See Sally blog Blog Sally blog Blog blog
“See Sally blog. Blog, Sally, blog. Blog, blog. ” Kappan, March 2011, p. 57 LEARNING IN & FOR THE 21 ST CENTURY Revolutionary Learners, Academy 20 - July 2011
In & For Hybrid concepts Learning in − using the tools, media, context, social/cultural patterns Learning for − seeking the knowledge & skills needed to thrive in the Information Age Examples Scenarios How get both? Stevan Kalmon Council on 21 st Century Learning Scenarios of learning in & for the 21 st century § Blogging about migration § Math video § Clicker ratings of leadership § E-filing migratory animal reports § MMORPG game design § Word processing oral histories July 2011
Why Learning In? Fun More efficient Transitory engagement Connection to new forms & norms of communication Cultural context (language, expectations) Substantive engagement Increasing power & scope of learning experiences Stevan Kalmon Council on 21 st Century Learning July 2011 Learning in − using the tools, media, context, social/cultural patterns Learning for − seeking the knowledge & skills needed to thrive in the Information Age
Why Learning For? CDE − 21 st Century Skills & Abilities CDE − Postsecondary & Workforce Readiness Critical thinking & reasoning Information literacy Collaboration Self-direction Invention ? s t e arg t e es h t y Wh Stevan Kalmon Council on 21 st Century Learning July 2011 Application of literacies Reasoning & argumentation Problem identification & solving Information management Human relations Analysis & interpretation
Learning For in the NCLB Classroom culture Assessment for learning Peer & self-assessment Exhibitions of learning Goal setting & progress monitoring Norms & community development 20% project Inquiry quest Contests (science fair; History Day) Community experience Stevan Kalmon Council on 21 st Century Learning July 2011 Integrating with existing curriculum “Flipping” the classroom Information literacy Collaboration Reflection
Assessment for Learning For Authentic Multiple subjective measures Primarily formative “Will this job be mainly trueand-false, multiple-choice, or essay questions? ” Stevan Kalmon Council on 21 st Century Learning July 2011
As the Future Catches You (2001), by Juan Enriquez “Capturing the Value of ‘Generation Tech’ Employees, ” by Marc Prensky, in strategy+business enews (6/30/04), www. strategy-business. com/press/enewsarticle/enews 063004? pg=0 “Creating Sustainable Learning Communities for the 21 st Century, ” by Stephanie Pace Marshall. In The Organization of the Future (1997), F. Hesselbein, et al. , ed. Recommended Reading Disrupting Class: How disruptive innovation will change the way the world learns (2008), by Clayton Christensen, et al. Drive: The surprising truth about what motivates us, by Daniel Pink (2009) “Framing Reform for the New Millennium: Leadership Capacity in Schools and Districts, ” by Linda Lambert. In Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy (April 12, 2000) Grown Up Digital: How the net generation is changing your world (2009), by Don Tapscott Guided Inquiry: Learning in the 21 st Century (2007), by Leslie Maniotes, et al. How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience and School (2000), by National Research Council Leadership and the New Science (1999), by Margaret Wheatley Learning for the 21 st Century (2003) and The Mile Guide: Milestones for Improving Learning & Education, by Partnership for 21 st Century Skills, www. 21 stcenturyskills. org/documents/ Map of Future Forces Affecting Education and 2020 Forecast: Creating the Future of Learning, by The Knowledge Works Foundation and the Institute for the Future, www. kwfdn. org/map/ The Power to Transform (2006), by Stephanie Pace Marshall “Preparing Students for Work in a Computer-Filled Economy”, by Frank Levy & Richard Murnane, in Education Week (9/1/04), www. edweek. org/ew/index. html Social Impact Games: Entertaining Games with Non-Entertainment Goals, www. socialimpactgames. com/ “Taking Mc. Luhan and ‘Medium Theory’ Seriously: Technological Change and the Evolution of Education”, by Joshua Meyrowitz. In Technology and the Future of Schooling (1996), Stephen Kerr, ed. The Teaching Gap: Best Ideas from the World’s Teachers for Improving Education in the Classroom (1999), by James Stigler and James Hiebert “Teaching and Learning in the Educational Communities of the Future, ” by Margaret Riel. In Yearbook of the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development (1998), Chris Dede, ed. “What is Web 2. 0 — Design Patterns and Business Models for the Next Generation of Software” (9/30/05), by Tim O’Reilly, www. oreillynet. com/pub/a/oreilly/tim/news/2005/09/30/what-is-web-20. html Stevan Kalmon Council on 21 st Century Learning July 2011
From Schooling to Learning From… To… Summative institutional assessment Formative collegial assessment Learner as consumer Learner as prosumer Broadcast, standardized learning Interactive, personalized learning Emphasis on content Emphasis on skills, habits Hierarchical organization Networked organization “Learning is a natural process of pursuing personally meaningful goals, … a process of discovering and constructing meaning from information and experience. ” Stevan Kalmon Council on 21 st Century Learning American Psychological Association, quoted in The Power to Transform, p. 39 May 2011
How We Learn 9 Industrial Theory Information Theory — Behaviorism (1900 -1960) — Constructivism (1950(Learning = connections between stimuli & responses) present) (Learning = building new knowledge based on what is already known) Learning externally Learning internally molded developed Presented in ordered Acquired in context, based chunks on existing frameworks Knowledge acquired in Knowledge assimilated hierarchical progression through schema Students motivated by Learner motivated rewards & punishments intrinsically and through socialization Student behaviors National Research Council, How People Learn (2000), pp. 6 -12 Linda Lambert, et al. , The Constructivist Leader (2002), pp. 11 -14 Stevan Kalmon calibrated based on Learner supported through Council on 21 Century Learning May 2011 st
Digital Divide ns: o i t Na Projected distribution of global work In 5 years Creative Work — Prosperous Societies of h t l a We Gap r o o P / h Ric to 1 5 0— o 1 5 t 7 0 1 39 — o 1 t 0 0 0 20 , 00 1 0— 5 0 2 • • • Research Development Design Marketing/Sales Global Supply Chain Management Juan Enriquez, As the Future Catches You (2001), p. 24 Routine Work done by people Routine Work done by machines Prosperous Societies Unemployable Underclass Stevan Kalmon Council on 21 st Century Learning July 2011 The New Commission on the American Workforce, Tough Choices or Tough Times (December 2006)
National Skills Standards § Creativity & Innovation § Critical Thinking & Problem Solving § Communication & Collaboration Life & Career Skills § § § Flexibility & Adaptability Initiative & Self-Direction Social & Cross-Cultural Skills Productivity & Accountability Leadership & Responsibility Learning & Innovation Skills Core Subjects & 21 st Century Themes Standards & Assessments Curriculum & Instruction § Information Literacy § Media Literacy § ICT (Information, Communications, & Technology) Literacy Information, Media, & Technology Skills Use technology to access, manage, integrate and evaluate information, construct knowledge, and communicate with others Professional Development Learning Environments Source: Partnership for 21 st Century Skills www. 21 stcenturyskills. org/index. php? option=com_content&task=view&id=254&Itemid=120 Stevan Kalmon Council on 21 st Century Learning July 2011
21 st Century Learners use skills, resources, and tools to: 1. Inquire, think critically, and gain knowledge. 2. Draw conclusions, make informed decisions, apply knowledge to new situations, and create new knowledge. 3. Share knowledge and participate ethically and productively as members of our democratic society. 4. Pursue personal and aesthetic growth. Within each area: § Skills § Dispositions in Action § Responsibilities § Self-Assessment Strategies American Association of School Librarians, Standards for the 21 st Century Learner, www. ala. org/ala/aaslproftools/learningstandards/standards. cfm Stevan Kalmon Council on 21 st Century Learning July 2011
“Industrial” Content Standards Survey of standards across the nation DECLARATIVE PROCEDURAL Know about… Know how to. . Science 92% 8% Mathematics 49% 51% History 98% 2% Geography 97% 3% Language Arts 25% (primary) 50% (older) 75% 50% Source: Mc. REL — www. mcrel. org/standards-benchmarks/docs/process. asp (accessed 1/12/08) Stevan Kalmon Council on 21 st Century Learning July 2011
Authentic Assessment Matching learning targets & assessments Selected Response Extended Written Response Performance Assessment Personal Communication Can assess recall and application of facts and concepts Good for showing understanding of relationships among facts or concepts Time consuming; hard to identify specific knowledge gaps Time consuming Reasoning Can assess some Can demonstrate Proficiency patterns of complex reasoning Can infer reasoning through observation of problem-solving Can observe reasoning by asking students “think about” questions Skills Can determine skills by observing performance Only when skill involves oral communication Knowledge Mastery Only to assess pre-requisite knowledge Stevan Kalmon Council on 21 st Century Learning Only to assess pre-requisite knowledge Ainsworth and Viegut, Common Formative Assessment (2006) July 2011
Informative Assessment of learning: Assessment for learning: How much have students learned at a point in time? Rank Sort Certify competence Grade Assure accountability Teacher instructing student Stevan Kalmon Council on 21 st Century Learning Where is the student on the journey to learning goals? Determine strengths Identify needs Devise strategies Provide feedback Motivate Teacher &student in a learning community Transformative Assessment (2008), by James Popham July 2011
Assessment Techniques Rubric-based self-assessment Assessment cards Short-constructed response Reading letters Reflection at end of assignments Reflection at end of class Traffic light Thumbs up/thumbs down Stevan Kalmon Council on 21 st Century Learning July 2011 Handheld response systems (“clickers”) Highlighting rubrics Comparing work to exemplars Logs or journals Sorting work examples into categories of performance Writer’s notebook Conferencing Source: Research by C 2 D 3 — Colorado Consortium for Data-Driven Decisionmaking
Impact of Formative Assessment Fullan: “Highest Yield Reform” Study Standard Deviation Gains* Bloom (1984) Black and William (1998) 1. 0 to 2. 0. 5 to 1. 0 Meisels, et al. (2003) Rodriguez (2004) . 7 to 1. 5. 5 to 1. 8 * Rivals one-on-one tutorial instruction ** Largest gains for low achievers *1. 0 Standard Deviation Score Gain Equals: 35 Percentile Points 2 -4 Grade Equivalents 100 SAT Score Points 5 ACT Composite Score Points Stevan Kalmon Council on 21 st Century Learning July 2011 Source: Research by C 2 D 3 — Colorado Consortium for Data-Driven Decisionmaking
Making Connections From Equipping Every Learner for the 21 st Century, Cisco (2008) http: //www. cisco. com/web/about/citizenship/socio-economic/docs/Global. Ed. WP. pdf
Media Use: Which & When From Equipping Every Learner for the 21 st Century, Cisco (2008) http: //www. cisco. com/web/about/citizenship/socio-economic/docs/Global. Ed. WP. pdf
Web 2. 0 Artifacts Ø Ø Ø Connection/Relationshi p Distributed knowledge, leadership, & expertise Creating/Prosuming “The web is about participation, not publishing. ” Tim O’Reilly, “What is Web 2. 0? ” Stevan Kalmon Council on 21 st Century Learning July 2011
Rigor & Relevance Rigor: Cognitive Processing Create - 6 Evaluate - 5 Synthesize - 4 Assimilation Adaptation Acquisition Application Analyze - 3 Understand - 2 *Remember - 1 *“New Bloom’s, ” based on Anderson & Krathwohl, A Taxonomy for Learning, Teaching, and Assessing (2001) 1 – Possess knowledge in one discipline 2 – Apply knowledge in one discipline 3 – Apply knowledge across disciplines 4 – Apply knowledge to predictable realworld situations Relevance: Application Adapted from “Rigor/Relevance Framework, ” by Willard Daggett, Stevan Kalmon Council on 21 st Century Learning www. leadered. com/rigor. html (accessed 7 -13 -08) July 2011 5 – Apply knowledge to unpredictable real-world situations
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