethane—the common durable and flexible plastic—into the same pattern. In laboratory experiments, the human cells involved in healing quickly attached to the membrane and lined up like those in actual scabs. ”

Living Design Inspires Design 活的��启��� n n The abstract of the paper in ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces states, “This scab-inspired cytophilic membrane is promising in applications as functional interfacial biomaterials for rapid wound healing, bone repair, and construction of neural networks. ” Have you ever observed the underside of a scab? Be thankful for small wonders like these. Scabs may look gross and ugly for awhile, but they are designed to heal. Underneath, precision operations are taking place to heal the wound and build new skin to make it like new. If every scratch and wound we got from childhood onward left permanent scars on our skin, we would be an awful sight by now. Fortunately, most small wounds are healed so completely we completely forget about the momentary afflictions.

Living Design Inspires Design 活的��启��� n No wonder scientists are imitating living technology. These are but a few of dozens of ongoing projects that began with inspiration for the intelligent design in nature. Even though one of the articles assumed billions of years, none of them had any use for evolution. Intelligent design is guiding science into the information age.

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

Sermons From Science -- July 2013 科学布道-2013年 7月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from Dave Coppedge’s website http: //crev. info. May God have all the glory. Let us pray for Dave Coppedge’s fast recovery from cancer surgery. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

Brain Cells Have a Twist-Open Gate ��胞有一个扭打开� The structure of an important potassium-ion gate in the n n membrane of brain cells has been found to open like a camera iris. In Nature, Eitan Reuveny described a paper in the same issue by Whorton and Mac. Kinnon that reveals how an important molecular gate named GIRK 2 works in the membranes of brain cells. These gates control the passage of potassium ions (K+) to the outside of the cell, a process that changes the electrical charge between inside and outside, allowing conduction of electrical signals. His description, “Ion channel twists to open, ” compares the twisting motion of the components to a camera iris: “The conformational changes that open the inner helical gate are comparable to the widening of a lens aperture by hand-rotating the aperture ring. ”

Brain Cells Have a Twist-Open Gate ��胞有一个扭打开� But whose hands rotate the ring? The cylindrical n n channel that allows passage of K+ ions is surrounded by four complex proteins that lock into the cell membrane. Activation of these “hands” by G-protein coupled receptors makes them turn the channel, opening it just a bit wider, but not enough, to allow the ions through. From there, random perturbations may permit the ions to “burst” through the narrow opening as observed in living cells. The channel also contains a “selectivity filter” to ensure only K+ ions can make it through. Reuveny began by explaining the importance of these channels:

Brain Cells Have a Twist-Open Gate ��胞有一个扭打开� n Ion channels are the main units responsible for the electrical activity in our body. They constitute a large family of some 400 proteins in humans. A subfamily of these proteins consists of four GIRK channels, which specialize in converting chemical signals — mostly those of neurotransmitter molecules such as acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin and adrenaline — into electrical ones in heart cells and neurons. They are therefore essential for controlling heart rate and the activity of neural circuits.

Brain Cells Have a Twist-Open Gate ��胞有一个扭打开� n Roderick Mac. Kinnon received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2003 for his work on ion channels (see “Wonders of the Salt Gate” 1/17/02, also 3/12/02, 5/29/02, 5/01/03). This paper contributes to the “long-awaited crystal structure of the mammalian GIRK 2 channel in complex with two subunits of a G protein (a dimer of the Gβ and Gγ subunits), providing information about their mechanism of opening, ” Reuveny said. Ion channels such as GIRK 2 literally “pump” ions against the direction of osmosis in order to set up the voltage necessary for electrical transmission.

Brain Cells Have a Twist-Open Gate ��胞有一个扭打开� It’s nice to see Mac. Kinnon still at work uncovering the n n secrets of these cellular gates a decade after receiving his Nobel. In the past 10 years, has he seen the light of the Darwinists? Has he found evolution essential to explain how these exquisite molecular gates work? Nope. Neither Mac. Kinnon or Reuveny even mentioned it. Thinking about the action of these gates in slowmotion is amazing enough. Realize, though, that they act lightning-fast, allowing your heart rate to adjust and allowing chemicals and ions to speed through the brain at the speed of thought. Just like in 2002, this is phenomenal evidence for intelligent design.

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

Sermons From Science -- July 2013 科学布道-2013年 7月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from Dave Coppedge’s website http: //crev. info. May God have all the glory. Let us pray for Dave Coppedge’s fast recovery from cancer surgery. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

Are These Horse Genes Really 700, 000 Years Old? �些�的基因真的 是 7十万岁吗？ n News sites are celebrating a “spectacular” new record for n fossil DNA, claiming horse genes found in permafrost are 700, 000 years old, placing the common ancestor two million years earlier than thought. All the major science news sites – whether Science Now, Nature News, New Scientist, Science Daily, Live Science, the BBC News, and National Geographic – repeated the same narrative essentially unquestioned, never doubting the ages or the evolutionary spin. The narrative is basically that this DNA from a horse hoof is six to ten times older than the previous record, suggesting that even older DNA might be found and sequenced. Comparisons of the fossil DNA with those of other horses, the narrative goes, places the common ancestor twice as far back as previously thought, some 4 million years ago.

Are These Horse Genes Really 700, 000 Years Old? �些�的基因真的 是 7十万岁吗？ n n Nature News put it this way: The humble horse has provided the oldest full genome sequence of any species — from a specimen more than half a million years old, found frozen in the permafrost of the Canadian Arctic. The finding, published in Nature today, pushes back the known origins of the equine lineage by about 2 million years, and yields a variety of evolutionary insights.

Are These Horse Genes Really 700, 000 Years Old? �些�的基因真的 是 7十万岁吗？ n The articles don’t hide the surprise that DNA could last this long. Science Now quoted a paleontologist remarking, “It was not that long ago that people in the field of ancient DNA would have said you can’t retrieve data from something this old, but here we have a whole genome. ” Another said, “It’s well beyond the time period where I thought we had any prospect of getting a genome. ” New Scientist mentioned that the DNA was found alongside pockets of collagen, a protein that “degrades easily”.

Are These Horse Genes Really 700, 000 Years Old? �些�的基因真的 是 7十万岁吗？ n Studies on the half-life of DNA suggest that even under ideal circumstances, DNA sequences older than 1. 5 million years will be too short to be readable. So it’s highly unlikely that DNA will be recovered from dinosaurs, since they disappeared 65 million years ago, except for the lineage leading to modern birds.

Are These Horse Genes Really 700, 000 Years Old? �些�的基因真的 是 7十万岁吗？ n Did National Geographic hedge its because of the n soft-tissue findings in some dinosaur bones? The claim that horses have evolved over the alleged 700, 000 years seems illogical, given that it may “theoretically be possible to resurrect the ancient horse by implanting a modern horse egg with the ancient DNA, ” as Nature News stated. Has there been no speciation in all that time? Some of the articles waffled on how similar the fossil horse would have been to living horses, but one spokesman said he believed it was probably a one-toed horse. Live Science punned, “That means that horses and their ancestors are evolving more slowly than expected — it’s more of an evolutionary trot than a canter. ”

Are These Horse Genes Really 700, 000 Years Old? �些�的基因真的 是 7十万岁吗？ n Science Daily quoted one of the team members noting that n some assembly was required: “This was methodologically challenging but clearly some parameters worked better than others, says Professor Eske Willerslev. But sequencing was just half the way really. ” Professor Willerslev continues: “Because 700, 000 years of evolution and damage, it is not something that does come without any modification to the DNA sequence itself. We had to improve our ability to identify modified and divergent ancient horse sequences by aligning them to the genome of present day horses. Quite a computational challenge, especially when the level of DNA modification outcompasses that seen in any other Arctic horses from the Late Pleistocene. ”

Are These Horse Genes Really 700, 000 Years Old? �些�的基因真的 是 7十万岁吗？ n Dr. Orlando explains: “Levels of base modifications were extremely high, for some regions even so high that every single cytosine was actually damaged. This, and the phylogenetic position of the ancient horse outside the diversity of any horse ever sequenced, provided clear evidence that the data was real. ”

Are These Horse Genes Really 700, 000 Years Old? �些�的基因真的 是 7十万岁吗？ n The DNA was unquestionably real, but the fit to an evolutionary story required interpretation. National Geographic noted that “sequenced 12 billion DNA molecules, of which 40 million [were of] horse origin. ” What else was in the mix? “There was a bit of horse DNA in an ocean of microbial DNA. ” Most of the DNA was in the form of fragments of 25 base pairs or less, that had to be aligned with genomes of modern horses.

Are These Horse Genes Really 700, 000 Years Old? �些�的基因真的 是 7十万岁吗？ n Dating depended on molecular clock hypotheses (i. e. , estimates of how quickly the genome evolved) and some geological dating of ash layers in the permafrost. Molecular dating depends on estimates of “divergence events” in evolutionary theory. From assumed dates of divergence, they inferred a mutation rate for horses. This approach, however, is heavily theory-laden, and requires arbitrary tweaking to make things work out, as this quote from the authors’ Supplementary Information file illustrates:

Are These Horse Genes Really 700, 000 Years Old? �些�的基因真的 是 7十万岁吗？ n Using relative rate tests, we found that the genome-wide mutation rate is slightly faster in humans than horses (Supplementary Information, section 8. 4). The average value of 10– 9 substitutions per year per site [Nachmann and Crowell 2000], long considered as a reliable estimate of the human genome-wide mutation rate, has recently been challenged. Lower values about half this mutation rate have been proposed [Conrad et al. 2011; Kong et al. 2012; Campbell and Eichler 2013], with possible important implications for reconstructing the evolutionary dynamics of the human populations [Scally and Durbin 2012]. In particular, with genome-wide mutation rates lower-thanexpected, most major evolutionary events in human evolution would have occurred earlier than previously thought.

Are These Horse Genes Really 700, 000 Years Old? �些�的基因真的 是 7十万岁吗？ n n However, recent clock calibrations of the mitochondrial genome mutation rate have rejected older time scales for human evolution, challenging calibrations based on lower mutation rates [Fu et al. 2013]. Given the present absence of consensus regarding the actual value of the human nuclear mutation rate, we considered a value of 10– 9 substitutions per year per site [Nachmann and Crowell 2000] as a maximal estimate for the horse mutation rate. An interesting side finding was that Przelwalski’s horse, a wild horse population in Asia, appears not to have mixed with other horse populations.

Are These Horse Genes Really 700, 000 Years Old? �些�的基因真的 是 7十万岁吗？ n The authors scoured their reconstructed genome for signs of natural selection, since they considered Equus “a group representing textbook examples of evolutionary processes”. Although candidate regions of “positive selection” between the old horse and the new were sought, only some modifications to existing genes, like immunity and olfaction, were found. The original paper in Nature said, “We caution that local variations in mutation and recombination rates, as well as misalignments, may result in similar signatures at neutrally evolving regions. ” In other words, their candidates for positive selection could be due to genetic drift. Nothing indicating novel function or innovation was reported.

Are These Horse Genes Really 700, 000 Years Old? �些�的基因真的 是 7十万岁吗？ n Despite criticisms of the horse series by evolutionists themselves n (3/02/01, 3/18/05, 6/30/05, Willerslev called the fossil sequence “a classical example in evolutionary biology and a topic which is taught in high schools and universities. ” Darwin skeptics should be incensed at the leaps of faith taken by the researchers and their dupes in the media. Why is nobody but CEH challenging the ideological, procedural and illogical red flags in this story? For all we know, this horse perished in the Ice Age after the Flood just a few thousand years ago. Who can dispute that? Look at the ample fudging and gymnastics the authors went through to turn this story into an offering to Father Charlie. Understand that their narrative does not emerge from the observational facts. Data are mere props to their pre-determined plot: to make horses look like products of a long line of evolutionary descent with modification requiring millions of years. For crying out loud, they could reconstruct this stallion’s pony in a living mare! Where is the evolution?

Are These Horse Genes Really 700, 000 Years Old? �些�的基因真的 是 7十万岁吗？ n The implications of this find should disturb evolutionists. DNA decays – probably much faster than the upper limits they put on it. Many aspects of this story were surprises to evolutionists: the survival of ancient DNA, the earlier common ancestor (which remains to be discovered), the modernity of the old horse, the interfertility of all horses, the lack of evidence for “positive natural selection” in over 700, 000 years. Yet after decades of criticism of the iconic horse evolution series, they still call it a “classical example in evolutionary biology” and a “textbook example of evolutionary processes”. A classical example this lame could never walk out of the starting gate in the Darwin Derby, let alone trot.

Are These Horse Genes Really 700, 000 Years Old? �些�的基因真的 是 7十万岁吗？ n An old Sioux proverb states, “The best strategy when riding a dead horse is to dismount. ” As evolutionists continue to beat this dead horse with alacrity, sensible people should pity them, asking, “When will they ever learn? ” Live Science tried to be funny: “Researchers are chomping at the bit to further understand how domestication has shaped horses, and what their genetic history can tell us about how climate change has affected their evolution, ” the article ended. Bits are not very nutritious. The rest of us will chomp at the smorgasbord, thank you.

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

Sermons From Science -- July 2013 科学布道-2013年 7月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from Dave Coppedge’s website http: //crev. info. May God have all the glory. Let us pray for Dave Coppedge’s fast recovery from cancer surgery. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

Big Flood on Mars; Why Not on Earth? 火星上的大洪水，�什么不在地球上？ n More evidence has been presented for a n “voluminous” flood on Mars, where there is no water today. So why is a comparable flood disfavored for Earth, where water covers 70% of the surface? In “Fill and spill of giant lakes in the eastern Valles Marineris region of Mars” published in Geology this month, scientists from London and Berlin propose that a megaflood caused by dam breaches of deep lakes scoured out a vast area of the equatorial canyon called Valles Marineris, draining into the northern polar regions:

Big Flood on Mars; Why Not on Earth? 火星上的大洪水，�什么不在地球上？ The existence of Hesperian age (3. 7– 3. 4 Ga) surface water bodies on n Mars is a contentious issue, often conflicting with favored climate models. Extensive lakes are proposed to have filled parts of Valles Marineris during this period, yet evidence for their presence and temporal continuity is poorly constrained. Here we report geomorphic and chronologic evidence for the initiation and demise of a voluminous lake system within the basins of eastern Valles Marineris. We find that independent, kilometer-deep lakes were present here well after the wetter, global climate optimum that characterized the previous Noachian epoch (4. 1– 3. 7 Ga). … The topography data demonstrate that incision of the bedrock barriers between the basins during spillover was driven by a dramatic local base-level difference between the lake surface and downstream basin floors. We postulate that the lake spillover process created an integrated drainage routing system between a voluminous equatorial water supply and the northern plains basin.

Big Flood on Mars; Why Not on Earth? 火星上的大洪水，�什么不在地球上？ In other words, these scientists believe that megafloods from n n n large, deep, voluminous lakes occurred during a less-wet period following the “Noachian” period during which Mars scientists think water was even more abundant. A press release from the European Space Agency shows an image from their Mars Express spacecraft suggesting a megaflood created channels measuring 1. 55 million kilometers. By contrast, Earth’s Grand Canyon covers less than 5, 000 square kilometers. The scientists believe that snow and ice, melted by volcanic eruptions, caused the flood. Now silent, one can only imagine from examples on Earth the roar of gushing water that once cascaded through Kasei Valles, undermining cliff faces and engulfing craters, and eventually flooding onto the plains of Chryse Planitia.

Big Flood on Mars; Why Not on Earth? 火星上的大洪水，�什么不在地球上？ The outflow channel extends 3, 000 km, the article states. By n n contrast, the Grand Canyon is 433 km long. So what’s the problem with global catastophism on Earth? Dam breach theories are popular with young-earth creationists. They find evidence for massive lakes above Grand Canyon that would have contained more water than the Great Lakes combined, likely contained as inland seas after Noah’s flood. A dam breach at Echo Cliffs, and another at the Little Colorado, could have led to the rapid formation of this world-famous scar on Earth that is far smaller than the channels claimed on Mars. Creationists propose this with multiple independent sources of evidence, including shorelines of the upper lakes, dam breach notches, evidence of vast sheet erosion and rapid downcutting, and more; yet their theories are despised by the secular geological establishment moyboys* who cannot bring themselves to imagine catastrophes of that scale at home. Bring it up, and “one can only imagine… the roar”.

Big Flood on Mars; Why Not on Earth? 火星上的大洪水，�什么不在地球上？ The irony is that they can look at dry Mars and imagine n n catastrophes orders of magnitude larger! No problem. They can even imagine huge lakes approaching ocean depth, and dam breach events there the likes of which they cannot imagine on Earth. But propose a “Noachian” epoch (lasting one year) on Earth, and they say, Bosh, that’s religious myth. As usual, creationists present scientific arguments, and the secular evolutionists respond with religious arguments. Learn to brush away epithets and follow the evidence where it leads. Ask yourself if it is plausible to propose that “giant” and “extensive” deep lakes on Mars sat there undisturbed for millions of years, only to breach their dams and create gigantic canyon systems in a few days of outflow. If global catastrophism is good for Venus or Mars where no water is found, it’s good for Earth where water is plentiful. *moyboys: evolutionists who use the phrases “millions of years, billions of years” with reckless abandon.

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝