SENTENCE STRUCTURE FRAGMENTS AND RUNONS What are three

SENTENCE STRUCTURE FRAGMENTS AND RUN-ONS

What are three things that every grammatically complete sentence needs?

REVIEW THE SIMPLE SENTENCE • A group of words that contains a SUBJECT and a VERB is called a CLAUSE. • If this CLAUSE is also contains a complete idea, it is an INDEPENDENT CLAUSE Tom laughed. I love going to a restaurant with friends.

FRAGMENTS • A sentence fragment is an incomplete sentence: that is, it is missing a Subject, Verb, or Complete Thought. • Remember: there is difference between academic and casual English. Be right back Good idea Very Powerful

WHICH ONES ARE SENTENCES AND WHICH ONES ARE FRAGMENTS? 1. When John got his diploma. 2. My wife dressed up the dog as a reindeer last Christmas. 3. The wall falling apart. 4. Such as playing video games or surfing the web. 5. Dreaming of a better life for his children. 6. Dreaming of a better life for his children, Petrov moved from the Ukraine to western Michigan. 7. Up behind the convenience store. 8. Listening carefully, watching intently, waiting patiently, investigating impressively. 9. The cup was full of coffee. 10. The fancy black tie ball, the one where Jenny danced like a crazy person for hours, held last night in the old legion own by the Volvo dealership.

COMPOUND SENTENCES Compound Sentences are two simple sentences that can stand on their own but are joined for flow, clarity, relevance or comparison. Compound sentences contain (at least) two independent clauses. Basketball is my favourite sport; I watch football too. I am trying to quit smoking, so I left my lighter at home. They will be here soon, and Jennifer said they picked up some pizzas.

FORMING COMPOUND SENTENCES In a compound sentence, the two independent clauses MUST be joined together in one of two ways: 1. A comma and a coordinating conjunction 2. Using only a semi-colon. Two Simple Sentences I am an expert at writing sentences. I also enjoy writing essays. One Compound Sentence I am an expert at writing sentences, and I also enjoy writing essays. OR I am an expert at writing sentences; I also enjoy writing essays.

THE SEMI-COLON • Only use a semi-colon to join to two related Independent Clauses • Don’t over use the semi-colon! Good: Johnny and Frankie really like each other; they are best friends! Bad: Johnny is a good guy; the sky is blue.

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS Coordinating conjunctions are special conjunctions that join clauses of equal rank together. Only seven conjunctions have the strength to hold together TWO independent clauses. They are known by the acronym FANBOYS. https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=x 8 v. B 1 bu 7 z. Bk

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS FANBOYS: For And Nor But Or Yet So

COMPOUND SENTENCES 1. My cousin Juliet is very talented she was accepted at the Berkley School of Music and is now a famous pianist. 2. I love ice cream I love cookies with my ice cream! 3. Jason and Alexandra went out last week they had a great time. 4. My daughter dressed up like an owl for Halloween last year everyone said she was very cute. 5. Last month a stranger backed into my car he damaged the bumper extensively. 6. The printer in my office always infuriates me it jams up every time I try to use it. 7. My cousin Carlton owns a small food distribution business they deal with hundreds of manufacturers all over the country. 8. My writing is developing well in my last paper I had no run-ons. 9. Walking through the park I had a great thought I would run for political office. 10. My mother had the stomach flu last week she could hardly get out of bed.

RUN-ON SENTENCES (RO) Run-on Sentences occur when two independent clauses are attached without the proper punctuation or FANBOYS. There are two types of run-on sentences: 1. Fused Sentences 2. Comma Splices

RUN-ON SENTENCES FUSED SENTENCE The fused sentence occurs when two independent clauses are joined together without a comma or a semi-colon. Bad: Joe was happy about the raise he felt like celebrating. Good: Joe was happy about the raise, and he felt like celebrating. Good: Joe was happy about the raise; he felt like celebrating.

RUN-ON SENTENCES COMMA SPLICE The comma splice occurs when a comma is used without one of the FANBOYS. Joe was happy about the raise, he felt like celebrating.

REVIEW: TYPES OF SENTENCES SIMPLE SENTENCES One independent clause. A subject and a verb that form one complete idea. • I am going to review my notes everyday. COMPOUND SENTENCES Two or more independent clauses, or two or more complete sentences, that are joined for flow and clarity. They are joined with a comma AND a fanboys or a semicolon only. • Many students aren’t studying, but I am going to review my notes everyday.

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