Sentenced Part 1 On the Chain Gang Chaining

Sentenced! Part 1 On the Chain Gang -Chaining Words Together to Create Correct Sentences

Verbs The core or nucleus of every sentence is a verb.

Verbs That means it is the most important part, and you cannot have a sentence without at least one verb that is doing the job of a verb.

The Jobs of Verbs 1. Add information about people, places, things, events, and so forth. 2. Indicate the time of the message. (Tense)

Note about Verbs A verb can be either a single word or a set of words. “Many birds live near brooks. ” “That homing pigeon has flown back to Utah from Mexico. ”

Verbs Add Information _____has been lying (in the street)(for three weeks). _____ received all A’s. ______ ate eight Big Macs and three orders (of fries). Who or what?

Verbs Show Time _____ is a secret agent. _____ was a secret agent. ______ will be a secret agent. _______ has been a secret agent. Who or what? = Subject

Verbs Show Time _____ runs six miles a day. _____ ran six miles a day. _____ will run six miles a day. _____ has run six miles a day. Who or what? = Subject

The Subject the wording (usually coming before the verb) that a verb adds information about

The Subject The Job of the subject is to occupy the “territory” (usually) before the verb and answer (or ask) who or what. Who? What?

Nouns and Their Replacers Higher Pay for Nouns! The importance of the jobs of nouns is second only to the importance of the jobs of verbs.

Nouns and Their Replacers The Test for Finding Nouns: Say THE before each word (outside the sentence). If it “fits, ” and if the word’s meaning does not change, the word is a noun. This won’t work for Proper nouns -- look for the capital letters.

Nouns and Their Replacers Practice the Test for Finding Nouns: The dog jumped over the orange cow. (Remember that the word shouldn’t change meaning when “the, a, an” is placed in front of it. ) Louie gently coaxed the pig into its pen.

Noun Jobs As subject (usually before the verb) As an object of a verb Sunshine has warmth. As an object of a preposition Shaylene came with friends.

Noun Replacers 1. Pronouns -- Personal you he she it we they 2. Others -his yours theirs someone nothing anybody everything many few another both either some etc. that those this these

Sentenced! Part 2 On the Chain Gang -Chaining Words Together to Create Correct Sentences

Reminder The core or nucleus of every sentence is a verb which adds information and indicates time.

A Synonym A verb may also be called a predicate.

Reminder The Job of the subject is to occupy the “territory” (usually) before the verb and answer (or ask) who or what. Who? What?

Sentence a subject (shown or “implied”) + a verb (that is adding information about the subject) = complete thought A sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. It will begin with a capital letter and end with a punctuation mark.

Examples of Sentences Dinner was good. Can you go to the mall with me? Get me some popcorn. What a great game that was!

About Clauses No, not that kind of Claus!

About Clauses Subject + Verb = Clause A clause is a group of words that has a subject and a verb (predicate).

Changing the Topic? Are you independent or dependent?

Independent or Dependent? In other words, can you stand on your own in life?

An Independent Person An independent person can stand on his or her own -- lift his or her own “weight. ”

An Independent Clause An independent clause can stand on its own.

About Clauses Subject + Verb = Clause A clause is a group of words that has a subject and a verb (predicate).

A Dependent Person A dependent person needs help or care or basics provided for him or her.

A Dependent Clause A dependent clause needs an independent clause joined to it. A dependent clause can not stand on its own.

About Clauses Subject + Verb = Clause A clause is a group of words that has a subject and a verb (predicate).

A Dependent Clause A dependent clause has a subject and a verb (predicate), but does not express a complete thought.

A Dependent Clause Examples: -- that you will succeed -- before she went to the mall -- where I have laid my watch down

What makes a Clause Dependent? A word is added to the front of the clause. -- before she went to the mall -- where I have laid my watch down

Complex Sentence When you combine a dependent clause with an independent clause, you have a complex sentence.

Complex Sentence If the dependent clause comes first, use a comma ( , ) to separate it from the rest of the sentence.

Dependent or Independent? Where the candy was. We never gave the other team a chance. Because I won the contest. Will you help me clean up my room?

Sentenced! Part 3 On the Chain Gang -Chaining Words Together to Create Correct Sentences

Why Worry About Sentences? Why should we worry about using complete, correct sentences in our writing?

Why Worry About Sentences? What reasons can you think of? Who would like to be a scribe?

Why Worry About Sentences?

Why Worry About Sentences? To make sense Use them every day Organization The way we talk The way we write Not confused B 1

Why Worry About Sentences? Used every day B 2 Get into college Don’t Act like gangsters Don’t sound stupid So we can communicate with people So Ms. Dorsey won’t get mad Know what we’re trying to say

Why Worry About Sentences? It makes sense To not be a hick To get a good grade To get a job

Why Worry About Sentences? A 1 So people can understand us. So you can get a good grade. So we can sound educated.

Why Worry About Sentences? A 2 So people will understand We don’t want to talk like Tarzan. Get a good education Can speak with a variety of people

Why Worry About Sentences?

Non-Sentences To the left you see a non-human. Below you see some non-sentences: o green alien o although he seems friendly and cute o that humans look strange

Phrases One possible type of non-sentences are PHRASES. These are groups of words that do not contain both a subject and a verb.

Phrases One popular phrase is “Merry Christmas!”

Phrases Here are some other phrases: red glass ornaments has been hanging on the artificial tree the tall teenage boy without a ladder

Just for Fun Can you answer this question? What do a cat on a beach and Christmas have in common?

Just For Fun The answer is this: They both have “Sandy Claus/claws”!

Back to Work on the Chain Gang! Can you explain what a clause is? No, not “Claus, ” but “clause. ”

Back to Work on the Chain Gang! Reminder: When is a clause not a sentence -a nonsentence?

Back to Work on the Chain Gang! Reminder: What is a phrase?

Three Major Types of Non. Sentences a fragment a run-on a comma-splice

Fragments A sentence fragment is a piece of a sentence. It cannot stand on its own and make sense.

Fragments Examples: Went to theme park yesterday We on the biggest roller coaster My whole family Because I wanted cotton candy _____ A sentence fragment can be a phrase or a clause (or a single word).

Run-On’s A run-on sentence contains two complete thoughts that are not joined properly.

Run-On’s Examples: It is cold out I don’t want to wear my heavy coat. Becca will pick me up we’ll go ice skating. ______ A run-on will be made up of two (or more) independent clauses.

Comma Splices A comma-splice is made up of two sentences joined by a comma. It also is a nonsentence!

Comma Splices Examples: Our team practiced every afternoon, we practiced for an hour. The coach gave the team a pep talk, they played better after that. ------A comma-splice will be made up of two (or more) independent clauses.

Sentenced! Part 4 On the Chain Gang -Chaining Words Together to Create Correct Sentences

Back to Basics A sentence must have a verb. A sentence also needs a subject, but that may be shown or implied. (Put the yarn down, and step away from the mouse with your paws up. )

Back to Basics Sentences are made up of individual words, phrases, and clauses. Of course, a sentence will also start with a capital letter and end with an end punctuation mark.

Back to Basics A phrase is a sentence part made up of more than one word. A clause is a sentence part that has both a subject and a verb.

Back to Basics An independent clause has both a subject and a verb, and can stand on its own as a complete sentence. A dependent clause has both a subject and a verb, but cannot stand on its own, usually because something has been added to it.

Dependent or Independent? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. I was surprised. Since she was late. That Ms. Dorsey gave a quiz today. But the snack bar is closed. Sierra rushed to class. Tyler is hungry.

Dependent or Independent? 1. I was surprised that Ms. Dorsey gave a quiz today. 2. Since she was late, Sierra rushed to class. 3. Tyler is hungry, but the snack bar is closed.

Three Major Types of Non. Sentences a fragment a run-on a comma-splice These are crimes against grammar!

Crimes Against Grammar! A fragment is a set of words that does not present a complete thought.

Crimes Against Grammar! A run-on is two complete sentences (two independent clauses) that have been shoved together without being properly joined.

Crimes Against Grammar! A comma-splice is two complete sentences (two independent clauses) that have been shoved together with just a comma inbetween.

Crimes Against Grammar! These are actually criminals that can be reformed! There are ways to fix fragments, run-ons, and commasplices!

Legal Ways to Create Sentences 1. Simple Sentence 2. Compound Sentence 3. Complex Sentence Remember?

Legal Ways to Create Sentences 1. Simple Sentence = noun + verb

Legal Ways to Create Sentences 1. Simple Sentence = noun + verb Example: Mr. Christensen is leaving. Make up another example.

Legal Ways to Create Sentences 2. Compound Sentence Two independent clauses (complete sentences) are joined together with appropriate conjunctions and punctuation.

Legal Ways to Create Sentences 2. Compound Sentence Mr. Christensen is leaving, and the students are sad. Make up another compound sentence.

Legal Ways to Create Sentences 2. Complex Sentence A dependent clause and an independent clause are joined together with appropriate conjunctions and punctuation.

Legal Ways to Create Sentences 2. Complex Sentence Example: After Mr. Christensen leaves, school won’t be as fun. (or) School won’t be as fun after Mr. Christensen leaves.

Legal Ways to Create Sentences 2. Complex Sentence Example: Create your own example, and write it first with the dependent clause first, and then with the dependent clause last.

Legal Ways to Create Sentences 2. Complex/ Compound Sentence: Dependent Clause + two independent clauses, or. . .

Legal Ways to Create Sentences Example: Since Mr. Christensen was such a great student teacher, the students got better grades, and Ms. Dorsey wasn’t as stressed as usual. Complex/ Compound Sentence

Legal Ways to Create Sentences Create your own example of a compound/ complex sentence. Complex/ Compound Sentence