Separation of Powers The United States government is
- Slides: 32
Separation of Powers The United States government is divided into three branches, each with different powers. Each branch is given some powers which enables it to “check” or limit the power of the other two branches. ¶ The Legislative Branch ¶ Congress, makes our laws ¶ The Executive Branch ¶ The President, enforces our laws ¶ The Judicial Branch ¶ The Supreme Court and Federal Courts, interpret our laws QUIT HOME
Executive Branch The White House, Home of the President and his family The nation’s Chief Executive is the President of the United States. Article 2 of the Constitution outlines the Powers and duties of the President. The President’s Cabinet is a group of people who George Washington head 14 executive departments. They serve as advisors to the President and help him carry out his duties. Learn about some Famous Past Presidents. QUIT HOME
Chief Executive ¶ President of The United States ¶Barack Obama ¶ Vice President of the United States ¶ Joseph Biden Four Year Term of Office Qualifications: 35 Years Old Natural born Citizen 14 year resident of the US QUIT Executive Branch HOME
Presidential Powers and Duties w Primary Powers w Chief Executive- decides how laws are enforced, w Chief of State - oversees running of the federal government w Chief Diplomat - Directs relations between the US and other nations w Makes treaties w Appoints ambassadors w Commander in Chief Continued on next page QUIT HOME
Presidential Powers and Duties page 2 w Additional Powers w Approves or vetoes(rejects) laws passed by Congress w Appoints Supreme Court Justices and all Federal Judges w Chooses cabinet members and officials to help run the government w Reports annually to Congress on the State of the Union QUIT HOME
The President’s Cabinet Heads of 14 Executive Departments Appointed by the President to help him carry out his duties §Secretary of State §Foreign affairs §Secretary of Defense §National defense Chuck Hagel John Kerry § Attorney General § Enforces laws § Heads Department of Justice Eric Holder QUIT §Secretary of Treasury §National finances Jack Lew Continued on next page HOME
The President’s Cabinet page 2 § Secretary of Agriculture § Farming issues and policies § Secretary of Transportation § Coast Guard, air traffic and highways § Secretary of Labor § Working conditions for the nation’s workforce § Secretary of Education § Education policies and student assistance § Secretary of Commerce § Business and trading QUIT Continued on next page. HOME
The President’s Cabinet page 3 w Secretary of Health and Human Services w Medical and social programs w Secretary of Housing and Urban Development w Urban planning and housing regulation w Secretary of Energy w Energy resource use and conservation w Secretary of Veteran’s Affairs w Issues related veterans and veteran benefits w Secretary of the Interior w National parks and natural resources QUIT HOME
Checks on Presidential Power w All treaties and Presidential appointments require approval by a 2/3 vote in the Senate w Budget - is allocated by Congress w Supreme Court can declare laws and actions unconstitutional w Veto of bill passed by Congress can be overridden by a 2/3 vote of both houses of Congress Continued on next page. QUIT HOME
Checks on Presidential Power: Impeachment w Can be Impeached : charged…with misconduct in office w treason, bribery or high crimes and misdemeanors are impeachable offenses w The House of Representatives has the power to impeach the President. w An impeached President is tried by the Senate, with the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court sitting as judge, to decide if he shall be removed from office. w Impeach means brought to trial, it does not mean removed from office QUIT HOME
Legislative Branch The Capitol, meeting place of Congress ÞCongress, the lawmakers ÞSenate ÞHouse of Representatives ÞPrimary Powers of Congress ÞAdditional Powers of Congress ÞChecks on Congressional Power QUIT HOME
Legislative Branch ÞSenate ÞLed by the Vice President of the United States Þ 100 Members , 6 year term Þ 2 Senators elected from each state Þ Majority Leader: Harry Reid Majority Leader Þ Leading and most important Senator Harry Reid Þ Approves treaties with foreign nations Þ Approves all Presidential appointments Þ Tries impeached officials Qualifications: • 30 years old QUIT • citizen for 9 years HOME
Legislative Branch ÞHouse of Representatives Þ Speaker of the House: John Boehner Þelected by majority party to lead the House Þ 435 members, 2 year terms John Boehner Þ state representation based on population Þ adjusted according to Census, taken every ten years Þ Originates all tax laws Þ Votes to impeach all federal officials Qualifications: • 25 years old QUIT • citizen for 7 years HOME
Powers of Congress ¶Primary Power: Making Laws ¶Laws passed by Congress apply to all people living in the United States ¶Both Houses of Congress must agree on all laws. ¶The President must approve all bills passed by Congress before they become laws. QUIT HOME
Additional Powers of Congress § § Declare War Establish Post Office Create Courts Coin and Print Money § Establish Citizenship guidelines § Regulate Foreign Trade § Control Interstate Trade §Elastic, or “necessary and proper clause” §Congress has the power to do anything necessary and proper to carrying out its duties. Congress has been able to expand its power to deal with issues unforseen in 1789. QUIT HOME
Checks on Congressional Power Ø Presidential Veto Power Ø Presidential power of Line Item Veto Ø power to veto items in spending bills that do not support national interests (declared unconstitutional in 1998). Ø Supreme Court power of Judicial Review Ø the power to interpret laws and declare them unconstitutional Since Congress is such a large group, it is less likely to abuse its powers than the other two branches and requires fewer “checks. ” QUIT HOME
The Judicial Branch of the United States Government is composed of one Supreme Court and lower federal Courts. The Supreme Court interprets laws using a power called Judicial Review. The Jurisdiction of the Judicial Branch includes original cases and appeals. Both the President and Congress have powers to “check” the Judicial Branch. QUIT HOME
The Judicial Branch Supreme Court Justices The Supreme Court is made up of one Chief Justice and 8 associate justices Chief Justice John Roberts Justices: Back row (left to right): Sonia Sotomayor, Stephen G. Breyer, Samuel A. Alito, and Elena Kagan. Front row (left to right): Clarence Thomas, Antonin Scalia, Chief Justice John G. Roberts, Anthony Kennedy, and Ruth Bader Ginsburg . . QUIT Continued on next page. HOME
The Judicial Branch Justices and Judges § Qualifications: § § QUIT Candidates are chosen by the President are subject to approval by the Senate. § Experience, legal views and political views are considered during the approval process Once appointed, federal judges hold their position during good behavior, for life. HOME
The Judicial Branch Judicial Review b. Primary Function: bto interpret the Constitution and the meaning of laws of the United States b. Judicial Review b. The power of the Supreme Court to interpret the meaning and Constitutionality of laws passed by Congress Once a law has been declared unconstitutional by the Court, it can be made legal by an amendment to the Constitution or by a new Supreme Court decision. QUIT HOME
The Judicial Branch Jurisdiction b. Original Jurisdiction: b. Cases heard first by the Supreme Court bcases involving ambassadors, states and foreign nations b. Appellate Jurisdiction bappeals from state courts, federal circuit courts of appeals, and courts of Puerto Rico and the District of Columbia QUIT HOME
Checks on The Judicial Branch o Justices are appointed by the President and approved by a 2/3 vote in the Senate. o Congress determines the number of judges on the Supreme Court and created new lower courts as needed. o Judges can be impeached by the House of Representatives. o The President can pardon people convicted in Federal Court. QUIT Judicial Branch HOME
Checks and Balances Laws passed by Congress can be declared unconstitutional by the Court The Senate must approve the President’s choices for judges Congress Makes laws Congress can impeach Judges Congress must approve Presidential appointments and treaties The President can veto bills passed by Congress can impeach the President Justices are appointed by the President The Supreme Court Interprets and judges laws QUIT Presidential actions can be declared unconstitutional The President Approves and enforces laws HOME
Famous Past Presidents ¶ George Washington ¶ Thomas Jefferson ¶ Andrew Jackson ¶ Abraham Lincoln ¶ Theodore Roosevelt ¶ Franklin Roosevelt ¶ John F. Kennedy ¶ Richard Nixon QUIT HOME
George Washington § Revolutionary War General § Elected in 1789 § First President § Inaugurated in New York § Set example for future Presidents § Whiskey Rebellion § No ties to political party QUIT HOME
Abraham Lincoln ¬ Elected in 1860, 64 ¬ Events ¬Secession of Southern States ¬Formation of the Confederacy ¬Civil War 1861 -65 ¬Assassination April 14, 1865 John Wilkes Booth QUIT HOME
Richard Nixon § Elected in 1968, 1972 § Vice President 1952 -60 § Events § Détente with USSR § Diplomatic relations with China § Ended Vietnam War § Apollo 11 Moon landing § Economic Inflation § Watergate § Resignation QUIT HOME
Franklin Delano Roosevelt § Elected 1932, 36, 40, 44 § Events The Great Depression New Deal Program Fireside Chats Support of England fighting Hitler § Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor § World War II § Died in Office § § QUIT HOME
John F. Kennedy § Elected in 1960 § Promised a “New Frontier” § Inaugural Address § Events: § § § § QUIT Cuban missile Crisis Civil Rights Crisis in Little Rock, Arkansas Created the Peace Corps Encouraged the Space Program Assassinated Nov. 22, 1963 in Dallas, Texas Presidents Page Click to hear President Kennedy Speak HOME
Thomas Jefferson § Author of the Declaration of Independence § Elected in 1800 and 1804 § Peaceful transition of power from the Federalist § to the Republican Party § Louisiana Purchase § Doubled the Size of the US § Explored by Lewis and Clark § Added vast new farmlands and natural resources § Foreign Affairs dominated by Napoleonic Wars QUIT HOME
Andrew Jackson § Hero of the Battle of New Orleans – War of 1812 § Elected in 1824 and 1828 § Democratic Party § Opponents formed the Whig Party § First President from a western state § Tennessee § Introduced the Spoils System § Champion of the ”Common Man” § Events of his Presidency § Removal of the Indians – Trail of Tears § Battle over Tariff and States Rights § South Carolina threatened Secession § Destruction of the Bank of the United States QUIT HOME
Theodore Roosevelt § Governor of New York § Assumed Presidency on the death of Mc. Kinley in 1900 § Elected in 1904 § Trustbuster – suits against monopolies § Conservation § Protected forests and water sites from § public sale § “Policeman” of the Caribbean § corollary to the Monroe Doctrine § “Speak softly and carry a big stick” § Winner of Nobel Peace Prize § Negotiated end to the Russo Japanese War QUIT HOME
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