Seedless Reproduction Unit 7 Lesson 2 Notes Seedless

Seedless Reproduction • Seedless plants – plants that do not produce seeds. They include

Nonvascular vs. Vascular • Nonvascular plants – plants that do not have structures that

Nonvascular vs. Vascular • Vascular plants – plants that have tubelike cells (called the

Nonvascular/Vascular Seedless Plants • Nonvascular Examples • Vascular Example à Algae à Moss à

All About Algae • Is algae good or bad? Oligotrophic Lake • What are

Nonvascular Seedless Plants • The Moss Cycle – Moss plants have a life cycle

Zygote (2 n) Gametophyte (n) Sex Cells (n)

Vascular Seedless Plants • Most vascular seedless plants are ferns.

Vascular Seedless Plants – Fern sporophyte plants have fronds that grow from an underground

Vascular Seedless Plants – Sex cells form in the prothallus. – When fertilization occurs,

Fern Life Cycle Diagram A. Meiosis takes place to produce thousands of spores. Sporophyte

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Seedless Reproduction Unit 7 – Lesson 2 Notes

Seedless Reproduction • Seedless plants – plants that do not produce seeds. They include all nonvascular and some vascular plants. • Millions of years ago, most plants on Earth were vascular seedless plants Vascular means VEINS!

Nonvascular vs. Vascular • Nonvascular plants – plants that do not have structures that transport water and substances throughout the plant. Instead water and substances simply move from cell to cell.

Moss Cells m s O … s i s o

Nonvascular vs. Vascular • Vascular plants – plants that have tubelike cells (called the xylem and phloem) that transport water and substances throughout the plant.

Nonvascular/Vascular Seedless Plants • Nonvascular Examples • Vascular Example à Algae à Moss à Ferns

All About Algae • Is algae good or bad? Oligotrophic Lake • What are we using algae for in today’s society? Eutrophic Lake

Nonvascular Seedless Plants • The Moss Cycle – Moss plants have a life cycle that illustrates typical sexual reproduction in nonvascular seedless plants.

Zygote (2 n) Gametophyte (n) Sex Cells (n)

Vascular Seedless Plants • Most vascular seedless plants are ferns.

Vascular Seedless Plants – Fern sporophyte plants have fronds that grow from an underground stem called a rhizome. – Fern spores are produced in sori, which are usually on the underside of fronds. – A fern spore that lands in a favorable environment grows into a gametophyte plant called a prothallus.

Vascular Seedless Plants – Sex cells form in the prothallus. – When fertilization occurs, the zygote starts the sporophyte stage. – Ferns may reproduce asexually when rhizomes form new branches and are separated from the main plant.

Fern Life Cycle Diagram A. Meiosis takes place to produce thousands of spores. Sporophyte Gametophyte B. Spores are ejected. They grow into a gametophyte plant. E. The zygote is the beginning of the sporophyte stage and grows into the familiar fern plant. D. Water is needed for the sperm to swim to the egg. Fertilization occurs and a zygote is produced. C. The prothallus contains the male and female reproductive structures.

Epic Fern