SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS Packet 70 Chapter 29 THE
- Slides: 23
SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS Packet #70 Chapter #29
THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION CONNECTION Seedless vascular plants arose in the Carboniferous Period 420 – 360 mya Phylum Rhinophyta are known as the oldest seedless vascular plants These organisms left relics, fossils and coals Scientists believe that seed plants were present during this evolutionary time period but were not dominant. Seedless vascular plants became important as the swamps dried up and the global climate cooled.
TYPES OF SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS There are four phyla of seedless vascular plants. Phylum Ferns Phylum Equisetophyta Horsetail Phylum Psilotophyta Whisk ferns Phylum Polypodiophyta Lycophyta Club Mosses
IMPORTANT INFORMATION FOR VASCULAR PLANTS
LEAVES OF VASCULAR PLANTS Leaves of Vascular Plants There are two types of leaves that may be found on seedless vascular plants Microphylls Small and have a single vascular strand Club mosses Megaphylls Larger and have more than one vascular strand Plants needed a flattened blade with more stomata for gas exchange Ferns, horsetails and seed plants Microphylls
KEYWORDS OF VASCULAR PLANTS Homospory The production of one kind of spore Bryophytes Whisk ferns Horsetails Most club mosses Most ferns Spore gives rise to gametophyte plants that produce both egg and sperm cells.
KEYWORDS OF VASCULAR PLANTS II Heterospory Production of two kinds of spores Occurs in Microspores Give rise to male gametophytes that produce sperm cells Megaspores Give rise to female gametophytes that produce eggs. Certain club mosses Certain ferns ALL SEED PLANTS. The “evolution” of heterospory was an essential step in the evolution of seeds.
SEED VASCULAR PLANTS— FERNS
PHYLUM PTEROPHYTA SUBPHYLUM POLYPOIOPHYTA THE FERNS Largest and most diverse group of seedless vascular plants. Have xylem and phloem tissue Most have true roots More than 12, 000 species have been described.
PHYLUM PTEROPHYTA SUBPHYLUM POLYPOIOPHYTA THE FERNS Almost all species are homosporous All have megaphylls. Found primarily in moist tropical habitats Few are aquatic
FERNS FEATURES THAT DISTINGUISH FERNS AND OTHER SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS FROM ALGAE AND BRYOPHYTES. Comparison to Bryophytes Ferns have vascular tissue Ferns have a dominant sporophyte generation. As in bryophytes, reproduction in ferns depends on water as a transport medium for their motile sperm cells.
REPRODUCTIVE CYCLE OF FERNS
PHYLUM PTEROPHYTA SUBPHYLUM POLYPOIOPHYTA THE FERNS Figure 29. 12 Page 585 Ferns display alternation of generation and they have a dominant sporophyte generation Fern bodies consist of a rhizome (an underground stem), roots, and leaves (megaphylls).
PHYLUM PTEROPHYTA SUBPHYLUM POLYPOIOPHYTA THE FERNS Sprophytes have roots, rhizomes and leaves that are megaphylls. Leaves, or fronds, bear sporangia in clusters called sori. Meiosis of sporangia produces haploid spores.
PHYLUM PTEROPHYTA SUBPHYLUM POLYPOIOPHYTA THE FERNS Spore germinates and grow via mitosis into a gametophyte called haploid prothallus. Heart shaped and lacks vascular tissue Anchored by rhizoids Bears antheridia and archegonia Water is still required for transportation of the flagellated sperm to the archegonium Zygote grows into free-living sporophyte plant.
SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS —WHISK FERNS
PHYLUM PTEROPHYTA SUBPHYLUM PSILOTOPHYTA THE WHISK FERNS Simplest vascular plants Lack true roots and leaves Consists of dichotomously branching rhizomes Have erect stems. Homosporous sporophylls.
SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS —HORSETAILS
PHYLUM PTEROPHYTA SUBPHYLUM EQUISETOPHYTA THE HORSETAILS Sporophytes have roots Rhizomes Aerial stems Hollow and jointed Leaves that are reduced megaphylls
SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS —CLUB MOSSES
PHYLUM LYCOPHYTA THE CLUB MOSSES Small plants with rhizomes and short erect branches Extant species have true roots and leaves that are microphylls.
REVIEW
REVIEW Students List potential examination questions and/or here, and on following slides, based on the packet.
- Homosporous vs heterosporous
- Seedless vascular plants
- Seedless vascular plants phylum
- Lychophyta
- Conifer life cycle diagram
- Mosses and liverworts
- 3 types of seedless vascular plants
- Phylum and species
- Seedless pants
- Nonvascular plants reproduction
- Life cycle of seedless plants
- Nonvascular plant
- Life cycle of seedless plants
- Heterosporous
- Vascular and non vascular difference
- How does a plant reproduce
- Why are triploid plants seedless
- Which seedless plants have been used to treat bee stings?
- Chapter 29 plant diversity
- Unit 2 lesson 12 flowering plants
- Multicellular dependent embryos
- Do seedless plants have cell walls made of cellulose
- Sporophyte vs gametophyte
- Vascular vs nonvascular plants