Sermons From Science Dec 2014 2014 12 Sermons

Sermons From Science -- Dec 2014 科学布道-2014年 12月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides and corresponding videos in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from different sources and in the Internet. May God have all the glory. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

Water-Powered Car 水动力车 n n n I have always been interested in innovations in cars. Many years ago, I speculated that if water, HOH, can be linked as H-O-O-O-O-H using a converter and a catalyst, then this molecule will be similar to octane, which is the main ingredient of gasoline. Later, I found that Honda Research Lab published an article in Science magazine, which described the spectroscopic properties of the –O-O- radical, I knew that Honda has been working on a similar molecule that I proposed. Sure, Honda has been successful to produce a version of water-powered car recently. I read about it using Google search engine. But, this is not available in the United States of America.

Water-Powered Car 水动力车 n n In the Wikipedia, I read that water-powered car violates the second law of thermodynamics. Actually, the water -powered car uses a battery. The battery provides the juice which splits the water molecule to its components, 2 H+ and O 2 -. The hydrogen ions are protons, when combined with electrons, will become hydrogen, which is combustible, giving water vapor. The O 2 - ion aids combustion, leaving behind ZERO pollution. I think that is what Honda accomplished. Later, I found that a genius inventor in Ohio has been successful to demonstrate a water-powered car back in 1998. His name is Stanley A. Meyer. His twin brother Stan Meyer published his 222 -page patent, which is open to the whole world!

Water-Powered Car 水动力车 n n n I downloaded the 222 -page patent. I also browsed through its content. I was not able to find one error in his calculations. That was why he was able to produce a water-powered car. At that time, the philanthropist Rockefeller funded Meyer’s research. After he presented his findings to the Defense Department, his funding was abruptly stopped. Back in 1998, oil was the bone of contention for a war. The Gulf War was largely to regain the oil access to Kuwait where American companies have spent billions of dollars to develop the oil refineries. What would you think if suddenly oil is replaced by WATER!

Water-Powered Car 水动力车

Water-Powered Car 水动力车

Water-Powered Car 水动力车 n n n According to Stanley’s twin brother Stan, Stanley was poisoned in a restaurant. He collapsed in a parking lot. Only speculations exist. Who poisoned the inventor Stanley? What was the motive? Only God knows. The water-powered car is locked up in an unknown place. Stan, the twin brother of the genius inventor, is in hiding, for fear of his life! When Stanley died, he was 39 years old. I am sure we will see him in Heaven. He was a devout Christian. Let us pray that the world will wake up and replace gasoline with water!

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

Sermons From Science -- Dec 2014 科学布道-2014年 12月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides and corresponding videos in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from different sources and in the Internet. May God have all the glory. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

Air-Powered Car 空气动力汽车 n To follow through the water-powered car, I now delve into air-powered car. The Wikipedia has an excellent article on compressed air car. The compressed air is stored in a tank of 4500 psi. To understand this high pressure, our atmosphere has only 14. 7 psi. That means the pressure inside the tank is 306 times that of the atmospheric pressure. From this standpoint alone, the air-car has a safety problem. Not only that, the energy density is smaller than gasoline. The Wikipedia says, “Compressed air has relatively low energy density. Air at 30 MPa (4, 500 psi) contains about 50 Wh of energy per liter (and normally weighs 372 g per liter). For comparison, a lead–acid battery contains 60 -75 Wh/l. A lithium-ion battery contains about 250 -620 Wh/l. Gasoline contains about 9, 411 Wh per liter. ”

Air-Powered Car 空气动力汽车 n n n The Wikipedia also lists the advantages and disadvantages of the compressed air-car. The advantages include the following: “It uses no gasoline or other bio-carbon based fuel. “Refueling may be done at home, but filling the tanks to full pressure would require compressors for 250 -300 bars, which are not normally available for home standard utilization, considering the danger inherent at these pressure levels. “Compressed air engines reduce the cost of vehicle production, because there is no need to build a cooling system, spark plugs, starter motor, or mufflers. “The rate of self-discharge is very low opposed to batteries that deplete their charge slowly over time. Therefore, the vehicle may be left unused for longer periods of time than electric cars.

Air-Powered Car 空气动力汽车 n n “Expansion of the compressed air lowers its temperature; this may be exploited for use as air conditioning. “Reduction or elimination of hazardous chemicals such as gasoline or battery acids/metals. “Some mechanical configurations may allow energy recovery during braking by compressing and storing air. “Sweden’s Lund University reports that buses could see an improvement in fuel efficiency of up to 60 percent using an air-hybrid system. But this only refers to hybrid air concepts (due to recuperation of energy during braking), not compressed air-only vehicles.

Air-Powered Car 空气动力汽车 n “The principal disadvantages are the additional steps of energy conversion and transmission, because each inherently has loss. For combustion engine cars, the energy is lost when chemical energy in fossil fuels is converted by the engine to mechanical energy. For electric cars, a power plant's electricity (from whatever source) is transmitted to the car's batteries, which then transmits the electricity to the car's motor, which converts it to mechanical energy. For compressed-air cars, the power plant's electricity is transmitted to a compressor, which mechanically compresses the air into the car's tank. The car's engine then converts the compressed air to mechanical energy.

Air-Powered Car 空气动力汽车 n “When air expands in the engine it cools dramatically and must be heated to ambient temperature using a heat exchanger. The heating is necessary in order to obtain a significant fraction of theoretical energy output. The heat exchanger can be problematic: while it performs a similar task to an intercooler for an internal combustion engine, the temperature difference between the incoming air and the working gas is smaller. In heating the stored air, the device gets very cold and may ice up in cool, moist climates.

Air-Powered Car 空气动力汽车 n “This also leads to the necessity of completely dehydrating the compressed air. If any humidity subsists in the compressed air, the engine will stop due to inner icing. Removing the humidity completely requires additional energy that cannot be reused and is lost. (At 10 g of water per m 3 air -typical value in the summer- you have to take out 900 g of water in 90 m 3; with a vaporization enthalpy of 2. 26 MJ/kg you will need theoretically minimally 0. 6 k. Wh; technically, with cold drying this figure must be multiplied by 3 to 4. Moreover, dehydrating can only be done with professional compressors, so that a home charging will completely be impossible, or at least not at any reasonable cost. )

Air-Powered Car 空气动力汽车 n “Conversely, when air is compressed to fill the tank, its temperature increases up. If the stored air is not cooled while the tank is being filled, then when the air cools off later, its pressure decreases and the available energy decreases. To mitigate this, the tank may be equipped with an internal heat-exchanger in order to cool the air quickly and efficiently while charging. “Alternatively, a spring may be used to store work from the air as it is inserted in the tank, thus maintaining a low pressure difference between the tank and recharger, which results in a lower temperature raise for the transferred air.

Air-Powered Car 空气动力汽车 n “Refueling the compressed air container using a home or lowend conventional air compressor may take as long as 4 hours, though specialized equipment at service stations may fill the tanks in only 3 minutes. To store 2. 5 k. Wh @300 bar in 300 liter reservoirs (90 m 3 of air @ 1 bar), requires about 30 k. Wh of compressor energy (with a single-stage adiabatic compressor), or approx. 21 k. Wh with an industrial standard multistage unit. That means a compressor power of 360 k. W is needed to fill the reservoirs in 5 minutes from a single stage unit, or 250 k. W for a multistage one. However, intercooling and isothermal compression is far more efficient and more practical than adiabatic compression, if sufficiently large heat exchangers are fitted. Efficiencies of up to 65% might perhaps be achieved, (whereas current efficiency for large industrial compressors is max. 50%) however this is lower than the Coulomb's efficiency with lead acid batteries.

Air-Powered Car 空气动力汽车 n n n “The overall efficiency of a vehicle using compressed air energy storage, using the above refueling figures, is around 5 -7%. For comparison, well to wheel efficiency of a conventional internalcombustion drivetrain is about 14%. “Early tests have demonstrated the limited storage capacity of the tanks; the only published test of a vehicle running on compressed air alone was limited to a range of 7. 22 km. “A 2005 study demonstrated that cars running on lithium-ion batteries out-perform both compressed air and fuel cell vehicles more than threefold at the same speeds. MDI claimed in 2007 that an air car will be able to travel 140 km in urban driving, and have a range of 80 km with a top speed of 110 km/h (68 mph) on highways, when operating on compressed air alone, but in as late as mid-2011, MDI has still not produced any working prototype.

Air-Powered Car 空气动力汽车 n n n “A 2009 University of Berkeley Research Letter found that ‘Even under highly optimistic assumptions the compressed -air car is significantly less efficient than a battery electric vehicle and produces more greenhouse gas emissions than a conventional gas-powered car with a coal intensive power mix. ’ However, they also suggested, ‘a pneumatic– combustion hybrid is technologically feasible, inexpensive and could eventually compete with hybrid electric vehicles. ’” In spite of the drawbacks, many companies are working on the air car. The Wikipedia lists the following: “APUQ (Association de Promotion des Usages de la Quasiturbine) has made the APUQ Air Car, a car powered by a Quasiturbine.

Air-Powered Car 空气动力汽车 n n “MDI has proposed a range of vehicles made up of Air. Pod, One. Flow. Air, City. Flow. Air, Mini. Flow. Air and Multi. Flow. Air. One of the main innovations of this company is its implementation of its "active chamber", which is a compartment which heats the air (through the use of a fuel) in order to double the energy output. This 'innovation' was first used in torpedoes in 1904. “As of January 2009 Tata Motors of India had planned to launch a car with an MDI compressed air engine in 2011. In December 2009 Tata's vice president of engineering systems confirmed that the limited range and low engine temperatures were causing problems. Tata Motors announced in May 2012 that they have assessed the design passing phase 1, the "proof of the technical concept" towards full production for the Indian market. Tata has moved onto phase 2, "completing detailed development of the compressed air engine into specific vehicle and stationary applications".

Air-Powered Car 空气动力汽车

Air-Powered Car 空气动力汽车 n n n “Air Car Factories SA is proposing to develop and build a compressed air engine. This Spanish based company was founded by Miguel Celades. “The Energine Corporation was a South Korean company that claimed to deliver fully assembled cars running on a hybrid compressed air and electric engine. These cars are more precisely named pneumatic-hybrid electric vehicles. Engineers from this company made, starting from a Daewoo Matiz, a prototype of a hybrid electric/compressed-air engine. The compressed-air engine is used to activate an alternator, which extends the autonomous operating capacity of the car. “A similar concept using a pneumatic accumulator in a largely hydraulic system has been developed by U. S. government research laboratories and industry. It uses compressed air only for recovery of braking energy, and in 2007 was introduced for certain heavy vehicle applications such as refuse trucks.

Air-Powered Car 空气动力汽车

Air-Powered Car 空气动力汽车 n n n “The "K'Airmobiles" project of Kernelys aimed to produce commercial vehicles in France. The project was started in 20062007 by a small group of researchers. They said to be working on 2 types of vehicles; namely "VPA" (Vehicles with Pneumatic Assistance) and "VPP" (Vehicles with Pneumatic Propulsion) vehicles. However, the project has in the end not been able to gather the necessary funds to go commercial. “People should note that, meantime, the team has recognized the physical impossibility to use on-board stored compressed air due to its poor energy capacity and thermal losses resulting from the expansion of the gas. “These days, using the patent pending 'K'Air Fluid Generator', converted to work as a compressed-gas motor, the company has reworked its project in 2010 together with a North American group of investors, now intended for the purpose of developing a green energy power system.

Air-Powered Car 空气动力汽车

Air-Powered Car 空气动力汽车 n n n “Engineair is an Australian company which manufactures small industrial vehicles using an air engine of its own design. “PSA Peugeot Citroën Hybrid Air concept exhibited at the 2013 Geneva Motor Show. “In 2010, Honda presented the Honda Air concept car at the LA Auto Show. “Peugeot and Citroën have announced that they too are building a car that uses compressed air as an energy source. However, the car they are designing uses a hybrid system which also uses a gasoline engine (which is used for propelling the car over 70 km/h, or when the compressed air tank has been depleted). ” Thank God for the excellent reporting of Wikipedia. May God help all these manufacturers to perfect the air car.

Air-Powered Car 空气动力汽车

Air-Powered Car 空气动力汽车

Air-Powered Car 空气动力汽车

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

Sermons From Science -- Dec 2014 科学布道-2014年 12月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides and corresponding videos in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from different sources and in the Internet. May God have all the glory. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

Understanding Chronic Pain 了解慢性疼痛 n n The December 2014 issue of Scientific American has an article on chronic pain by neuroscientist Stephani Sutherland. Some of the article is quoted below: “Pain signals generated by heat or other stimuli travel from nerve endings in the skin or other sites to structures called dorsal root ganglia, near the spinal cord, and then on to the spinal cord and brain. Genetic mutations or damage to nerves can, however, alter the behavior of key molecules along the route, including ion channels, in ways that cause pain to become chronic. Hoping to ease the suffering, researchers are now targeting those critical molecules in a variety of ways.

Understanding Chronic Pain 了解慢性疼痛 n “Hyperactive channels embedded in the membranes of nerve endings that detect painful stimuli are molecules called ion channels that open and close a central pore in response to the stimuli. A channel called TRPV 1, for example, detects heat. When it opens, positively charged ions (mainly sodium) rush in, boosting the membrane voltage. In response, voltage-sensitive sodium channels (Navs) open and trigger a pain signal to the spinal cord. Abnormalities in Navs or TRPV 1 can cause excessive signaling. Agents under study may decrease channel activity and thus halt the extra signaling.

Understanding Chronic Pain 了解慢性疼痛

Understanding Chronic Pain 了解慢性疼痛 n “Some nerves that detect sensory inputs specialize in transmitting pain; others convey touch. Cross talk between the two pathways is regulated by cells in the spinal cord called interneurons. This regulation is often disrupted in people with chronic pain, who then experience allodynia—pain from an innocuous stimulus such as a gentle touch. Research shows that this condition can arise after a nerve is injured, when immune cells known as microglia release chemical signals that cause spinal cord neurons to lose a molecule essential to normal signaling. Drug developers are working on ways to fix this short circuit and relieve allodynia.

Understanding Chronic Pain 了解慢性疼痛

Understanding Chronic Pain 了解慢性疼痛 n n “A variety of factors explain why some people are more vulnerable to chronic pain than others. Take 10 people who suffer the same back injury in a car accident: three of them will have the misfortune to end up with chronic pain as a result. Or take 10 people with diabetes: about half will develop nerve damage, or neuropathy, but the injury will cause ongoing pain in only three of them. What factors make some people vulnerable and others resilient? The question has not yet been fully answered, but research points to three main influences that seem to work in concert: “Hardwiring: Genes help to determine an individual’s pain sensitivity and tolerance, and some tip the scales toward unusual susceptibility to chronic pain. One of the biggest genetic factors is gender; women are far more likely than men to develop chronic pain over the course of a lifetime.

Understanding Chronic Pain 了解慢性疼痛 n n n “Experience: Stress, trauma and abuse—both physical and emotional—can raise the risk. Studies suggest that these experiences can cause long-term changes in gene activity, turning genes on or off in ways that affect pain pathways. In addition, the risk for chronic pain rises with age, not just because of wear and tear but probably also because the body’s ability to repair injuries—including nerve damage— declines as we get older. “Personality: Certain personality traits skew risk. Pessimists, worrywarts and catastrophizers are more likely to suffer. Brain circuitry involved in motivation and reward also seems to influence pain vulnerability. ” This is why the Bible is the best solution to pain: Rejoice always, including pain! Thank God for the excellent reporting of Scientific American.

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

Sermons From Science -- Dec 2014 科学布道-2014年 12月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides and corresponding videos in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from different sources and in the Internet. May God have all the glory. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

The Jet Stream is Getting Weird 急流越来越古怪 n n n The December 2014 issue of Scientific American has an article on climate by meteorologist Jeff Masters. Some of the article is quoted below: “Severe weather outbreaks have occurred in the past four years when the jet stream has become contorted into extreme positions. “Extended bouts of outlandish weather have taken place when the jet stream has become stalled in these shapes for long periods. “Some scientists assert that the leading cause of a weird jet stream is the loss of Arctic sea ice, although other experts disagree. “Either way a more extreme jet stream will mean greater droughts, floods, heat waves and deep freezes in many parts of the world.

The Jet Stream is Getting Weird 急流越来越古怪 n n “Two jets of high-altitude wind blow around the earth in each hemisphere. When bends in the polar jet stream magnified, abnormally warm or cold air can wallop large regions of a continent. The bends can also get stuck that way for weeks, causing droughts, floods, heat waves and deep freezes. Two leading theories can explain the big bends, one driven by climate change and one linked to either climate change or natural variability. “Because the equator gets more solar energy than the poles, hot air rises there, hits the stratosphere and spreads toward the poles. The earth’s spin deflects the air into three major, interlocking atmospheric circulation cells in each hemisphere. Jet streams arise along the cell boundaries to equalize pressure differences.

The Jet Stream is Getting Weird 急流越来越古怪 n n n “When mild bends in the polar jet stream become amplified, huge warm-air masses can surge much farther north than usual, and cold-air masses—such as the winter polar vortex– can plunge far to the south. The bends typically progress across the U. S. in three to five days, delivering our daily weather. “Natural phenomena in the atmosphere can alter the jet stream’s path. Two prime suspects are the El Nino/Southern Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation. “The El Nino/Southern Oscillation in tropical atmospheric pressure has two phases: El Nino brings warmer Pacific Ocean water eastward, moving the jet stream south; La Nina brings cooler water, moving the jet north. Recent, large differences in the phases, linked to a wavy jet, may be natural or driven by climate change.

The Jet Stream is Getting Weird 急流越来越古怪

The Jet Stream is Getting Weird 急流越来越古怪

The Jet Stream is Getting Weird 急流越来越古怪 n n n “The Arctic is warming up two to three times as fast as the midaltitudes. Disappearing sea ice is a major reason: more exposed water absorbs extra solar heat in the summer and reradiates it in winter, raising air temperature in the polar cell faster than the rise in the Ferrell cell. The declining difference between cells makes a negative Arctic Oscillation and wavy jet stream more likely. “From 1979 to 2012 the minimum area of Arctic sea ice dropped 40%, and autumn winds high over North America slowed 10%. Slower winds are associated with big, problematic bends in the jet stream. “If the jet stream continues to get more wavy, harsh weather conditions will grow more intense, causing death and destruction.

The Jet Stream is Getting Weird 急流越来越古怪

The Jet Stream is Getting Weird 急流越来越古怪 n “Drought is the greatest threat because it affects the two things we need most to survive: water and food. If a high-amplitude jet stream pattern with eccentric ridges of high pressure were to stay stuck for an entire summer over the grain-producing areas of Russia and the U. S. , the precipitation that these crops rely on would not arrive. The resulting droughts could cause huge spikes in food prices, widespread famine and violent unrest. During the great Russian drought and heat wave of 2010, a massive and impenetrable ridge of high pressure settled over the country. That shunted the low-pressure systems that usually bring rain to Russian crops over to Pakistan, causing catastrophic floods there. The drought and heat wave was Russia’s deadliest and most expensive natural disaster in history. It forced the country to cut off wheat exports, which drove up global grain prices and helped to foment the ‘Arab Spring’ unrest that toppled multiple governments in 2011.

The Jet Stream is Getting Weird 急流越来越古怪 n n “That is also the year that summertime Arctic sea ice will essentially disappear, according to several leading climate scientists. If Arctic changes are truly to blame for wacky jet stream behavior, losing the remaining 50% of the Arctic sea-ice coverage between now and 2030 will bring even greater antics. If the Arctic is not involved, that is worrisome as well because it means jet stream changes are being triggered by an unknown mechanism, leaving us with no idea how the jet stream will respond as climate change progresses. Thus, my forecast for the next 15 years: expect the unprecedented. ” Thank God for the excellent reporting of the Scientific American.

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

Sermons From Science -- Dec 2014 科学布道-2014年 12月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides and corresponding videos in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from different sources and in the Internet. May God have all the glory. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

Immunity’s Illusion 免疫力的错觉 n n n The December 2014 issue of Scientific American has an article on the above subject by scientist Adam J. Kucharski. Parts of the article are quoted below: “Infection with many kinds of disease-causing viruses, such as measles, gives people lifelong immunity against ever developing the illnesses again. “Flu viruses are different, however, because they tend to mutate, or change slightly from year to year, foiling the body’s immune defenses. “A few studies have suggested that the first flu strains to which individuals are exposed as children can limit their ability to fight other flu strains later in their life. “Evidence to support this curious immune reaction, dubbed ‘original antigenic sin, ’ has now been found in mathematical models as well.

Immunity’s Illusion 免疫力的错觉 n “First impressions last a long time. Most of the time when the human body conquers a virus, the immune system can provide lifelong protection against future infections with the same pathogen. Adults should therefore have stronger defenses than children and become sick less often. But that is not what happens with flu. Immunity grows throughout childhood, as expected, but then people become more vulnerable in middle age. A possible explanation appears to be: the immune system develops a kind of blind spot with flu, mistakenly expecting later infections of the highly changeable virus to resemble earlier ones. Because the body reserves its strongest responses for what are in fact outdated threats, it can fail to combat subsequent infections effectively.

Immunity’s Illusion 免疫力的错觉

Immunity’s Illusion 免疫力的错觉 n n n “Children are exposed to many germs as they grow up. Their body responds by churning out lots of different molecules called antibodies to prevent the return of future infections. “At some point the immune system stops creating quite so many new antibodies. This molecular demobilization is not usually a problem—unless a virus evolves into a slightly unrecognizable form, the way flu does. The previously powerful antibodies put up a less effective fight, allowing the virus a greater opportunity to grow. “Eventually the flu virus changes so completely that the immune system treats it as a brand-new set of antibodies. Vaccination programs in the elderly probably also help to increase protection.

Immunity’s Illusion 免疫力的错觉 n “Like the biblical concept, original antigenic sin is the story of the first encounter between a naïve entity (the immune system) and a dangerous threat (a pathogen). In the immunological version, the body is so marked by its successful counterattack against an influenza virus that each subsequent infection will trigger these original antibodies again. The body makes these antibodies even when it encounters a slightly different set of antibodies for the lost to combat the infection efficiently. At the same time, the body fails to make a good supply of antibodies against the pathogen with the altered set of antigens, instead relying on the immune response to viruses it has already won.

Immunity’s Illusion 免疫力的错觉 n “Having become convinced that original antigenic sin can shape the immune profile of an entire population, we wanted to investigate whether misguided immune responses could also affect the size of an outbreak. In simulations, we found that every now and then, the model generated large epidemics even if the new virus was not particularly different from the previous year’s strain. It seemed that original antigenic sin was leaving gaps in the immunity of certain age groups: although individuals had been exposed to strains that might have protected them, their immune systems had generated the ‘wrong’ antibodies in response to the new infection.

Immunity’s Illusion 免疫力的错觉 n “Research into influenza immunity has often focused on specific issues, namely the effectiveness of a particular vaccine or the size of an epidemic in a certain year. But these problems are actually just part of a much bigger question: How do we develop and maintain immunity to flu and other viruses that change their antigenic makeup over time—and can we use that information to understand how flu spreads and evolves? . . .

Immunity’s Illusion 免疫力的错觉 n “Because the Flu. Scape study looked at blood samples taken in the present day, Lessler and his colleagues could not examine how antibody levels changed over time. In August 2013, however, researchers at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai looked at a series of blood samples taken from 40 people over a 20 -year period. Their results support the idea of antigenic seniority: each new flu infection boosted antibody levels against previously seen strains. Individuals therefore had stronger immune responses against viruses they came across earlier in life than against those encountered later.

Immunity’s Illusion 免疫力的错觉 n n “Over the past couple of years I have been collaborating with the Flu. Scape team to investigate patterns in the new data coming out of China. One benefit of such work might be to help determine who is susceptible to particular strains and how this vulnerability could influence the evolution of the disease. With new models and better data, we are gradually starting to find ways to tease out how individuals and populations build immunity to influenza. If the past is anything to go by, we are sure to encounter more surprises along the way. ” Thank God for the excellent reporting of the Scientific American.

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

Sermons From Science -- Dec 2014 科学布道-2014年 12月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides and corresponding videos in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from different sources and in the Internet. May God have all the glory. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

Science Confirms Climate Change! 科学证实气候变化！ n n The Answers In Genesis website has an article written by Avery Foley on November 22, 2014. The article is quoted below: “Did you know that what you believe about origins will affect how you view climate change? “Up until recent times, we heard certain politicians and others warning about global warming! But one hasn’t heard that term for quite a while now—and with the recent wintery weather in the United States, global warming would not be the way to describe what’s happening. The term we hear now is “climate change. ” “Over the last few decades, there has been much debate over the topic of climate change.

Science Confirms Climate Change! 科学证实气候变化！ n “Is it real? What or who is causing it? Should we be concerned? There is evidence that climate change is indeed a real phenomenon. There was a period of global warming during the medieval days which dropped into a cooling trend known as the “Little Ice Age. ” For the past 400 years, temperatures have been slowly climbing up from that chilly dip. But, while the evidence shows that there has been and still is change in the climate, the evidence does not speak for itself about what this change means. The data must be interpreted. How should Bible-believing Christians interpret this evidence?

Science Confirms Climate Change! 科学证实气候变化！

Science Confirms Climate Change! 科学证实气候变化！ n “We have emphasized many times the vital distinction between observational and historical science in the creation/evolution debate. But this contrast is also foundational to properly understanding the climate change debate. Observational science works in the present. It is observable, testable, and repeatable. But historical science deals with the past and, therefore, is not directly observable, testable, or repeatable. How you interpret the observational science will be based on what you believe about historical science. Do you start with man’s word that the universe has been around for billions of years and that the present is the key to the past? Or do you start with God’s Word that teaches a young universe and an earth that was radically altered by a recent global Flood? Which worldview you start with is going to determine how you view and interpret the observational science.

Science Confirms Climate Change! 科学证实气候变化！ n n “This is certainly true in the climate change debate. The observational evidence shows that climate change is real. But how we interpret the data about climate change will be influenced by our starting point: man’s word or God’s Word? “Secularists believe that Earth has existed for billions of years and that Earth’s temperature has been stable for over 10, 000 years, since the end of the last supposed glacial period. Since the observational science shows that Earth’s climate is now changing, these secularists assume that human activity must be the cause of this change. If this is true, then a changing climate is understandably a concern for them. But this model is built on unprovable assumptions about Earth’s history. The methods such as tree ring and ice core dating that are used to give these stable temperature readings are also fraught with unprovable assumptions. These assumptions reject the eye-witness account of Earth’s history that God has given us in His Word.

Science Confirms Climate Change! 科学证实气候变化！ n “If we start with God’s Word, we get a very different picture of Earth’s history. According to the Bible’s history, the earth is not billions of years old but only about 6, 000 years old. Originally, there was a perfect creation (Genesis 1: 31), which would have included a perfect climate. However, this climate was radically changed when the surface of Earth was destroyed, reshaped, and rearranged by the global Flood of Noah’s day around 4, 300 years ago. As the earth was settling from the Flood, there was a transitional climate which included an Ice Age that covered 30% of the earth’s surface in ice. This transitional climate slowly gave way to the present climate as the earth evened out from the aftereffects of the Flood. Therefore, starting with a biblical model for Earth’s history, we should expect variations in climate and temperature.

Science Confirms Climate Change! 科学证实气候变化！ n n “So should we be alarmed about climate change? Not at all. Yes, climate change is real, but according to the true history book of the universe, we should expect it as a consequence of the cataclysmic Flood. Also, Earth—and Earth’s climate—was designed by the all-knowing, all-wise Creator God. He built an incredible amount of variety into the DNA of His creatures so that they could survive and thrive as Earth’s environments change. Surely the God who equipped life to survive on a changing Earth also designed Earth with the necessary features to deal with environmental changes. After the Flood, God even promised Noah that the climate would remain within acceptable ranges: “While the earth remains; Seedtime and harvest; Cold and heat; Winter and summer; And day and night shall not cease. (Genesis 8: 22)

Science Confirms Climate Change! 科学证实气候变化！ n “Starting with God’s Word, variations in the climate should not alarm us. If you start with man’s assumptions about the past, man must be directly responsible for recent changes in climate. But starting with the Bible’s history, it’s obvious that man’s recent activity is not directly responsible for global climate change issues. However, man and his wickedness were responsible for bringing God’s judgment of the Flood that radically changed the climate. So, in a sense, people who lived over 3, 000 years ago are at least in part responsible for climate change! But we shouldn’t be overly concerned about climate change, because it has been happening since the time of the Flood.

Science Confirms Climate Change! 科学证实气候变化！ n “While we have made it clear in other articles and in media interviews that we do not deny climate change, secularists are constantly accusing us of refusing to acknowledge climate change. We do not deny climate change. The observational evidence for variations in temperature is real. What we do deny is the worldview-based assumptions that determine secular scientists’ interpretations and conclusions about the evidence. Just like in the creation/evolution and age of the earth debates, your starting point determines your interpretation of the evidence. If you start from the perspective that Earth is billions of years old and that Earth’s temperature has been stable for over 10, 000 years, you will reach an entirely different conclusion than if you start with a belief in a young Earth radically reshaped by a global Flood.

Science Confirms Climate Change! 科学证实气候变化！ n “Mankind was given dominion over the earth (Genesis 1: 28), but proper stewardship of what God has given us means that we need to take care of the earth. But we should never regard caring for the earth over caring for the people that inhabit the earth. Mankind—not the earth—is made in God’s image (Genesis 1: 27) and is therefore precious. God cares about nature but cares far more about people (Matthew 12: 6– 7). Many of the measures that climate change alarmists propose, such as drastic changes in energy uses, will have far-reaching effects on the less fortunate. It is therefore vital that we examine the worldview-based assumptions behind the interpretation of climate change before we make decisions about human behavior.

Science Confirms Climate Change! 科学证实气候变化！ n n n “As Christians, we need to start with God’s Word, not man’s word, when it comes to Earth’s history. God was there in the beginning and since He does not lie (Titus 1: 2), we know that the record that He was given us in His Word is the true account of Earth’s history. “Yes, your starting point for your worldview (God’s Word or man’s word) will affect how you view climate change!” Thank God for the excellent article from the Answers In Genesis website.

Sermons From Science -- Dec 2014 科学布道-2014年 12月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides and corresponding videos in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from different sources and in the Internet. May God have all the glory. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

State of the Church in America 在美国教会状况 n n n The Answers In Genesis website has an article written by Avery Foley on November 22, 2014. The article is quoted below: “What did the men who founded and fought for America really believe? How have the court systems and the ACLU tried to rob Americans of their Christian heritage? This book reveals the truth about the birth of the United States. Fascinating reading! “Over the years, churches and councils have developed catechisms and creeds to summarize the key doctrines of the Christian faith. Many of these affirmations of truth show clearly how the church has traditionally viewed Scripture and its authority. As American churches move farther away from the authority of Scripture in our lives and churches, are we losing some of the doctrines that generations of Christians have considered fundamental to the faith? What kind of an effect is this having on morality within the church?

State of the Church in America 在美国教会状况 n n n “It is clear from many of the old catechisms that the early American church believed the Scriptures—and the Scriptures alone—were the authority in their lives. Two prominent documents, the Westminster Confession of Faith (1646– 1647) used by Presbyterian and Reformed churches and the Philadelphia Confession of Faith (1742) a creed used by Baptist churches, both use almost identical wording to describe the authority and exclusivity of the Word of God, “All which are given by inspiration of God to be the rule of faith and life. . The authority of the Holy Scripture, for which it ought to be believed, and obeyed, dependeth not upon the testimony of any man, or church; but wholly upon God (who is truth itself) the author thereof: and therefore it is to be received, because it is the Word of God. “The infallible rule of interpretation of Scripture is the Scripture itself. .

State of the Church in America 在美国教会状况 n n “The supreme judge, by which all controversies of religion are to be determined, and all decrees of councils, opinions of ancient writers, doctrines of men, and private spirits, are to be examined, and in whose sentence we are to rest, can be no other but the Holy Scripture delivered by the Spirit, into which Scripture so delivered, our faith is finally resolved. “The doctrine of the American church has historically been largely based on the Scriptures. Since they believed that Scripture was the ultimate authority, it was Scripture that dictated what they were to believe. For that reason, the fundamentals of Christian doctrine were firmly accepted and a high standard of morality permeated churches and, by extension, much of the culture.

State of the Church in America 在美国教会状况

State of the Church in America 在美国教会状况 n “AMERICAN CHURCHGOERS OF TODAY DO NOT UNDERSTAND WHAT THE BIBLE BEING GOD’S WORD ACTUALLY MEANS. Today, while many churches and denominations still give lip service to the old creeds and catechisms, the state of the American church shows that they interpret these affirmations of truth in a much different way than did generations before them. According to a Lifeway survey, eight out of ten churchgoers in America think that the Bible is God’s Word and that it is accurate. While on the surface, this looks like a great statistic, a closer look into churches shows that American churchgoers of today do not understand what the Bible being God’s Word actually means.

State of the Church in America 在美国教会状况 n “Scripture is clear that the Bible is to be our standard for living (2 Timothy 3: 16, John 17: 17, Psalm 119: 142). Yet, according to a Pew Forum survey, only four in ten churchgoers rely on the Bible and religious teaching to determine right from wrong. Instead, nearly half rely on their own common sense and experience. Sadly, not even half of churchgoers read their Bible outside of church! The result of this biblical illiteracy is a staggering decline in belief in traditional, biblical doctrines and rampant immorality. For example, one of the foundational doctrines of the Christian faith is that salvation is found in Christ alone (Acts 4: 12, Romans 10: 9, Ephesians 2: 8– 9) and yet the Lifeway and Pew Forum surveys show that as many as eight in ten Christians who attend mainline denominations think that other religions can lead to God and four out of ten think that salvation can be achieved by works. Obviously, many churches are largely no longer basing their thinking on the Word of God.

State of the Church in America 在美国教会状况 n n “This shift from the Bible as the foundation for theology and doctrine has also led to the Bible no longer shaping the church’s morality. According to a Barna Group survey nearly four in ten Christians think that abortion is morally acceptable, well over half think that cohabitation (living together before marriage) is fine, and a significant minority have no problem with pornography. And these are just some of the completely unbiblical moral views within the church! A STRONG STAND ON BOTH BIBLICAL DOCTRINE AND BIBLICAL MORALITY GO HAND IN HAND. It makes perfect sense that a strong stand on both biblical doctrine and biblical morality go hand in hand. James 2: 20 says that “faith without works is dead. ” Real faith is believing in the person and work of Jesus Christ. James says that faith is accompanied by works, and a lack of works demonstrates a dead faith.

State of the Church in America 在美国教会状况

State of the Church in America 在美国教会状况 n n “Jesus also said ‘a tree is known by its fruit’ (Matthew 12: 33). It should be obvious then that a strong stand on the fundamental doctrines of the faith, as revealed in Scripture, will be demonstrated by a strong stand on biblical morality. A significant decline in one most likely includes a decline in the other. According to research done by America’s Research Group and published in our book, Already Gone , two-thirds of young people are deserting the church and often the faith. This is largely because they began to doubt the accuracy of the Bible and their lingering questions were never answered. The church has drifted away from its biblical moorings and the next generation is recognizing the hypocrisy and bailing out.

State of the Church in America 在美国教会状况 n “These alarming statistics highlight a problem that is pervasive across denominations. Christians do not know what the Bible teaches and what they believe. Theology has become a pick-and-choose based on what feels right and comfortable, not on what God’s Word actually teaches. This change has come because we have rejected the authority of God’s Word in many areas. Instead of allowing God’s Word to dictate our beliefs and practices, we have allowed the humanistic philosophy that man determines truth to be our guide. The tragic result of this compromise is a quick slide downwards into utterly wrong theology, rampant immorality, and the hesitation to call anything wrong.

State of the Church in America 在美国教会状况 n “The old catechisms of churches highlighted that ‘the supreme judge, by which all controversies of religion are to be determined, and all decrees of councils, opinions of ancient writers, doctrines of men, and private spirits, are to be examined, and in whose sentence we are to rest, can be no other but the Holy Scripture delivered by the Spirit. ’ In other words, Scripture alone was to be the authority. Sadly, this is no longer true for American church as a whole. Instead of allowing the Scriptures to be our ultimate authority, we have added man’s words from outside Scripture into the pages of Scripture. This is largely evident in Genesis where God’s Word clearly teaches that He created everything fully formed and functional in six, literal, 24 -hour days around 6, 000 years ago.

State of the Church in America 在美国教会状况 n “However, man’s evolutionary and old-earth ideas teach the exact opposite and, rather than accepting God’s Words, the church has largely adopted man’s words. Ideas completely outside of Scripture have been forced into it, instead of allowing the Scriptures to be the measure of truth. Of course, as can be expected, compromising God’s Word with man’s didn’t just stay confined to Genesis 1– 11. It is spreading all throughout the Bible and the results are disastrous. After all, if God’s Word isn’t true in the beginning, where does it begin to teach the truth? Sadly, this has resulted in many who simply do not trust the Bible.

State of the Church in America 在美国教会状况 n “WE NEED TO BASE OUR THINKING ON GOD’S WORD IN EVERY AREA AND TEACH OUR YOUNG PEOPLE TO DO THE SAME. So what should the church do about this? We need to get back to our foundation! After all, we can only be the salt we are called to be if we are still salty (Matthew 5: 13). We need to be bold in proclaiming God’s truth to this generation, the church, and to our lost culture. So many churches have compromised on biblical teaching, especially in Genesis. But Genesis lays the foundation for every biblical doctrine from why Jesus is the only Savior to why abortion is wrong. We need to base our thinking on God’s Word in every area and teach our young people to do the same. It is God’s Word—not man’s humanistic philosophies—that is ‘living and powerful, sharper than any two-edged sword’ (Hebrews 4: 12) and that is “truth” (John 17: 17). As God’s church, let’s uncompromisingly proclaim the Word and the gospel ‘that is the power of God unto salvation’ (Romans 1: 16).

Sermons From Science -- Dec 2014 科学布道-2014年 12月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides and corresponding videos in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from different sources and in the Internet. May God have all the glory. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类 n The Answers In Genesis website has a lengthy article written by M. n Aaron on November 26, 2014. Only a small part of the research article is quoted below: “Little baraminological research has been conducted on fossil groups, and even less research has considered dinosaurs. In this study, I analyzed a theropod dinosaur group, Tyrannosauroidea, through the use of statistical baraminology. Four cladistic datasets were reanalyzed through baraminic distance correlation (BDC) and multidimensional scaling (MDS). Because many of the supposed intermediary forms are poorly known, they were excluded from the four analyses. In order to further test the baraminic status of Tyrannosauroidea, I performed another analysis of one of the datasets, encompassing more taxa, but with very few characters. Lastly, a subset of the Xu et al. (2012) dataset was analyzed in order to better understand the relationships among the “basal” tyrannosauroids.

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类 n “As a result of these analyses, I arrived at four conclusions. Firstly, there is strong positive BDC correlation and close MDS grouping within the family Tyrannosauridae. Secondly, there is a strong negative BDC correlation and visually distinct gap in the MDS between Tyrannosauridae and the more distant members of the superfamily Tyrannosauroidea and between Tyrannosauridae and non-tyrannosauroid theropod outgroup. Thirdly, there is fairly strong evidence of positive BDC correlation and MDS clustering between Tyrannosauridae, five close members of Tyrannosauroidea (Bistahieversor, Appalachiosaurus, Dryptosaurus, Raptorex, Xiongguanlong), and possibly with the more distant tyrannosauroid Eotyrannus.

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类 n “Fourthly, there is negative BDC correlation and a distinct visual MDS gap between the Tyrannosauridae with some close tyrannosauroids and the more distant tyrannosauroids and outgroup taxa. Based on these results, I determine that Tyrannosauridae is monobaraminic and, along with Bistahieversor, Appalachiosaurus, Dryptosaurus, Raptorex, Xiongguanlong, and possibly Eotyrannus, is holobaraminic with respect to other members of Tyrannosauroidea and all other dinosaurs. The position of Eotyrannus in the biological trajectory of this holobaramin suggests that tyrannosaurs may have originally had smaller skulls and longer arms in proportion to their bodies and three-fingered hands. Because many of the “basal” tyrannosauroids are poorly known, further discoveries of more complete specimens may place them within this holobaramin, or they may provide a link between Tyrannosauridae and otheropods.

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类 n “This article marks the first dinosaur holobaramin defined via n statistical baraminology, and the results of this study suggest that the taxa Dinosauria, Saurischia, and Theropoda are polybaraminic. “In order to determine the various original created kinds, creationists have begun to expand baraminological research to organisms only known through fossils. Previous studies have included fossil equids (Cavanaugh, Wood, and Wise 2003), archaeocetes (Mace and Wood 2005), hominids (Wood 2010), caseids (Aaron 2014), and Jurassic and Cretaceous Avialae (Garner, Wood, and Ross 2013). The criteria that have been used to determine the baraminic status of a fossil organism include morphology and stratigraphy (Cavanaugh, Wood, and Wise 2003).

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类 A Caseid

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类 n “Few investigations into the baraminology of non-avian dinosaur (hereafter called “dinosaur”) groups have been undertaken. Wood (2011), in his response to Senter (2010), analyzed maniraptoran theropods, but he did not make any statements regarding their holobaraminic status. Cavanaugh (2011) reanalyzed the same character set as Senter (2010) and Wood (2010), this time using ANOPA, and concluded that there were no clear gaps between clouds of theropod taxa. Wood, Ross, and Garner (2011) studied several dinosaur character sets in order to test if baraminic distance correlation could detect discontinuities among fossil groups. In their research, they recognized several dinosaur groups as apobaramins, including theropod groups Coleophysoidea, Neoceratosauria, Tyrannosauroidea, and Oviraptorsauria.

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类 n “Finally, Garner, Wood, and Ross (2013) included maniraptoran theropods in their analysis of Jurassic and Cretaceous Avialae. Presently, no dinosaur groups have been assigned to holobaramins. The holobaramin is the basic unit of baraminology and is defined as a group of organisms in which each member shares continuity with at least one other member, but the group is bounded by discontinuity from all other organisms (Wood and Murray 2003, p. 222). Determining dinosaur holobaramins will allow creationists to better understand the relationships between different groups of dinosaurs, the extent and limits of diversification and intrabaraminic potential in organisms, and the pattern of design in biology, which will lead to a deeper appreciation of God and His creation.

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类 n “A review of the previous work on Tyrannosauroidea in the conventional literature provides a useful foundation for this study. The superfamily Tyrannosauroidea has a large stratigraphic range stretching down to the Middle Jurassic (Fiorillo and Tykoski 2014, Fig. 6). The geographic range of taxa within Tyrannosauroidea includes North America, Europe, Asia (Holtz 2004; Zanno and Makovicky 2011), and possibly South America (Porfiri et al. 2014). Tyrannosauridae is a family within Tyrannosauroidea that contains animals similar in appearance to Tyrannosaurus rex, which is possibly the most popular dinosaur species of all time. In contrast to Tyrannosauroidea, Tyrannosauridae has a very restricted geographic and stratigraphic range. Tyrannosaurids are known exclusively from the Campanian and Maastrichtian stages of the uppermost Cretaceous system (Holtz 2004) from North America and eastern and central Asia (Holtz 2004; Loewen et al. 2013).

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类 n “Conclusion n “After reviewing the BDC and MDS results from all five analyses, as well as relevant stratigraphic and paleobiogeographic data, I make the following conclusions: 1) Tyrannosauridae is a monobaramin; 2) Tyrannosauridae + Bistahieversor + Appalachiosaurus + Dryptosaurus + Raptore x + Xiongguanlong + Eotyrannus is holobaraminic with respect to more distant members of Tyrannosauroidea and all other dinosaurs; 3) The members of this new holobaramin form a trajectory in character space which may suggest a pattern for diversification in the pre-Flood world; 4) Tyrannosaurs may have originally had smaller skulls and larger arms in proportion to their bodies as well as three-fingered hands; 5) Dinosauria, Saurischia, and Theropoda are polybaraminic.

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类

A Statistical Baraminological Analysis of Tyrannosauroidea Yielding the First Dinosaur Holobaramin 暴龙超科的统计分析给予第一个恐龙种类 n “It is possible that with further fossil n discoveries, Eotyrannus may be found not to belong to this holobaramin, or intermediates may be found linking the more distant tyrannosauroids to the Tyrannosauridae. Thus, caution must be used with the results and implications of this analysis, as it should with all baraminological studies of fossil taxa. It is the hope of the author that this initial study of a dinosaur family through the use of statistical baraminology will be followed by similar analyses of other dinosaur taxa. ” We applaud Dr. Aaron’s research. But, not a single evidence of evolution exists among the hundreds of types of dinosaurs. All dinosaurs were sophisticated and highly specialized for survival. Let us give all glory to God who made those wonderful dinosaurs for us all to enjoy and to amaze.

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

Sermons From Science -- Dec 2014 科学布道-2014年 12月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides and corresponding videos in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from different sources and in the Internet. May God have all the glory. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

Christian Foundations of America 美国基督教基础 The Answers In Genesis website has an article written n n by Troy Lacey on November 25, 2014. The article is quoted below: “On September 6, 1620, a group of courageous pilgrims set sail in the Mayflower from Plymouth, England, bound for the New World with the primary purpose of establishing a colony where they could freely practice their religious beliefs. They anchored in Provincetown Harbor of Cape Cod on November 21, 1620, and after exploring the cape, they settled on the coast at Plymouth (in present-day Massachusetts). On the day they anchored, they wrote and signed a compact declaring their purpose and how their civil government would function. The modernized text of the main body of the 1620 Mayflower Compact reads as follows:

Christian Foundations of America 美国基督教基础 “Having undertaken, for the glory of God, and n advancement of the Christian faith, and honor of our King and Country, a voyage to plant the first colony in the northern parts of Virginia, do by these presents solemnly and mutually, in the presence of God, and one of another, covenant and combine our selves together into a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation and furtherance of the ends aforesaid; and by virtue hereof to enact, constitute, and frame such just and equal laws, ordinances, acts, constitutions and offices, from time to time, as shall be thought most meet and convenient for the general good of the Colony, unto which we promise all due submission and obedience.

Christian Foundations of America 美国基督教基础

Christian Foundations of America 美国基督教基础 “The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document n n of Plymouth Colony. It was drafted by the Pilgrims who crossed the Atlantic aboard the Mayflower, seeking religious freedom. It was signed on November 11, 1620 (OS) in what is now Provincetown Harbor near Cape Cod. “It was clear from the Compact that their faith played an extremely important part of their lives, and that they desired to establish and spread the Christian faith in their new homeland. The Pilgrims recognized that they needed to occasionally set aside days for commemorating the Providence of God. In 1668, the Plymouth Colony Court decreed the following:

Christian Foundations of America 美国基督教基础 “Taking notice of the goodness of God to us in the n n continuance of our civil and religious liberties, the general health that we have enjoyed, and that it has pleased God in some comfortable measure to bless us in the fruits of the earth. . . do propose unto the several congregations of this government, that the 25 th day of November next, which will be the fourth day of the week, to be kept as a solemn day of thanksgiving. “It is evident that Christianity significantly influenced every aspect of colonial life and was at the heart of many of the laws which were to govern colonial and later American society. The Charter of Rhode Island in 1663 makes this point clear as seen in this excerpt:

Christian Foundations of America 美国基督教基础 “And whereas, in their humble address, they have freely declared, n that it is much on their hearts (if they may be permitted) to hold forth a lively experiment, that a most flourishing civil state may stand best be maintained, and that among our English subjects, with a full liberty in religious concernments and that true piety rightly grounded upon gospel principles, will give the best and greatest security to sovereignty, and will lay in the hearts of men the strongest obligations to true loyalty. Now, know ye, that we, being willing to encourage the hopeful undertaking of our said loyal and loving subjects, and to secure them in the free exercise and enjoyment of all their civil and religious rights, appertaining to them, as our loving subjects and to preserve unto them that liberty, in the true Christian faith and worship of God, which they have sought with so much travail, and with peaceable minds, and loyal subjection to our royal progenitors and ourselves, to enjoy.

Christian Foundations of America 美国基督教基础 “Ken Ham uses current events as the backdrop for the most n n important messages of his life. This DVD series includes 12 half -hour episodes. “These early Pilgrims and American colonists plainly stated that Christianity was good for ordering the civic structure, maintaining equitable law, preserving civil and religious liberties, and beneficial (indeed foundational) for public morality. Far from compartmentalizing society into secular duties and religious responsibilities, the Pilgrims and other early colonists recognized that for a government of any kind (colony, state, or federal) to function properly and flourish, there needed to be a Christian moral backbone to the laws which regulated society. These colonial founders recognized that it was the Christian morality behind the laws, not the laws themselves, which would order and preserve society.

Christian Foundations of America 美国基督教基础

Christian Foundations of America 美国基督教基础 “For example the 1778 South Carolina State Constitution in n n n Article 38 declares the following: “ 1 st. That there is one eternal God, and a future state of rewards and punishments. “ 2 d. That God is publicly to be worshipped. “ 3 d. That the Christian religion is the true religion “ 4 th. That the holy scriptures of the Old and New Testaments are of divine inspiration, and are the rule of faith and practice. “ 5 th. That it is lawful and the duty of every man being thereunto called by those that govern, to bear witness to the truth. CHRISTIANITY PLAYED A VITAL ROLE IN EVERYDAY LIFE AND THE POLITICAL DIRECTION OF THE COLONIES AND THE EARLY UNITED STATES.

Christian Foundations of America 美国基督教基础 “These brief quotes of documents instrumental to the founding n n of America are just a few of the many on record. They plainly testify that America was founded on Christian principles—not just some vague Deism—and indeed Christianity played a vital role in everyday life and the political direction of the Colonies and the early United States. “But we now live in an American society which is suppressing the name of God in any public arena, removing the 10 Commandments from courthouses, forcing the removal of nativity scenes from public places (and even lawsuits brought against privately-owned nativity scenes), and even trying to suppress what Christian ministers can say in the pulpits of their own churches. This is not the freedom of religion that is talked about in every state’s constitution and the Bill of Rights in the US Constitution.

Christian Foundations of America 美国基督教基础 “Prohibition of religious worship in private and public n n settings would have been the furthest thing from the minds of the Pilgrims and other early colonists. Indeed, the First Amendment to the US Constitution was patterned after the Virginia Declaration of Rights of 1776 section 16: “That religion, or the duty which we owe to our Creator, and the manner of discharging it, can be directed only by reason and conviction, not by force or violence; and therefore all men are equally entitled to the free exercise of religion, according to the dictates of conscience; and that it is the mutual duty of all to practise Christian forbearance, love, and charity toward each other.

Christian Foundations of America 美国基督教基础 “It is ironic that in the name of tolerance and equity, we have not n n only moved away from what the founders of this country intended, but we have completely turned 180 degrees. As we have detailed in recent blog posts and articles, the US government is now trying to force ministers to violate their Christian convictions and conscience and make them perform homosexual marriages, hire people who may be opposed to and even hostile to their religion, and provide abortifacients to employees against the dictates of their faith. These actions directly violate the letter and intent of the First Amendment. Buttressed by revisionist history, modern America has reinterpreted the Christian foundation upon which this country was built. ” May God have mercy on America. Let us turn to the God of the Bible.

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

Sermons From Science -- Dec 2014 科学布道-2014年 12月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides and corresponding videos in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from different sources and in the Internet. May God have all the glory. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

Standing Together in the Battle for Souls 一起站在灵魂的战斗中 The Answers In Genesis website has an article written by Ken n n Ham on November 24, 2014. The article is quoted below: “I have a very special true story to share with you today, and it involves a former Army Ranger. But first some background. . “When I began giving apologetics presentations on biblical creation in Australia (1970 s), some people in the church were actually rather discouraging towards me. For instance, they would tell me that the teaching of evolution and millions of years was so pervasive in the culture (and the church) that it would be hopeless to have any impact. “I remember one person telling me I should just concentrate on ‘getting as many people saved as possible without trying to deal with such issues as creation/evolution, because everything would get worse anyway!’

Standing Together in the Battle for Souls 一起站在灵魂的战斗中 “I’m glad I didn’t listen to those naysayers over 30 years ago! In n n fact, I recall telling one person something like this: “If you start digging a coal mine with a teaspoon, it will take a long time to dig a hole. But the more people who start digging with you, the faster and greater the hole will become. “And then I started to tell people something like this: “God’s Word is like a major weapon. For me it’s as powerful as a ‘nuclear bomb’—the more that we can see people motivated to stand on God’s Word and proclaim the creation/gospel message, the more the impact can resound around the world. “I am often reminded that God’s Word uses a lot of military-type imagery to help us understand the real spiritual battle we are in —and how Christians need to be actively involved.

Standing Together in the Battle for Souls 一起站在灵魂的战斗中

Standing Together in the Battle for Souls 一起站在灵魂的战斗中 “Here are some Scriptures in this regard: n n “Put on the whole armor of God, that you may be able to stand against the wiles of the devil. For we do not wrestle against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this age, against spiritual hosts of wickedness in the heavenly places. “Therefore take up the whole armor of God, that you may be able to withstand in the evil day, and having done all, to stand. “Stand therefore, having girded your waist with truth, having put on the breastplate of righteousness, and having shod your feet with the preparation of the gospel of peace; above all, taking the shield of faith which you will be able to quench all the fiery darts of the wicked one. And take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God. (Ephesians 6: 11– 17)

Standing Together in the Battle for Souls 一起站在灵魂的战斗中 “When I have read passages about the Israelites conquering n n n the Promised Land, I have noticed that they can also be a picture of what the Christian life is like. We are in essence soldiers for the King—the King of Creation (our Creator God). And just like the Israelites, we have our own Jericho and Ai battles. “I am also reminded that God told the Israelites that ‘the LORD your God will drive out those nations before you little by little’ (Deuteronomy 7: 22, emphasis added). “The Lord has brought many special people to the Ai. G ministry who have worked hard to impact lives as God has blessed. They share my passion to equip people to stand firm on God’s Word and defend the Christian faith.

Standing Together in the Battle for Souls 一起站在灵魂的战斗中

Standing Together in the Battle for Souls 一起站在灵魂的战斗中 “Ever since the Lord directed me into the creation-apologetics n n n ministry, I have had a burden to produce as many resources as we can (books, DVDs, curricula, and so on) and get them into as many people’s hands as possible. “I firmly believed that little by little, as people are equipped with the tools and weapons needed in the battle, they would impact the current and coming generations. “I HAVE FOUND IT SO THRILLING FOR ALL OF US AT AIG TO HEAR TESTIMONY AFTER TESTIMONY FROM PEOPLE WHO HAVE BEEN IMPACTED BY THE MINISTRY. And that’s what I have seen happening. After over 30 years of working hard to proclaim the creation-gospel message around the world, I have found it so thrilling for all of us at Ai. G to hear testimony after testimony from people who have been impacted by the ministry. Furthermore, they are now teaching their children and impacting their church and friends.

Standing Together in the Battle for Souls “Yes, I’m glad I didn’t listen to the naysayers 30 years ago! 一起站在灵魂的战斗中 n n n n “Indeed, we at Ai. G have done our best to obey the calling God has given us. And just look at the incredible impact of so many outreaches that God has blessed: “the Creation Museum has had 2. 25 million visitors since opening; and attendance this year is even higher than last years “the future Ark Encounter expects up to two million visitors a year “the Ai. G website has up to 2. 2 million users a month “over 850 radio stations carry our “Answers” program “our resource department has produced numerous books, DVDs, and faith-building curricula—thousands of churches are using Ai. G’s Sunday school and VBS curricula. . . and there is much more I could list.

Standing Together in the Battle for Souls 一起站在灵魂的战斗中 “The impact is staggering! n n “I write all this as a lead up to just one of the many examples of how the Lord has used Ai. G to impact a life, who then impacts others. We’ve seen many of these domino-like examples in the culture. “It was over 20 years ago that the incredible rescue operation and battle in Somalia that has become famously known as ‘Black Hawk Down’ occurred (the movie Black Hawk Down depicted the extraordinary event). It is recognized as one of the most intense battles ever fought by US forces. “Although several of his comrades died and dozens were injured in the city of Mogadishu as hundreds of Somali militia swooped down on the American soldiers, Buck Wilford, an Army Ranger, came away unscratched from this intense firefight.

Standing Together in the Battle for Souls 一起站在灵魂的战斗中 “Buck, who retired as a Green Beret, is now a church planter n n n and pastor of a church in Ohio. “Recently, Pastor Buck visited Ai. G and the Creation Museum. Our staff as well as the Christian leaders attending our pastors’ conference had the privilege of hearing Buck give an account of his experience in Somalia. I must admit: after learning what he and his comrades went through, I felt physically exhausted, as I heard Buck replay that incredible battle. “PASTOR BUCK. . . TOLD US HOW GOD GRACIOUSLY SPARED HIS LIFE AND USED HIS EXPERIENCES TO BRING HIM TO A POINT OF COMMITTING HIS LIFE TO HIM TOTALLY. But Pastor Buck shared something else. He told us how God graciously spared his life and used his experiences to bring him to a point of committing his life to Him totally—and to give him a burden for reaching the lost.

Standing Together in the Battle for Souls 一起站在灵魂的战斗中 “Buck also shared how the ministry of Ai. G had impacted him n n n and that he is now using Ai. G resources to reach souls for Christ. He told us how the Lord enabled him to attend the debate I had with Bill Nye ‘the Science Guy’ earlier in the year—and how that event was life-changing for him. “After Buck spoke about God’s blessings in his life and the role Ai. G has played in his ministry, the pastors and Ai. G staff rose spontaneously to give him a standing ovation. I then interviewed Buck on the stage so that we could learn more about the impact Ai. G has had on his life. “We recorded Buck’s unique and powerful testimony—along with my short interview with him—and it’s now on DVD. I would like to make that video available to you this month.

Standing Together in the Battle for Souls 一起站在灵魂的战斗中 “Pastor Buck is just one of multi-thousands of people who have n n been impacted by the Lord using Ai. G, and now these Christians are touching lives around the globe. “With prayerful consideration, would you please send a generous gift today to support this vital, impacting ministry— one that is reaching souls with the truth of God’s Word and its life-changing gospel message? Thank you. “With your donation of $5 or more over the phone, we’ll send you the DVD of Buck’s incredible Black Hawk Down experience and how the Lord is equipping him today in the battle for souls, with the help of Ai. G! “To request this thrilling DVD, please call us at 1 -800 -778 -3390 to make your donation. Thank you.

Standing Together in the Battle for Souls 一起站在灵魂的战斗中 n n n “Just as we have seen with Pastor Buck, the Lord is using Ai. G to help equip thousands upon thousands of ‘soldiers’—all doing battle for our King. Your prayerful and financial support of Ai. G is crucial to enable this ministry—yes little by little—to influence lives for Him. Praise God, the impact is growing exponentially. “Thank you for supporting Answers in Genesis, as we stand together in the battle for souls!” I have come to know Ken Ham for 30 years. He stayed in my house briefly when he first came over here in California. We all praise God for him.

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

Sermons From Science -- Dec 2014 科学布道-2014年 12月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides and corresponding videos in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from different sources and in the Internet. May God have all the glory. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

Missing Link or Another Fish Story? n 缺少的环节或另一种鱼的故事？ The Institute for Creation Research website has an article written by Frank Sherwin on November 24, 2014. The article is quoted below: “Recently there has been some celebration from the Darwinian community regarding a discovery of a fossil 1 that allegedly links terrestrial animals to their future aquatic relatives: the ichthyosaurs. “Cartorhynchus lenticarpus is proclaimed by some evolutionists to be an amphibious ancestor of the ichthyosaurs, aquatic reptiles whose name means ‘fish lizards. ’ Rachel Feltman of the Washington Post was jubilant, saying this ‘fossil could prove a problem for creationists. ’ 2

Missing Link or Another Fish Story? 缺少的环节或另一种鱼的故事？ n “But like all ‘missing-link’ stories, this statement should be taken with a grain of salt, especially when it comes to the origin of this particular ichthyosaur specimen. Based on their many fossils, we know ichthyosaurs were a common aquatic reptile of the pre-Flood world. 3 Evolutionists suggest that ‘ichthyosaurs probably branched off from other diapsids [having a skull with both ventral and dorsal temporal openings on each side]’ 4 long ago, evolving from an unknown terrestrial reptile ancestor. The Post article jumps right in with lead author of the study, Ryosuke Motani of UC Davis, declaring ‘the gap has been filled’ and Feltman stating the 248 million year-old Cartorhynchus is ‘smack dab in the middle of the ichthyosaur family. ’

Missing Link or Another Fish Story? 缺少的环节或另一种鱼的故事？

Missing Link or Another Fish Story? n 缺少的环节或另一种鱼的故事？ “Evolutionists should be cautious. The last ‘missing link’ between ichthyosaurs and terrestrial creatures was discovered in 1982 and called Utatsusaurus, but left paleontologist Michael Benton unconvinced. Instead of a missing link, he labeled Utatsusaurus an ichthyosaur because it shows ‘typical ichthyosaurian characters. ’ 5 One wonders what other vertebrate paleontologists think of the new kid on the block, Cartorhynchus. For example, cladists (evolutionists who use a method of classification that uses only evolutionary genealogies) maintain, ‘Cartorhynchus is actually the first representative of a whole new clade [a monophyletic group] of ichthyosaur-like pachypleurosaurs. ’ 6 The evolutionary positioning of Cartorhynchus suggested by Motani has been criticized by cladists as having ‘big problem[s]. ’

Missing Link or Another Fish Story? n n n 缺少的环节或另一种鱼的故事？ “Which evolutionary group is right? Traditional gradualists (Neo-Darwinists), cladists, or those who embrace punctuated equilibria? “In the real world, it appears the fossil record is the last place an inquisitive individual should go if they are seeking evidence for macroevolution. 7 Indeed, evolutionary paleontologist Benton recently stated, “A key question paleontologists always ask is whether the fossil record is good enough to tell the history of life or whether it is hopelessly riddled with error. Opinions have wavered back and forth over the years, but it is important to be aware of the context. 8

Missing Link or Another Fish Story? n 缺少的环节或另一种鱼的故事？ “With a dismal fossil record that has yet to document a single evolutionary series from one kind of plant or animal to another kind, the paleontologist should be extremely careful when declaring the discovery of any new species as a transitional form. Those investigating the Cartorhynchus fossil must first ask some basic questions: Does it have a vertical tail fluke? A dorsal fin? These are traits of the common ichthyosaur. The Cartorhynchus fossil has a short snout, but most ichthyosaurs (and mesosaurs and thalattosaurs) had beaklike, elongated snouts. Given the fact that the fossil record provides no compelling transitional forms, could it be that this new fossil has no genetic connection with ichthyosaurs, but instead is just another newly discovered extinct reptile?

Missing Link or Another Fish Story? n n n 缺少的环节或另一种鱼的故事？ “References “Motani, R. et al. 2014. A basal ichthyosauriform with a short snout from the Lower Triassic of China. Nature. Published on nature. com November 5, 2014, corrected online November 10, 2014, accessed November 15, 2014. “Feltman, R. 2014. Newly discovered fossil could prove a problem for creationists. Washington Post News. Posted on washingtonpost. com November 5, 2014, accessed November 7, 2014. “Sherwin, F. 2013. The Intriguing Ichthyosaur—an Evolutionary Fish Story? Acts & Facts. 42 (6): 13. “Thain, M. and M. Hickman. 2004. Dictionary of Biology. New York: Penguin Books, 363. “Benton, M. 2015. Vertebrate Paleontology, 4 th ed. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell, 152 -53.

Missing Link or Another Fish Story? n n 缺少的环节或另一种鱼的故事？ “Cartorhynchus: An ichthyosaur-mimic, not a basal ichthyosaur. The Pterosaur Heresies. Posted on pterosaurheresies. wordpress. com, Nov. 7, 2014 accessed November 9, 2014. “Morris, J. and F. Sherwin. 2010. The Fossil Record. Dallas, TX: Institute for Creation Research, 129 -78. “Benton, Vertebrate Paleontology, 39. ” Thank God for the excellent article from the Institute for Creation Research.

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

Sermons From Science -- Dec 2014 科学布道-2014年 12月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides and corresponding videos in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from different sources and in the Internet. May God have all the glory. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

Defend Your Home with Artificial Intelligence n n 保卫你的家用人 智能 The Popular Science October 2014 has an article on the above subject by Mac Irvine. He says, “You’re out of town for the weekend, and you want to keep tabs on your home. You could set up a sophisticated security system—with live video feeds, multiple sensors, and remote access—and suffer the hefty installation cost and monthly bills that come with it. Or, you could use Canary. “The all-in-one security system packs eight different environmental sensors into a single machine and arms it with artificial intelligence. It plugs directly into an outlet, connects to a network by Wi-Fi or ethernet, and begins logging sensor data within seconds of being taken out of the box.

Defend Your Home with Artificial Intelligence n n 保卫你的家用人 智能 “Once users start interacting with Canary, an algorithm learns their daily schedules, minimizing false alarms. A smartphone app enables users to review past events that were deemed suspect as well as a live video feed. “The device alerts users with a push notification when it detects unusual activity on any of its sensors, such as an abrupt crashing sound or unusual movement in the home. And thanks to machine learning, you’ll never have to worry about Canary mistaking your house pet for a home invader, or worse, the other way around. ”

Defend Your Home with Artificial Intelligence 保卫你的家用人 智能

Defend Your Home with Artificial Intelligence n n n 保卫你的家用人 智能 The Canary detects earthquakes by accelerometer; detects gas leaks by air-quality sensor; detects broken pipe by humidity sensor; detects home invasion by infrared motion sensor; detects window break by microphone; detects home invasion by night-vision; and detects fire by thermometer. With all these capabilities, the Canary costs $250. It is 6 inches high, 3 inches in diameter, and weighs 0. 83 lb. Thank God for the excellent reporting of Popular Science.

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

Sermons From Science -- Dec 2014 科学布道-2014年 12月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides and corresponding videos in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from different sources and in the Internet. May God have all the glory. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

The Buzz on Health Trackers 巴�健康跟踪器 n The Popular Science October 2014 has an article on the above subject by Peter Koch. He says, “This fall, Apple is expected to release its first major product since 2010—a health tracker unofficially dubbed the i. Watch—that will reportedly log a litany of biometric information using 10 different sensors. The wrist device will likely have the same aesthetic as the Nike Fuelband, Fit. Bit Flex, and the countless other fitness bands already available. With a rising number of wearables hitting the shelves, you’d better know what information is vital and how to make the most of it. ”

The Buzz on Health Trackers 巴�健康跟踪器

The Buzz on Health Trackers 巴�健康跟踪器

The Buzz on Health Trackers 巴�健康跟踪器 n n The biometric vitals include the following: “Step Detection: An algorithm translates an accelerator reading into distance traveled and helps estimate activity level and calories burned. Heathy Range: about 10, 000 steps per day. “Pulse: A sensor opposite an LED monitors fluctuations in light transmitted through your finger. The rise and fall of light indicates heart rate. Healthy Range: 60 -100 beats per minute. “Heart Rate Variability: A heart rate monitor measures the variation of beat-to-beat intervals. High variability is indicative of good health and a high level of fitness. Healthy Range: 18 -44 percent while resting.

The Buzz on Health Trackers 巴�健康跟踪器 n n n “Blood Oxygenation: A pulse oximeter detects the light absorption of hemoglobin to see how much oxygen reaches your extremities. That data helps athletes determine whether they’ve recovered fully from a workout. Healthy Range: 95 -99 percent. “Body Temperature: A thermometer that sits against the skin assesses surface temperature. Abnormal spikes or drops are early warning signs of sickness. Healthy Range: 97. 6 -99. 6 o. F. “Sleep: Sensitive 3 -D accelerometers detect small body movement during the night. When paired with continuous heart rate monitoring, it offers a rough idea of sleep stages—light, deep, and REM. Healthy Range: 7 -9 hours of sleep.

The Buzz on Health Trackers 巴�健康跟踪器 n n “Blood Sugar: Sensors measure glucose in skin fluid using infrared light or low-power radio waves. For diabetics, it’s a pinprick alternative. For others, it’s a way to see how diet affects health. Healthy Range: 80 -140 milligrams per deciliter. ” Thank God for the excellent reporting of Popular Science.

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

Sermons From Science -- Dec 2014 科学布道-2014年 12月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides and corresponding videos in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from different sources and in the Internet. May God have all the glory. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

The Bike That Never Needs Repairs n 决不需要修理的自行� The Popular Science October 2014 has an article on the above subject by Michael Nunez. He says, “Every mechanic knows that moving parts break down over time, and David Weiner, founder of Priority Bicycles, knows it better than most. Weiner spent six years as a bike mechanic in Walnut Creek, Calif. , near his hometown, and much of his job was spent fixing the same handful of problems: turning derailleurs, adjusting brakes, greasing chains, and replacing flat tires.

The Bike That Never Needs Repairs n n n 决不需要修理的自行� “Though Weiner eventually left his job for a career in software development, his love for bike maintenance never waned. Years later, after building financial and logistics management software for top-tier bike companies, he decided to fix the inefficiencies of bike maintenance once and for all. By custom-fitting a rust-proof, lightweight aluminum frame with extremely reliable parts and removing some hardware altogether, Weiner created something he’d always dreamt of—a maintenance-free bike. ” The bike has special features: “ 1. Internal Hub: Rather than a clanking derailleur system, a three-speed internally geared hub drives this bike. The hub allows the belt-drive to remain fixed to the rear wheel cog, so there are fewer issues with chain derailment.

The Bike That Never Needs Repairs 决不需要修理的自行�

The Bike That Never Needs Repairs n n 决不需要修理的自行� “ 2. Chain: Metal chains are susceptible to rust, plus they wear down and stretch over time. Belt drive systems last up to 10 times longer, never require grease, and afford a smoother ride. “ 3. Brakes: Cable brakes can lose tension over time and the pads can rub against the wheel. Coaster brakes are imbedded in the rear wheel and friction is only applied when the user pedals backward. “ 4. Tires: Puncture-resistant tires made with a flexible but tough breaker layer keeps objects from passing through. The bike also ships with a pump, so riders can easily keep their tires properly inflated. ” Thank God for the excellent reporting of Popular Science.

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝

Sermons From Science -- Dec 2014 科学布道-2014年 12月 Sermons from Science is now published in both You. Tube under the name “Pastor Chui” and also in Power. Point slides and corresponding videos in the website http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org. The contents of this presentation were taken from different sources and in the Internet. May God have all the glory. Pastor Chui http: //Christ. Center. Gospel. org ckchui 1@yahoo. com

Kicking Ice and Taking Names 踢冰和考�名称 n The Popular Science October 2014 has an article on the above subject by Neel V. Patel. He says, “To get a grip on climate change, researchers must go to where it’s changing fastest. Even in winter’s deep freeze, this 287 -foot steel vessel pulverizes ice floes to study greenhouse gas concentrations and ice melt at the poles. ‘Polarstern is able to take scientists to fantastic environments where other ships can’t, ’ says scientific coordinator Rainer Knust. Three decades of data from the icebreaker’s expeditions help climatologists better understand predict rates of change. In October, the ship will shove off with a new underwater drill capable of exploring the geology 250 feet below the Antarctic seafloor. ”

Kicking Ice and Taking Names 踢冰和考�名称

Kicking Ice and Taking Names 踢冰和考�名称 n n n Other interesting facts about the Polarstern: “ 20, 000 combined horsepower of the ship’s four diesel engines. “-58 minimum temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit, (50 degrees Celsius), at which Polarstern’s engines still function. “ 4. 92 thickness in feet, of ice it can break through while maintaining a speed of 5. 8 mph. (It can get through thicker ice by ramming. ) “ 1, 620, 000 miles Polarstern has traveled in its lifetime, equivalent to 67 circumnavigations of the Earth. ” Thank God for the excellent reporting of Popular Science.

n Gloria Deo 愿荣耀归上帝