Sedimentary Petrology GEO 333 Lab 1 Introduction 2009

Sedimentary Petrology GEO 333 Lab (1) Introduction 2009 Mansour Al-Hashim

Objectives of Lab 1 n Syllabus n Course Objectives n Equipment n Introduction n Main Minerals of Sedimentary Rocks

Syllabus (1) n Instructor: Mansour Al-Hashim n Office hours: Saturday through Wednesday 2 -4 pm n Room: 1 B 58 n Email: malhashim@ksu. edu. sa n Course: Sedimentary Petrology (GEO 333)

Syllabus (2) n Recommended texts: 1) Petrology of Sedimentary Rocks by Robert L. Folk, 1974. Hemphill Publishing Company, Austin, Texas, USA. 2) Sedimentary Petrology by Tucker, M. E. , 2001, 3 rd edition. Blackwell Science, Oxford, UK. 3) Sedimentary Petrology by Blatt, H. , 1992, 2 nd edition. Freeman Co. , New York, USA.

Syllabus (3) n Recommended texts: 1) Origin of sedimentary rocks by Blatt, H. , Middleton, G. V. , and Murray, R. , 1980, 2 nd edition. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 782 p. 2) Sand sandstone by Pettijohn, F. J. , Potter, P. E. , and Siever, R. , 1987. Springer-Verlag, Berlin.

Syllabus (4) Grading Ø Laboratory exercises (4 pts. ) Ø Short quizzes (4 pts. ) Ø Attendance, participation, and effort (2 pts. ) Ø First exam (10 pts. ) Ø Final exam (10 pts. ) Note: for a detailed syllabus, see attached Word file (not ready yet!) n

Course Objectives (1) n Knowing the basic concepts in the classification of sedimentary rocks. n Knowing the processes that erode, transport, and deposit sediments. n Observing physical characteristics of sedimentary rocks, especially mineral composition and texture.

Course Objectives (2) n Understanding the main classifications used in clastic sedimentology. n Using some statistical methods and quantitative techniques in sedimentology. n To be introduced to some nomenclatures used to name sediments and sedimentary rocks.

Equipment Lab notebook n Pencils n Calculator n Hand lenses n Grain size cards n

Introduction Sedimentary processes of weathering, transportation, and deposition produce three products: 1. Quartz (Conglomerate and Sandstone) 2. Clay (Shale and Mudstone) 3. Ca. CO 3 (Limestone and Dolomite)

Bowen’s Reaction Series From csmres. jmu. edu

Weathering Except for quartz, all other rock-forming minerals either dissolve or decompose to form new minerals. n Quartz does not weather (chemically). n Orthoclase weathers to form clay. n Ca plagioclase dissolves into solution to form Ca. CO 3. n

From csmres. jmu. edu

Transportation and Sorting n Weathering products are separated by transportation. n The quartz settles quickly and form rocks such as sandstone and siltstone. n The clay stays in suspension until it settles to form shale and mudstone. n The dissolved Ca. CO 3 precipitates to form limestone or dolomite.

Transportation and Sorting From csmres. jmu. edu

From csmres. jmu. edu

The Main Minerals that Form Sedimentary Rocks 1. Quartz 1. Very common on the surface of the Earth. 2. Glassy mineral. Conchoidal fracture. Hardness=7. 3. Strong crystals with no cleavage. 4. A component of many igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. 5. Usually appears light gray in rocks. 6. Similar in appearance to Na Plagioclase.

Quartz From csmres. jmu. edu From mindat. org Si. O 2

The Main Minerals that Form Sedimentary Rocks 2. Clay 1. Forms from the chemical weathering of feldspars (e. g. orthoclase). 2. Extremely fine grained (less than 1/256 mm). 3. Tends to be white or tan, especially if pure. 4. Refers to a group of minerals known as clay minerals.

Clay Shale From csmres. jmu. edu

The Main Minerals that Form Sedimentary Rocks 3. Calcite (Ca. CO 3) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. n Trigonal. Very common. Wide variety of colors. Hardness=3. Highly variable regarding forms and colors. Characteristic properties include low hardness and high reactivity with acids. From "chalix" the Greek word for lime.