Separation of Mixtures 1 1 Mixtures Many mixtures

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Separation of Mixtures 1 1

Separation of Mixtures 1 1

Mixtures Many mixtures contain useful substances n Examples of mixtures include air, sea water,

Mixtures Many mixtures contain useful substances n Examples of mixtures include air, sea water, water in reservoirs and crude oil n Different types of methods are used to separate mixtures n 2

5 Common Separation Methods: Magnetic attraction n Filtration n Evaporation n Distillation n Paper

5 Common Separation Methods: Magnetic attraction n Filtration n Evaporation n Distillation n Paper chromatography n Physical methods 3

Magnetic Attraction Can be used to separate magnetic materials from those that are not

Magnetic Attraction Can be used to separate magnetic materials from those that are not attracted by magnets n Used in food processing and salvaging scrap iron and steel n 4

What is Filtration? n Used to separate an insoluble solid from a solidliquid mixture

What is Filtration? n Used to separate an insoluble solid from a solidliquid mixture residue filtrate 5

Uses of Filtration Vacuum cleaners n Coffee makers n Water treatment n filter paper

Uses of Filtration Vacuum cleaners n Coffee makers n Water treatment n filter paper Filter jugs are used to prepare fresh coffee. 6

Evaporation n Used to separate a dissolved solid from a solid-liquid mixture residue 7

Evaporation n Used to separate a dissolved solid from a solid-liquid mixture residue 7

Uses of Evaporation n To obtain salt from sea water 8

Uses of Evaporation n To obtain salt from sea water 8

Distillation n Used to separate a pure liquid from a solid-liquid or liquid-liquid mixture

Distillation n Used to separate a pure liquid from a solid-liquid or liquid-liquid mixture distillate 9

Uses of Distillation To make perfumes n Desalination plant n To make distilled water

Uses of Distillation To make perfumes n Desalination plant n To make distilled water (pure H 2 O) n 10

Fractional Distillation Used to separate more than two liquids in a mixture of miscible

Fractional Distillation Used to separate more than two liquids in a mixture of miscible liquids n Oil refineries use fractional distillation to separate crude oil into useful product such as petrol, diesel and kerosene n 11

Paper Chromatography Used to separate small amounts of mixtures n Uses a stationary phase

Paper Chromatography Used to separate small amounts of mixtures n Uses a stationary phase (such as filter paper) and a mobile phase (such as water) n Makes use of the fact that different substances dissolve to different extent in a mixture n Used to separate mixtures of pigments found in inks n 12

Paper chromatography is used to identify the contents of a mixture or to test

Paper chromatography is used to identify the contents of a mixture or to test the purity of a liquid. Different substances in the mixture are separated on the chromatography paper. 13

Uses of Paper Chromatography To find the dyes used in ink n To find

Uses of Paper Chromatography To find the dyes used in ink n To find the dyes used in food n 14

Other Separation Methods n n Manual Separation – physically separate parts of a mixture

Other Separation Methods n n Manual Separation – physically separate parts of a mixture using your fingers n Used to separate the red M&Ms from the rest of the M&Ms Sifting – use a sieve or sifter to separate larger solids from smaller ones n Used to sift flour in order to separate the larger particles from the smaller ones 15

Other Separation Methods (cont. ) n Decanting – pouring off a less dense top

Other Separation Methods (cont. ) n Decanting – pouring off a less dense top liquid layer n Used to separate oil & water 16

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