Sentence Patterns 9 10 with variations Pattern 9

Sentence Patterns 9 -10 with variations

Pattern 9 Formula Repetition of a Key Term S V __ key term or , repeated key term. (use dash or comma before repetition)

• Note 1: Key word must be worth repeating – Repeat the word exactly as it is, or you may use another form of the word. • brute brutal; breathtaking; battle battling – Ineffective, uninteresting repetition: • He was a good father, providing a good home for his good children.

• Note 2: Be sure attached phrase with the repeated key tern is NOT a complete sentence (or else you will create a comma splice) – Wrong: He was a cruel brute of a man, he was brutal to his family and even more brutal to his friends. – Correction: He was a cruel brute of a man, brutal to his family and even more brutal to his friends.

Examples • We live in an uncertain world—the inner world, the world of the mind. • We all have problems but we can find a solution, a solution that works, a solution that is equitable. • She suddenly felt filled with joy—a joy she could not explain but that she gladly embraced.

Pattern 9 Practice Directions: Complete each of the following sentences by repeating the underlined word. 1. The floats in the parade were stunning, stunning in __________, stunning also in ______. 2. Courteous—courteous to ______________, courteous to _________________—the prom committee managed to smooth all the tense situations. 3. The faithful worshipers believed the religious leader to be a compassionate man, compassionate to ______________.

Variation 9 a Formula Same word repeated in parallel structure anywhere in the sentence S V repeated key word in same position of the sentence.

Explanation and Examples of Ways to Repeat 1. Repeat an effective adjective or adverb in phrases or clauses with parallel construction: • She has an incredible satisfying life, satisfying because of her career and satisfying because of her family. 2. Repeat the same preposition in a series: • He has known her for many years, before she went to college, before she was a star, before she won the Oscar. 3. Repeat the same noun as the object of different prepositions: • This government is of the people, by the people, and for the people.

4. Repeat the same modifying word in phrases that begin with different prepositions: • Sidney devoted his life to those selfish people, for their selfish cause, but clearly with his own selfish motives dominating his every action. 5. Repeat the same intensifiers: • The baseball game was very exciting, very enjoyable, but very long. 6. Repeat the same verb or alternative forms of the same word: • In order to survive in war, a person needs training, a person needs courage, and, most of all, a person needs luck.

Pattern 9 A Practice 1. If you have unrealistic dreams, you may need to find other _______, other ______. 2. Los Angeles presents great entertainment to visitors—great _____, great ________. 3. His greatest ______, his greatest _______came to Edison only after repeated failures.

Pattern 10 Formula Emphatic appositive at end, after a colon S V word: the appositive (the second naming) (with or without modifiers)

Explanation • Withholding the repetition until the end of the sentence builds to a climax and provides a forceful, emphatic appositive that concludes the sentence and shouts for attention. • Colon marks a full stop – Use only after a complete statement – Anticipates an explanation

Examples • Her room contained a collection of trash: old clothes, soda cans, Mc. Donald’s wrappers. • When I go to the movies, I need two things to really enjoy it: popcorn and a soda. • Airport thieves have a common target: unwary travelers.

Pattern 10 Practice 1. Make up a sentence with a list of people as the emphatic appositive. 2. Make up a sentence with a location and its description as the emphatic appositive. 3. Make up a sentence with a list of movies as the emphatic appositive.

Variation 10 a Formula Appositive after a dash S V word — the appositive. (echoed idea or second naming)

Explanation • Instead of colon, use a dash. – Dash almost always precedes a short climactic appositive – Colon generally precedes a longer appositive

Examples • Many traditional philosophies echo the ideas of one man—Plato. • Pandas eat only one food—bamboo shoots. • These big burgers taste great but they have lots of calories—over 1, 000.

Pattern 10 A Practice Directions: Use the following words as the appositive at the end of the sentence. 1. a new car 2. chicken tenders 3. the security guard