SENTENCE STRUCTURE COMPLEX SENTENCES AND FRAGMENTS CLAUSES There

SENTENCE STRUCTURE COMPLEX SENTENCES AND FRAGMENTS

CLAUSES There are two types of clauses. 1. INDEPENDENT CLAUSE 2. DEPENDENT CLAUSE An independent clause must have three things: 1. Subject 2. Verb 3. Complete thought A dependent clause has: 1. Subject 2. Verb It does not include a COMPLETE thought. Therefore, it cannot stand on its own; it must be joined to an independent clause.

DEPENDENT CLAUSES Dependent Clauses start with a Subordinating Conjunction. They may also start with a relative pronoun: whoever, whom, what, which, whose. When Cynthia gets here. While we wait After Martin bakes some cookies Whoever left the door open. When left on their own, dependent clauses are FRAGMENTS. They do not form a complete thought.

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION Subordinating Conjunctions: linking words that introduce a dependent clause. Here are some of examples of common Subordinating Conjunctions that signal the start of a DEPENDENT CLAUSE. After Although As, as if As long as As soon as Because Before Even if, even though If Since So that Though Unless Until What, whatever When, whenever Where, wherever Whether Which, whichever While Who, whose

DEPENDENT CLAUSES To form a complete sentence, a dependent clause must be attached to an independent clause. This forms a COMPLEX SENTENCE. Consider the following clauses: Dependent Clause/Fragment I was late for school today. Because there was an accident on the 401. Subordinating Conjunction COMPLEX SENTENCE I was late for school today because there was an accident on the 401.

COMPLEX SENTENCES Complex Sentences can be formed by putting the clauses in any order: dependent clause + independent clause Because I have an allergy, I always have an epi pen with me. independent clause + dependent clause I always have an epi pen with me because I have an allergy. NOTE: If the dependent clause comes first, it must be followed by a comma.

COMPLEX SENTENCES 1) As the new season of The Walking Dead starts in the next couple months + I will be busy very soon. 2) After the that great Katy Perry concert + I was very happy to have a snow day

HOW CAN WE MAKE THESE SENTENCES COMPLETE? 1) Although the marriage ceremony started late. 2) Until I hear from the hiring committee. 3) As soon as Melissa arrives in Halifax 4) If your form has been completed correctly. 5) While we wait. 6) Although weak and exhausted, he managed to crawl to the fridge. 7) Where you left your keys. 8) Before the phone rings again. 9) Because he wants to learn French, he dates only Francophones. 10) Since he made that big mistake in 1993.

REVIEW: TYPES OF SENTENCES SIMPLE SENTENCES One independent clause. A subject and a verb that form one complete idea. I am going to review my notes everyday. COMPLEX SENTENCES One independent clause + (at least one) dependent clause. They can come in any order; however, if the dependent clause comes first, a comma must follow. Even though many students aren’t studying, I am going to review my notes every day. COMPOUND SENTENCES Two or more independent clauses, or two or more complete sentences, that are joined for flow and clarity. They are joined with a comma AND a fanboys or a semicolon only. Many students aren’t studying, but I am going to review my notes everyday.

REVIEW: TYPES OF SENTENCES • Remember: You can create even more complex sentences once you learn the basics!

Since we have learned about forming sentences, I have been able to write longer, more complex sentences that allow me to engage with more complex ideas, and I really think that this will help me to write at a more advanced level, but I do worry that I will still some mistakes along the way!

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