SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Sole marks SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Sole marks

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Flute casts

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Tool marks

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Flame Structures

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Geopetal Structures or Which Way is UP? Load structures

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Geopetal Structures or Which Way is UP? Mudcracks

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Geopetal Structures or Which Way is UP? Planar Cross-beds

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Geopetal Structures or Which Way is UP? Trough Cross-beds

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Geopetal Structures or Which Way is UP? Oscillation ripples

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Geopetal Structures or Which Way is UP? Tool marks

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Geopetal Structures or Which Way is UP? Fossils

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Geopetal Structures or Which Way is UP? Fossils

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Sedimentary Structures Geopetal Structures or Which Way is UP? Raindrop Impressions

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Interpretation of Sedimentary Rocks Provide information about conditions in and near the site of deposition Such as: source area from composition amount of transport erosion Qtz vs. Feldspar (clay and iron compounds) vs Ferromagnesians Immature vs mature

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Classification of Sedimentary Rocks "Systems of classification are not hatracks, objectively presented to us by nature. They are dynamic theories developed to express particular views. . . " Stephen Jay Gould

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Classification of Sedimentary Rocks

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Classification of Sedimentary Rocks

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Classification of Sedimentary Rocks TEXTURE

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Classification of Sedimentary Rocks

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Classification of Sedimentary Rocks Ø >90% Quartz Ø Cement: silica calcite Quartz Arenite

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Classification of Sedimentary Rocks Ø >25% Feldspar Ø Granitic source Ø Remainder is quartz Ø Cement: clay calcite iron oxides Feldspathic Arenite Arkose

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Classification of Sedimentary Rocks Ø >33% rock fragments Ø Immature sandstone Ø Poorly sorted, angular Ø Remainder is quartz, feldspar Ø Cement: very little mostly clays Lithic Arenite Greywacke

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Classification of Sedimentary Rocks

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Classification of Sedimentary Rocks Carbonates Composition Carbonate rocks consist of limestone and dolostone. The minerals present in each are: Limestone Calcite Aragonite Dolostone Dolomite

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Classification of Sedimentary Rocks Carbonates Most of marine origin Directly or indirectly related to biological processes Skeletal remains may be visible Can be evaporites Changes in water temp. , alkalinity, CO 2 conc. Clear, shallow tropical waters

SEDIMENTARY ARCHIVES Classification of Sedimentary Rocks Carbonates Characteristics of most marine carbonate environments: Warm water Tropical climate (30 ° N - 30 ° S of equator) Shallow water (less than 200 m deep) Clear water (low to no terrigenous input) Sunlight required for photosynthesis by algae