SEGORO AMARTO MOVEMENT AN INDIGENEOUS PROGRAM TO ALLEVIATE

SEGORO AMARTO MOVEMENT: AN INDIGENEOUS PROGRAM TO ALLEVIATE POVERTY IN YOGYAKARTA CITY Lena Satlita, and Utami Dewi Public Administration Department, Faculty of Social Sciences, Yogyakarta State University Email: utami. dewi@uny. ac. id

INTRODUCTION Almost all departments/ministries have a poverty reduction program , and the funds that have been issued by the government for the implementation of these programs have reached tens of trillions of rupiah (Sahrony, 2013). However, various poverty reduction programs initiated by the central government were not able to alleviate people from poverty (Abuzar Asra, 2000).

The failure of various poverty reduction programs, presumably because poverty reduction programs tend to focus their efforts on the distribution of social assistance to the poor (Asep Suryahadi, 2010). For example: BLSM, Raskin, Assistance programs oriented government 's generosity can actually exacerbate the moral and behavior of the poor.

GERAKAN SEGORO AMARTO (GSA) Learning from unsuccessfull of various existing poverty reduction programs, and inspired by the success of the public movement "Semaul Undong " which was held in South Korea in 1970, the Mayor of Yogyakarta City, Heri Yudianto launched Gerakan Segoro Amarto in 2011. This movement is based on the Mayor Regulation Number 53 Year 2011 concerning the Segoro Amarto Movement in Yogyakarta.

SEGORO AMARTO’S MEANING Segoro Amarto is a nickname of ( Semangat Gotong Royong Agawe Majune Ngayogyakarta )

SEGORO AMARTO’S VISION Vision of the Gerakan Segoro Amarto/ Segoro Amarto Movement (GSA) is Sedaya Nyawiji Rila Gumreget Ambangun diri lan Nagari. It’s mean that all of Yogyakarta City’s people should have spirit to working together in order to develop Yogyakarta and themselves.

SEGORO AMARTO’S GOALS Its mission is to inculcate noble values of Segoro Amarto (independence, discipline, caring, and togetherness pillars), developing GSA at the grassroots (community), increasing public participation in the context of development activities, in particular poverty alleviation. GSA principles are to increase the sense of unity on the basis of awareness to achieve a strong and prosperous society and build motivation to always eager in implementing Segoro Amarto vallues The purposes of GSA are to promote social justice in community, to make life more comfortable, prosperous, and independent, and to encourage community development by promoting the spirit of independence, discipline, caring and sharing, as well as togetherness vallues in order to jointly tackle poverty (TKPK Yogyakarta, 2011).

IMPLEMENTATORS OF SEGORO AMARTO • All people in Yogyakarta should take part in this poverty alleviation program. • GSA is coordinated at the municipal level, village level, and the level of the base (the public). Coordination at the level of cities is conducted by the Coordinating Team for Poverty Reduction (TKPK) City while at the village by village TKPK. For the basic level (community), it is conducted by the Board of Rukun Warga.

SEGORO AMARTO IMPLEMENTATION Segoro Amarto Movement was first developed in three villages that serve as a pilot project: Kricak Village, Tegalpanggung Village, and Sorosutan Village. GSA now has penetrated in 6 other villages and expected to be implemented in the entire city of Yogyakarta (45 villages).

IMPLEMENTATION ANALYSIS Resources Disposition Communication George C. Edwards III model of implementation Bureaucratic culture

COMMUNICATION Implementation of Segoro Amarto Movement seen from communication factor, it has been implemented using a variety of media. However, this communication has not been able to fully regrow the noble values and mobilize all citizens to participate in poverty alleviation. Currents of modernization and modern lifestyle that hit the community, has eroded the value of caring for the environment and poverty, jealousy and social inequality are also problems in the process of communicating Segoro Amarto Movement.

RESOURCES FACTORS The resources to carry out this movement has been prepared from the beginning, both at the municipal government level and at the grassroots (village). All of society’s part can take part in gaining financial resources and networking in implementing this program. The results shows that not all of community take part in employing their resources.

DISPOSITION Regarding apparatus and implementor’s disposition, the research findings show that there are still greater positive disposition than negative ones. Negative disposition occurs due to various factors such as the modern lifestyle that has been struck in some communities. In the level of the poor, the negative disposition occurs due to mental attitude accustomed to, receive assistance and convenience.

BUREAUCRATIC STRUCTURE From bureaucratic structures analysis, the weakness of the GSA implementation process occurs because the objectives of this movement still looks so wide and measurable indicators of success GSA are still unclear. The Yogyakarta City Government does not have clear guidance on the poverty standards/indicators.

OPPORTUNITIES GSA TO ALLEVIATE POVERTY Each village in the city of Yogyakarta has economic and social potentials which can be developed in order to improve the welfare of poor citizens. Some areas in the city of Yogyakarta have geographic potentials for business activities that support communities to increase economic welfare. Institutions such as community forums or social and cultural organizations may become social capital that supports GSA.

The strong spirit of mutual cooperation, mutual help and solidarity to the people of Yogyakarta City such as jimpitan, ronda malam, sumbangan kematian Yogyakarta City Government has formulated parameter or indicators of each noble plliars in implementing GSA A number of private businesses operating in the city of Yogyakarta may contribute in Segoro Amarto Movement to improve society’s welfare. Human resources supports

CHALLENGES OF GSA • Yogyakarta City have not understood Segoro Amarto Not all of citizens in Movement policy yet. • Religious leaders have not been involved in the Segoro Amarto • Cardholders Towards Prosperity (KMS) increases, which means increasing the number of poor families in the city of Yogyakarta • Noble values of Yogyakarta as the reference implementation of the GSA has not been institutionalized in the community of Yogyakarta.

The characteristics of poverty alleviation programs that are providing assistance and services have caused the poor (KMS holders) become reluctant to participate in community development programs through Segoro Amarto Movement The absence of clear measurement of Segoro Amarto effectiveness to decrease poverty Institutionalization model of GSA’s pillar and vallues have not been clearly formulated by the government and community so that a reference or guidelines for implementing these movements to match the noble values of the people of Yogyakarta has not optimal.

CONCLUSION Regarding the implementation model analysis of George C. Edward III, namely communication, resources, disposition and bureaucratic structure, it can be said that in general Segoro Amarto implementation has been running, although not optimal In accordance with poverty alleviation program, Segoro Amarto Movement has not significantly affected the efforts to accelerate poverty reduction.

There a lot of potentials and opportunities that can support the successful implementation of GSA i. e the economic-social-cultural and geographic potentials, local vallues and wisdoms, social capitals, private business operation, institutional and commitment of the municipal government and TKPK City, TKPK Village, as well as at the level of the basis (RW) Chalengges of GSA are the absence of clear parameters about the success of the GSA, the lack understanding on the noble values of Segoro Amarto, the existing mental to be considered poor, mentally begging and their poverty alleviation programs that are providing assistance and services.

RECOMMENDATION Creating a model of value investment in Segoro Amarto movement in order to internalize Segoro Amarto’s values to the community Strengthening the institutionalization of Segoro Amarto by providing continuous and sistematically assistance to create independency Increasing the participation of all society, especially religious leaders in the implementation of GSA. Conducting the right communication strategies or a model in the cultivation of GSA’s noble values to raise community’s awareness in order to change the attitude of society to participate in poverty alleviation programs.