SelfSymbol in NARS Non Axiomatic Reasoning System Patrick

Self-Symbol in NARS (Non. Axiomatic Reasoning System) Patrick Hammer Graz University of Technology, Austria

Knowledge Representation Term names a concept, e. g. , bird Compound Term is composed from other terms, e. g. , ([yellow] ∩ bird) Inheritance (→) is a relation representing the substitutability of one term by another one, e. g. , {Tweety} → ([yellow] ∩ bird) $x → raven $x → [black]

Meaning of Statements • The meaning of a statement can only be judged according to (parts of) the past experience of the system.

Meaning of Terms/Concepts • The meaning of a term is determined by the context the term appears in. On conceptual level: • The meaning of a concept is determined by the concepts it is related to.

Self Symbol/Term This suggests: • „self“ as a term which gets meaning by the contexts it appears in as special case.

Self Symbol/Term • Parts of the meaning of “self” can be constructed by the observation of own properties and actions.

Association of “self” with Properties SELF → [hungry]

Association of “self” with Actions ^eat(apple) ^eat(SELF, apple) (*, SELF, apple) --> ^eat SELF --> (/, ^eat, _, apple)

Derived beliefs about “self” Event 1: ^eat(apple) Event 2: SELF → [satisfied] Temporal Induction: ^eat(apple) / SELF → [satisfied]

Introspective Events and Operators Introspective Events: • Reveiling internal events to the system Introspective Operators: • Influencing internal states

Introspective Events and Operators • Allowing the system to reason for example about its own pursued goals (comparison: intention/goal self models) or to reflect the desire value of a concept. • Also allowing the system to reason about introspective events (business, satisfaction value, comparison: emotional self model)

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