Sentence Structure NOTES The Basic Sentence SV Pattern

Sentence Structure NOTES

The Basic Sentence » S-V Pattern • Every sentence must have two parts: a Subject and a VERB • The Subject has to be a noun, or something that acts like a noun, which can be a) A noun b) A pronoun c) A noun clause (a group of words that act as if they were all together one thing, like a noun “Whoever is finished the exam can leave. ” Notice that this is the same kind of sentence as “John can leave”. “Whichever horse reaches the finish line first wins. Same as He wins.

S-V Pattern d) A verbal ( a verb that we use as if it were a noun) Stealing is wrong. Skiing is expensive. To steal is wrong. To ski is expensive. • Swimming is fun. To swim is fun. You can have a compound subject. John and Mary were arguing. My feet, my back, and my head ache. • The shortest sentence you can make is one word, but that only works for commands. “Leave!” “Stop!” “Quiet. ”

F. Y. I. : Four kinds of sentences 1. Declarative: makes a statement ( declares something). “It is raining. ” “I am tired. ” 2. Exclamatory: same as declarative sentences, but with more emotion. “ I hate this!”, “ He’s a jerk!” 3. Interrogative: asks a question. (interrogate) “Is it raining? ”, “Are you tired? ” 4. Imperative: gives an order: (imperially, like an emperor)“Rake the leaves. ”, “Wash the dishes. ”

Two Word Sentences • In your group, try to come up with FIVE, two word sentences.

S-V-o Pattern • Transitive • Linking VERBS These verbs need an object to complete their message. v “The dog bit…. ” needs more information – or an object- “The dog bit Mrs. Jiles” we now understand that the action of the biting was Mrs. Jiles. (Transitive Verb) v “My teacher is Mr. Smith. ” again, “My teacher is…” doesn’t tell us much. So we would continue by adding the object of who it is that teaches. (Linking Verb)

S-V-o-io Pattern • Sometimes, we still need more information to complete a thought. Jenny gave a dollar to the man. S V O IO (indirect object) or Jenny gave the man a dollar. S V IO O Notice when we move the IO before the O the word “to” disappears. • A dollar – is called the direct object , or in this case, “the object” because that is the thing most affected by the giving- the thing in her hand being given. But the man is being affected by her giving, too. He is the indirect object. • Indirect objects usually have the word “to” in front of it ( I sent a letter to her. ) • OR you can add the word “to” in your head ( I sent her a letter. )

S-V-o-io Pattern • Occaisionally, you will find that “to” doesn’t work, but adding the preposition “for” will work and you will find that by doing this it will reveal the indirect object. – She did a favour for me. – She did me a favour. » Me is the indirect object – I baked a cake for Jim. – I baked Jim a cake. » Jim is the indirect object.

S-V-o-io Pattern • In your group, come up with 3 examples of S-V-o-io Pattern Complete #3 of your basic sentence building sheet. Your homework will be Grammar worksheet #2 due tomorrow.

Practice Sentences 1. Jennifer gave the money to Paul. 2. He sent a message to you. 3. I wrote my grandmother a letter. 4. The pitcher threw the ball to Joe. 5. Jessica told a secret to me. 6. He did a favour for us. 7. Her parents threw a party for Susie. 8. My friends saved me a seat. 9. We mailed the parcel to Aunt Ellen. 10. We rode our bicycles to the park.

1. Jennifer gave the money to Paul. 2. He sent a message to you. 3. I wrote my grandmother a letter. 4. The pitcher threw the ball to Joe. 5. Jessica told a secret to me. 6. He did a favour for us. 7. Her parents threw a party for Susie. 8. My friends saved me a seat. 9. We mailed the parcel to Aunt Ellen. 10. We rode our bicycles to the park.

More PRACTICE! 1. Pizza, I love. 2. I hate spinach. 3. Are you Mr. Mc. Lean? 4. To his girlfriend, Shane gave a ring. 5. A ring, Shane gave his girlfriend. 6. A ring, to his girlfriend, gave Shane. 7. I should have decided to do my homework. 8. I am going to try to help you. 9. You, I want to help; 10. A surprise for their teacher the class was planning.

More ANSWERS! 1. Pizza, I love. 2. I hate spinach. 3. Are you Mr. Mc. Lean? 4. To his girlfriend, Shane gave a ring. 5. A ring, Shane gave his girlfriend. 6. A ring, to his girlfriend, gave Shane. 7. I should have decided to do my homework. 8. I am going to try to help you. 9. You, I want to help. 10. A surprise for their teacher the class was planning.