Sensation and Perception Form Perception and Gestalt Principles

3 Stages of Form Perception � Parsing � Recognition � Surface Interpretation

Parsing � The visual input consists of a huge array of brightness and color

Recognition � � � Process through which you identify what an object is ◦

Surface Interpretation � Once objects have been parsed, it is necessary to determine their

Gestalt Principles � 5 ◦ ◦ ◦ Theories Good Continuation Proximity Similarity Closure Figure-ground

Good Continuation � When objects or groups that form a pattern are viewed as

Proximity � Grouping another based on location of items near one

Similarity � Grouping of items together based on common features ◦ For example, circles

Closure � When the mind automatically closes gaps in an object to perceive the

Figure-ground � Ground figure is viewed as further away than the

Homework on Wednesday December 2 � Directions � Due ◦ From the lesson today

Real World Examples of Gestalt Principles

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Sensation and Perception Form Perception and Gestalt Principles

3 Stages of Form Perception � Parsing � Recognition � Surface Interpretation

Parsing � The visual input consists of a huge array of brightness and color values, not a collection of objects � The first step in form perception is to segregate (parse) the input into areas corresponding to objects � This involves: ◦ Finding edges ◦ Filling in behind occluders ◦ Grouping parts together to form wholes (Gestalt principles)

Recognition � � � Process through which you identify what an object is ◦ i. e. , a telephone, string, backpack, cell phone Crucial to apply knowledge on the world Essential base for learning and memory Recognition is the process of linking a sensory input to a representation in memory ◦ Seeing a horse not just as a particular combination of shape, color, and texture, but as a mammal that is a relative of the zebra, is ridden by cowboys, and is called a “horse” We do not yet have a single, widely accepted theory of object recognition Theories of object recognition fall into two classes ◦ Picture-matching theories ◦ Structural-description theories

Surface Interpretation � Once objects have been parsed, it is necessary to determine their surface properties, such as color, texture, and 3 -D shape

Filling in Behind Occluders

Finding Edges

Gestalt Principles � 5 ◦ ◦ ◦ Theories Good Continuation Proximity Similarity Closure Figure-ground � The Gestalt psychologists believed that a whole is not just a collection of parts � The overall organization of the visual input influences how the parts are interpreted

Good Continuation � When objects or groups that form a pattern are viewed as a whole, not individual objects

Proximity � Grouping another based on location of items near one

Similarity � Grouping of items together based on common features ◦ For example, circles will be grouped with other circles versus circles being grouped with triangles

Closure � When the mind automatically closes gaps in an object to perceive the object as “whole”

Figure-ground � Ground figure is viewed as further away than the

Examples of Gestalt Principles

Homework on Wednesday December 2 � Directions � Due ◦ From the lesson today (November 30), you need to find two real world examples of two different Gestalt Theories (remember you have five to choose from) ◦ Please take a picture of the examples or draw to the best of your ability the examples ◦ Write or type a short paragraph about each example explaining which principle the image represents and how you decided. (please provide GOOD evidence) ◦ Attach the image to the paragraph

Real World Examples of Gestalt Principles