Sensory Modalities General Senses 1 Somatic Exteroceptors a

Sensory Modalities • General Senses: 1. Somatic (Exteroceptors) a. Touch b. Pressure c. Temperature d. Proprioception e. Pain 2. Visceral (Interoceptors) a. Pain b. Pressure

Examples of sensory receptors and their relationship with 1 st order neurons

Sensory Modalities • Special Senses a. Smell or Olfaction b. Taste or Gustation c. Sight or Vision d. Sound or Auditory e. Balance or Equilibrium

The Process of Sensations 1. Stimulation of a sensory receptor 2. Transduction of the stimulus Conversion of the stimulus into a graded potential 3. Generation of an impulse Conversion of a graded potential into an action potential at a trigger zone and propagation to CNS 4. Integration of sensory input

Classification of General Sensory Receptors Type of Sense Receptor Type Stimulus Touch Mechanoreceptor Compression Pressure Mechanoreceptor Compression Temperature Thermoreceptors Temperature Proprioception Mechanoreceptor Compression Pain Irritation Nociceptors

Summary of Tactile Sensory Receptors Receptor Sensations Adaptation Meissner Touch, pressure, slow Corpuscles vibrations Hair root plexuses Touch Rapid Merkel’s disc Slow Touch and pressure Rapid Ruffini corpuscles Stretching of skin Slow Free nerve ending Itch/tickle Both Pacinian Corpuscles Pressure, fast vibrations, Rapid tickling

Summary of Sensory Receptors Receptor Sensations Adaptation Free nerve ending Temperature Rapid Free nerve ending Pain Slow Muscle spindles Muscle length Slow Tendon organs Muscle tension Slow Joint Kinesthetic receptors Joint position and movement Rapid

Somatic Receptors of the Skin

Classification of Special Sensory Receptors Type of Sense Receptor Type Stimulus Smell Chemoreceptor Binding of Molecules Taste Chemoreceptor Binding of Molecules Sight Photoreceptors Light Sound Mechanoreceptor Sound waves Balance Mechanoreceptor Movement of head

Olfactory epithelium, Olfactory receptors, and Olfactory Nerves

Relationship of Gustatory receptors in Taste Buds to tongue papillae