Semideponent verbs Present active participles SemiDeponent Verbs are

Semi-deponent verbs Present active participles

Semi-Deponent Verbs are always active! We know that semi means half SO… …these verbs are only deponent half the time! Half of the forms LOOK active Half of the forms LOOK passive Semi-Deponent Verbs are always active!

Remember how a regular 2 nd conjugation verb looks in a synopsis? Active Present habet Imperfect habebat Future habebit Perfect habuit Pluperfect habuerat Fut. perf. habuerit Passive habetur habebatur habebitur habitus est habitus erat habitus erit

Remember how a deponent 2 nd conjugation verb looks in a synopsis? • No active forms! • Always translated as an active verb Passive Present Imperfect Future Perfect Pluperfect Fut. per. veretur verebatur verebitur veritus est veritus erat Veritus erit

What about principal parts of verbs? • • • Regular 1 st sing. Pres. Act. habeo Pres. Act. Inf. habere 1 st sing. Perf. Act. habui Perfect passive participlehabitus Deponent • 1 st sing. Pres. Act. vereor • Pres. Act. Inf. vereri • Perf. ACTIVE participleveritus

Semi-deponent principal parts • 1 st sing. Pres. Act. audeo • Pres. Act. Infinitiveaudere • Perf. ACTIVE participle ausus There are only three principal parts just like deponents, but some of the parts look more like a regular verb

Semi-deponent synopsis Latin Present audet Imperfect audebat Future audebit Perfect ausus est Pluperfect ausus erat Fut. Perf. ausus erit English He is daring He was daring He will dare He has dared He had dared He will have dared Which forms look like a regular 2 nd conjugation verb? Which forms look like a deponent 2 nd conjugation verb?

Semi-deponent verbs are conjugated as regular verbs in the present system: Present Imperfect Future and as a deponent verb in the perfect system: Perfect Pluperfect Future perfect Semi-Deponent Verbs are always active!

Present Active Participles Review of Perfect Passive Participles • Participles are verbal adjectives • Passive participles have the action done to the noun it modifies • Perfect passive participles have had the action done to the noun it modifies prior to the time of the main verb • Example: repulsus lupus-the repelled wolf

Present Active Participles • Participles are still verbal adjectives used to modify a noun • An active participle has the noun doing the action • Present Active Participles have the noun doing the action at the same time as the main verb • Example: Marcus repellens-Marcus repelling

Examples Perfect Passive Participle • Lupus repulsus currit in silvam. • The repelled wolf runs into the forest. Present Active Participle • Marcus lupum repellens ad rivum currit. • Marcus repelling the wolf runs to the stream.

Forming present active participles Present stem + -ns, -ntis (3 rd declension adj. ) First conjugation verb Singular Plural para- + -ns = parans parantes/ia parantis parantium parantibus parantem/parans parantes/ia parantibus PREPARING

Second conjugation Singular habe- + -ns = habens habenti Plural habentes/ia habentium habentibus habentem/habens habentes/ia habentibus HAVING/HOLDING

Third Conjugation Singular mitte- + -ns = mittens Plural mittentes/ia mittentis mittentium mittentibus mittentem/mittens mittentes/ia mittentibus SENDING

3 IO Conjugation Singular • iacie- + -ns = iaciens iacienti iacientem/iaciens iacienti Plural iacientes/ia iacientium iacientibus iacientes/ia iacientibus THROWING N. B. Remember that for 3 rd IO, one must add an ‘i’ before the ‘e’ in the stem.

Fourth Conjugation Singular audie- + -ns = audiens audienti Plural audientes/ia audientium audientibus audientem/audiens audientes/ia audientibus HEARING N. B. Remember that for 4 th conjugation, one must add an ‘e’ after the stem before adding the ending.

Present Participle vs. Present Progressive Marcus repelling the wolf is running to the stream. Marcus repellens lupum currit ad rivum. Notice that two words in this sentence are verbs ending in –ing. Repelling is a participle modifying Marcus, but running is part of the present progressive verb ‘is running’. Be careful to distinguish these two uses!