SEMINAR ON SEGMENTAL CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGE Guided by

SEMINAR ON SEGMENTAL CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGE Guided by: Dr. M. K SHRIMALI Dr. S. D. BHARTI Structural Engineering Department MNIT, Jaipur Submitted by: Gaurav Jhalani 2010 PST 111 M. Tech III Semester

Contents: Ø Introduction of Bridge Ø Components of a Bridge Ø Construction methods for bridges Ø Introduction of Segmental bridge construction Ø Classification of segmental bridges Ø Construction of segmental bridges Ø A Case Study of Sutong Bridge china Ø Some other examples of segmental bridges Ø Conclusion. Ø References

BRIDGE ØA bridge is a structure built to across a obstacles such as a body of water, valley, or road, for the purpose of providing passage over the obstacle. ØDesigns of bridges depending on the function of the bridge, length of the bridge, span of the bridge, the nature of the terrain, and the material used to make it.

Components of a bridge �Superstructure or Bridge deck – the horizontal part of a bridge that support pedestrian or traffic activities. �Bearings - transmit the load received from the decking on to the substructure. �Substructure – v Piers or Abutments- Vertical member support the deck or bearing. v Foundation – Transmits the load of Superstructure, Piers or Abutments evenly distribute the load on to the strata

Construction Methods for Bridge 1. Cast-in-Situ Method : This Method Prefer for Short Bridges. Time consuming is large in cast-in-situ construction as it involves following steps. Ø Erection on ground supported staging Ø Casting of concrete Ø Dismantling of staging

2. Precast Segmental Method: This method is used for the long bridges. It is economical when there is large no of span. This method involves the following steps. �Casting of Precast segments in casting yard. �Transporting the precast segments at the site. �Erection of the precast segment using launcher or crane. �External Prestressing. �Grouting.

SEGMENTAL BRIDGE CONSTRUCION A Segmental Bridge is a bridge built in short sections (called segments), that is one piece at a time. And then segments are erected to make the bridge. The bridge is either cast-in-place or precast. Advantage of segmental bridge construction Very economical for long spans. Ø Prefabricated segments provides more quality control. Ø

Contd. Ø The structure can be fully loaded immediately after being prestressed. Ø The pre-stressed cables can be inspected and replaced at all times. Ø Low weight due to thin bridge sections. Ø Industrialization of the construction process. Ø Innovations in construction equipment. Ø Low maintenance costs. Ø Speed of construction, time taken less

Disadvantage of Segmental bridge construction Ø High construction loading or high technology is used. Ø Need high safety precautions during construction Ø Extra cost (due to more prestressing required) History of Segmental bridge construction first appeared in the early 1950 s. �The first cast-in-place segmental concrete bridge, built in 1950, across the Lahn River in Germany. �The first precast segmental concrete bridge, built in 1962, across the Seine River in France.

Classification of segmental bridges Segmental bridges is classified under the following Categories. Ø Balance Cantilever Bridges Ø Progressive Placement Bridges Ø Span-by-Span Constructed Bridges Ø Incrementally Launched Bridges

Segmental Construction Method Balanced Cantilever

Segmental Construction Method Progressive placement

Segmental Construction Method Span-by-span

Segmental Construction Method Incrementally launched

Construction of Segmental Bridges The following steps are used for the construction of Segmental bridges. 1. Casting of Segments Two method used for casting of segments Ø Short Line Method In this rate of segment production is slow. Three or four segments cast at a time. Ø Long Line Method In this rate of segment production is fast. Segments equal to one span cast at a time.

Construction of Segmental Bridges Contd. After casting the segments are stored at staking yard and curing of segments will be done. 2. Transfer the segment at erection site: After casting or curing of segments are transferred at erection site with the help of traveler or crane.

Casting of Segments

Storage of Segments

Typical Features of Precast Segments

Lifting of Segments

Construction of Segmental Bridges Contd. 3. Erection of the segments: The precast segments are erected on the sites by following erection methods. Ø Ø Balanced Cantilever erection Progressive Placement erection Span by Span erection Incremental Launching erection

Construction of Segmental Bridges Contd. High Machineries are used for the erection of segments some of the following. �Launching Truss & accessories �Launching girder & accessories �Gantry crane or other cranes �Hydraulic jacks �Travelers

Erection of Segments

Erection of Segments Progressive placement erection

Erection of Segments Incremental launching erection

Construction of Segmental Bridges Contd. 4. Epoxy Glueing In between the two segments epoxy Glueing is used to prevent the leakage of grout during grouting. 5. External perstressing Used for giving the final strength to bridge. § Pre-tension method § post tension method

Construction of Segmental Bridges Contd. 6. Grouting The main purpose of grouting is to protect the all strands against corrosion and develop the bond between prestressing surrounding concrete. steel and

Segmental bridges-A Case Study of Sutong Bridge china 1. Project Description 1. 1 Location across the Yangtze River China

Segmental bridges-A Case Study of Sutong Bridge china 1. 2 Sutong Bridge is the first precast segmental bridge built using short-line match-casting method in China. 1. 3 It was constructed using balanced cantilever method. Prestressed concrete continuous single-cell box girder structure was constructed precast segmental method. The construction of the precast segmental approach structures commenced in April 2004 and completed in early 2007.

Segmental bridges-A Case Study of Sutong Bridge china 1. 4 It consist of 30 m, 50 m or 75 m long span. The total length of the box girder measured along its centerline was approximate 3. 7 km. 1. 5 The reinforced concrete columns with 4. 5 m x 6. 5 m rectangular hollow section were adopted for the maximum height of 60 m and supported on pile caps with bored pile foundation.

Segmental bridges-A Case Study of Sutong Bridge china 2. Segment Casting: Segment were casted in casting yard The casting yard was about 40, 000 m 2 and equipped with 2 numbers of 160 ton gantry cranes for segment handling and 2 numbers of 16 ton gantry cranes for light duty tasks, such as, manipulating the reinforcement cage. The casting yard had a storage capacity of 354 segments based on two-layer stacking.

Segmental bridges-A Case Study of Sutong Bridge china Casting yard Layout Plan

Segmental bridges-A Case Study of Sutong Bridge china 3. Segment Erection: The total erection period was about 15 months. Two overhead launching girders were used. Each girder had two winches with lifting capacities of 180 ton and 150 ton respectively. The lifting height of the winches was allowed for 70 m.

Segmental bridges-A Case Study of Sutong Bridge china Partially Erected Bridges Launching girder assembling

Other Examples of Segmental bridges

Conclusions: Ø This method is ideal for bridge construction bridge give Aesthetical view or good quality. Ø Longer span bridge now possible. Ø Longer bridge over water now possible. Ø Construction of long bridges now easy. Ø Construction time is less. Ø Environment friendly construction. Ø Construction line is highly mechanized by this method.

References: Ø Segmental Concrete Bridge Construction - NBM Media www. nbmcw. com Ø Bridge construction method www. ttfijnmechanica. nl Ø Segmental bridge technology Rohleder_presentation mceer. buffalo. edu/education/bridge. . . / Ø Seminar on Segmental Construction www. faeto. org/pdf/segmental_bridge_construction. pdf Ø Construction of the Precast Segmental Approach Structures for Sutong Bridge a paper by Xian Peng LIU, Zong Ping QIN, Y. W. LEUNG, YWL and Dr. Lingling YUE, www. ywlgroup. com/a 02. pdf

THANKS