Sentences Writing sentences that make sense A sentence

Sentences Writing sentences that make sense!

A sentence is also known as an “independent clause” and consists of two separate parts: the SUBJECT the PREDICATE

Subjects & Predicates • The complete subject of a sentence includes all the words that tell who or what the subject is. • The complete predicate includes all the words that state the action or condition of the subject. EXAMPLE: The dusty old car / won’t start anymore subject predicate

• Zeus won’t let mortals have power, so they got mad at him. • Hope was considered an evil, yet it inspired mortals to try to overcome odds anyway. • Women are a beautiful evil, but men loved them anyway. • Pandora was the first woman in Greek mythology, so she was responsible for unleashing all the

Simple Sentences Compound Subject Elizabeth and Anthony got As on the vocabulary test S V Compound Predicate Sabrina took skiing lessons and went snorkeling last vacation S V V Compound Subject and Predicate Gus and Chris studied for the test and wrote their essays S V V

Practice: Simple Sentences With a partner, create one of each type of these simple sentences: As a result, you will each have three original sentences total in your notes • 1 SS with Compound Subject (1 minute) • 1 SS with Compound Predicate (1 minute) • 1 SS with Compound Subject AND Compound Predicate (2 minutes)

Sentence Review Simple Sentence: verb The boy threw the ball Subject Predicate

Independent Clauses • A simple sentence is also known as an independent clause– that means it can stand on its own because it has a clear subject and predicate. Example: The chef created a sumptuous meal Subject Predicate for his diners. Prepositional phrase adds additional details

Compound Sentences • Two Independent Clauses (clauses that can stand alone as a sentence) combined into one sentence using proper punctuation and conjunctions.

Think of joining two independent clauses like two trains heading toward each other on the same track…

Without a link, what will happen? With sentences or ideas? . . Confusion With trains…. Uh Oh! Adam is a sweet boy he really loves animals. His father works at a zoo and he leaves for work in the morning he works all day but calls home twice once in the morning and again after lunch just to check in on him and his little brother Adam got his sweetness from his mother she is a baker in a donut shop. Ha ha ha ha Do you get why he is so sweet his mother works in a bake shop consequently Adam is a sweet boy? I bet he likes candy and brownies too.

The Link!! There actually THREE ways to make a compound sentence! They’re all based on the rule of combining two independent clauses The way you join them can change!

Compound Sentences Two independent clauses joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction Ex: Emma is talented at drawing, so she illustrates all of her notes.

Coordinating Conjunctions For And N or But Or Yet So

Method 1 Two independent clauses joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction Ex: Garret’s performance art show opened today, and the crowd was immense. Ex: Ruby wanted to buy a French bulldog puppy, so she started saving her money

Your Turn With a neighbor, create a compound sentence using Method 1. Remember, you need to use a coordinating conjunction (or “FANBOYS” word) to join your two independent clauses (2 mins)

Coordinating Conjunctions Using any of these conjunctions in a compound sentence has a very specific meaning: and means in addition but, yet means in contrast for means because nor means not either or means either, a choice so means as a result

A Word of Caution! • BE CAREFUL: Then, also, and plus are not coordinating conjunctions. By themselves, they cannot join two ideas.

Some Examples Result: Josh doesn’t like mushrooms or peas, so he refused to eat his dinner. Because: Jane was stranded in the street, for her car broke down. Result: We failed to complete the task, so we now have to do it for homework.

You Try! • We couldn’t play basketball. It was snowing outside. • The kids woke up late. They were late for school. • We wanted to go sledding. It was too cold outside.

Practice • Pick one of these conjunctions to create compound sentences using Method 1 (2 mins) (try to avoid using “and”)

Method 2 Two independent clauses joined by a semicolon Ex. It’s too hot inside my apartment; let’s go to the lake. Ex. This was a beautiful autumn; the colors of the leaves were stunning.

What’s a Semi-Colon? • A semi-colon joins two independent clauses to create a compound sentence • A semi-colon is used in place where a conjunction has been left out. Example: I used to think semi-colons could only be used to send winks via text messages; I now see their relevance in creating compound sentences. ; )

Your Turn With a neighbor, using facts from the two myths our groups recently read (“The Blue Corn Maiden” & “The Origins of the Seasons”), create an original compound sentence using METHOD 2 (2 mins) Independent clause + ; + Independent clause = Method 2

Creating Compound Sentences: Method 3 Two independent clauses joined by a semicolon and a conjunctive adverb A conjunctive adverb can join two main clauses. In this situation, the conjunctive adverb behaves like a coordinating conjunction, connecting two complete ideas. Notice, however, that you need a semicolon, not a comma, to connect the two clauses

Recognize a Conjunctive Adverb When You See One • Conjunctions have one job, to connect. They join words, phrases, or clauses together to clarify what the writer is saying. Their presence provides smooth transitions from one idea to another. • When the job of an adverb is to connect ideas, we call it a conjunctive adverb.

(some) Conjunctive Adverbs accordingly still furthermoreover similarly however nevertheless besides incidentally indeed nonetheless therefore consequently instead thus finally likewise otherwise undoubtedly further meanwhile

SOME EXAMPLES OF COMPOUND SENTENCES USING METHOD 3 MAIN CLAUSE + ; + conjunctive adverb + , + MAIN CLAUSE. Ex. It rained heavily in the afternoon; however, Sarah managed to have the picnic anyway. Ex. Liam couldn't make it to the summit and back before dark; therefore, he decided to camp for the night

Compound Sentence Practice! With a neighbor, write your own sentence describing events from your weekend using Method 3 (3 mins) METHOD 3: MAIN CLAUSE + ; + conjunctive adverb + , + MAIN CLAUSE.

When do you use them? Each method has a different application. Methods 1 and 3 emphasize relationship and cause-effect Method 2 is for two related ideas that do not need an explicit link