Sergio Durand RAISE UP 1 Othering in ELT

Sergio Durand RAISE UP! 1

Othering in ELT materials: How to deal with it

Mayan kid? 3

-Audience -legitimate user 4

List of expectatations -Look -Social class -Accent -Age 5

During this talk we will: × × Define Othering Expand Spivak’s 3 forms of Othering See examples in ELT materials Discuss how to deal with it 6

Othering’ is the way members of one social group distance themselves from, or assert themselves over, another by construing the latter as being fundamentally different (the ‘Other’). 7 Thornbury, 2017

The process whereby a dominant group defines into existence an inferior group. (Schwalbe, 2000) 8

Spivak’s three forms of Othering 9

POWER How the powerful represents themselves and make the Other a subaltern 10

INFERIORITY How the Other is attached to negative, passive or problematic characteristics 11

KNOWLEDGE How knowledge and science are normally connected to the powerful and away from the Other. 12

INTERSECTIONALITY 13

Silenced voices 14

15

A few examples 16

The Man Who Moves Mountains. Greg Mortenson hates to be called a hero, but in the mountains of Pakistan and Afghanistan, that is what people call him. He has helped them to build more than sixty schools and this has changed the lives of many young people, especially the girls. But what first brought a WHITE AMERICAN MAN to this remote part of the world where tourists rarely go? 17 (Jones, Kay & Daniel, 2016)

The Great Eskimo Vocabulary Hoax How many words do Eskimos have for snow? In 1911 a book said there were four words. Some years later another book said there were seven. In 1940 Benjamin Whorf, an American linguist, said they have different words for snow because they see snow differently. 18 (Clandfield, 2012)

Explorers started to go to Everest in the early 20 th century and needed to rely on local people to give them information about the mountain […] Even though mountain explorers aren’t very similar to Sherpa guides and they don’t have much in common, they often become life-long friends after a climb because they know they couldn’t have done it without them. 19 (Healan & Gormley, 2015)

Volunteering in Africa: Peter Hanson is working for Volunteer Africa for a month. He is building a school in Tanzania with four other volunteers 20 (Jones, Kay & Daniel, 2016)

Gustavo Dudamel is one of the best in the world (orchestra conductor). But we are not in New York City, London or Vienna. We are in Caracas the capital of Venezuela 21 (Latham-Koening & Oxenden, 2016)

Let us speak 22

Models to follow 23

Discuss our own issues 24

Example of an activity: Las Patronas 25

1 Las Patronas @Las. Patronas We are a group of local women who got together as we saw an opportunity to help our migrant brothers and sisters. 2 Las Patronas @Las. Patronas Respect is a crucial thing in all our everyday activities, at school, at the office, in the countryside, on your way home, on your way to the market, especially if you want to find a better life. This defines what migratory movements are about. Respect! 3 Las Patronas @Las. Patronas Our migrant brothers and sisters get abused everywhere. At Las Patronas, we help our migrant friends instead. We cook at least 300 lunch boxes every day to our friends travelling on The Beast on its way to the North. 26

Raise Up 1: Working life 27

28

Life on the Farm 29

30

“Authentic education is not carried on by "A" for "B" or by "A" about "B, " but rather by "A" with "B, " mediated by the world—a world which impresses and challenges both parties, giving rise to views or opinions about it. ” Paulo Freire 31

References Spivak, G. C. (1985) The Rani of Sirmur: An essay in reading the archives, History and Theory 24, no. 3 247 -272. Healan, A. & Gormley, K. (2015) Close-up B 1 second edition. New York. Cengage-National Geographic Latham-Koening, C. & Oxenden, C. (2016) American English File 2. New York. Oxford University Press. Schwalbe M. (2000) Generic processes in the reproduction of inequality: An interactionist analysis. Social Forces 79, no. 2 (2000): 422. Jones, V. , Kay, S. , Daniel, B. (2016) Focus 2. London. Pearson. Clandfield, L. (2012) Global pre-intermediate. London. Macmillan 32

Thanks! Any questions? You can find me at: sivandurand@hotmail. com @Checo. Durand 33