Sentences Clauses Simple Compound Complex and CompoundComplex Sentences

Sentences Clauses Simple, Compound, Complex, and Compound-Complex Sentences

Clauses • https: //www. brainpop. com/english/gram mar/sentencefragments/ • Clauses are what make up sentences! • Any description of someone or something performing an action

Independent Clauses • An independent clause is a part of a sentence that can stand alone because it contains a subject and a verb and expresses a complete thought • Independent clause = complete sentence • Ex. When Rita the sorceress cast her spell, Moby turned into a newt. • “Moby turned into a newt” is an independent clause. It could stand on its own as a complete sentence.

Dependent Clauses • A dependent clause contains a subject and a verb but does NOT express a complete thought • Dependent clause = NOT a complete sentence • Ex. When Rita the sorceress cast her spell, Moby turned into a newt. • “When Rita the sorceress cast her spell” is a dependent clause. It cannot stand on its own as a sentence. It is a fragment.

Practice • Underline the independent clause in each sentence. Remember, independent clauses can stand on their own as a complete sentence!! • 1. Thomas is a veterinarian who makes house calls. • 2. With skilled expertise, they help sick pets. • 3. People count on them to make their animals well. • 4. I want to be like them when I grow up.

Practice • Underline the dependent clause in each sentence. Remember, a dependent clause is a fragment! • 1. My friend, who does not have a dog, loves to play with mine. • 2. I don’t know what happened yesterday. • 3. Wherever Mason goes, he is loved. • 4. If you agree to help, I won’t forget it.

• Independent and Dependent Clauses • Independent Clauses, Dependent Clauses, and Fragments

Practice • Circle either independent clause or dependent clause to describe the underlined words in each sentence. • 1. Alaska entered the union in 1959 as the 49 th state. independent clause • 2. Juneau is Alaska’s state capital, but Anchorage is the most populous city. independent clause • 3. If you would like to visit Juneau, you would have to fly on an airplane. independent clause

Simple Sentences • Definition: A simple sentence has only one subject and one predicate (verb). It expresses a single complete thought. • Simple sentence = ONE independent clause

One subject I love you. One verb Independent clause: only one subject and one verb

Examples of Simple Sentences 1. The baby cried for food. ^There is a subject and a verb that expresses a complete thought. 2. Professor Maple’s intelligent students completed and turned in their homework. ^ A simple sentence does not necessarily have to be short. In this case, there are two verbs “completed” and “turned in. ” However, the sentence expresses one complete thought and therefore is a simple sentence.

Compound Sentences • Definition: A compound sentence is two independent clauses, or two simple sentences, joined together.

Compound Sentences • The 2 simple sentences can be joined 2 different ways: F – for • 1. by a comma and a conjunction (FANBOYS) • I went to the store, and I bought lots of cookies. • 2. by a semicolon • I went to the store; I bought lots of cookies. A – and N – nor B – but O – or Y – yet S – so • Compound sentence = Independent clause + independent clause

Independent clause I love you, and you love me. Independent clause Two independent clauses joined together

Examples of Compound Sentences 1. The shoplifter had stolen clothes, so he ran once he saw the police. ^Both sides of the conjunction “so” are complete sentences. “The shoplifter had stolen clothes” can stand alone and so can “he ran once he saw the police. ” Therefore, this is a compound sentence. 2. They spoke to him in Spanish, but he responded in English. ^This is also a compound sentence that uses a conjunction to separate two independent clauses.

Simple or Compound? https: //www. yo utube. com/wat ch? v=24 V 78 t. Ti 4 L 8 • 1. Katy’s vacation to Hawaii was splendid. • 2. She took tours of Oahu, Maui, and Kauai. • 3. Visiting three islands was exhausting, but she loved every minute of it. • 4. The favorite part of the trip was swimming with the dolphins. • 5. The gentle creatures snickered, and they seemed to invite her to play. • 6. Dolphins are very intelligent, social creatures.

Complex Sentences • Definition: A complex sentence is a simple sentence (independent clause) to which a part of a sentence (dependent clause) has been added • A complex sentence always has a subordinating conjunction (after, although, as, because, if, since, though, unless, until, when, while, who, that, which) • Complex Sentence = Independent Clause + Subordinating Conjunction + Dependent Clause

Dependent clause Because you love me, I love you. Independent clause A dependent clause joined to an independent clause. (The dependent clause needs the rest of the sentence for support. )

Examples of Complex Sentences 1. After eating lunch at The Cheesecake Factory, Tim went to the gym to exercise. ^ The independent clause is “Tim went to the gym to exercise. ” The dependent clause is “After eating lunch at The Cheesecake Factory. ” If one were to say “after eating lunch at The Cheesecake Factory” by itself, it would be an incomplete thought. 2. The woman who taught Art History 210 was fired for stealing school supplies. ^ The dependent clause in this sentence is “who taught Art History 210” because if removed, the rest of the sentence would stand as an independent clause.

Compound-Complex Sentences • Definition: A compound-complex sentence has at least two independent clauses and at least one dependent clause • Compound-Complex = Independent clause + independent clause + dependent clause

Dependent clause Because we are a family, I love you, and you love me. 2 independent clauses A dependent clause added to two or more independent clauses

Example of Compound. Complex 1. After the two soccer players lost their game, they joined their other teammates for lunch, and they went to the movies. ^ This sentences has TWO independent clauses as well as ONE dependent clause. If we remove the dependent clause “after the two soccer players lost their game, ” it would be a compound sentence. The dependent clause makes this sentence compound-complex. 2. We all went to the store, but Gary, who felt sick, went back home. ^The two independent clauses are “We all went to the store” and “Gary went back home. ” The dependent clause is “who felt sick. ”

Complex or Compound. Complex? • 1. Sally joined the marching band, but Susan joined the basketball team because she is more athletic. • 2. Although the girls would not be in the same activity, they were both very excited about the new experiences. • 3. Sally and Susan really did notice how much they missed each other until the school year started. • 4. Even though the girls didn’t see each other often, they remained friends, and they always introduced one another to new people. • 5. Sally worked hard with the marching band, which made her parents proud. • 6. Sally, who had joined the drum section, played at Susan’s basketball games, and the crowd loved it.

Identifying the Kinds of Sentences. For each sentence, write Simple, Compound, Complex, or Compound. Complex to show what kind it is. 1. These jogging shoes are canvas and suede. _________________ 2. Wicked Regina cast a spell on the entire city, so the citizens decided to rebel. _________________ 3. The reporter asked if she could arrange an interview. _________________ 4. People spend one third of their lives asleep, which is so crazy to me! ________________

5. The mysterious burglary, which baffled the police for years, has finally been solved, and justice will now be served. _________________ 6. As she presented the awards, the principal congratulated us. __________________ 7. After the teacher chose groups, John and Sara were selected as partners for a project, yet Sarah did most of the work. ______________________ 8. The union met with its members, and they accepted the contract. _____________________

Brain POP Video: Review • https: //www. brainpop. com/english/writing/clauses/