Security Aspects in Space Policy o Security forms

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Security Aspects in Space Policy

Security Aspects in Space Policy

o Security forms an integral part of European Space Policy. o Space-based assets and

o Security forms an integral part of European Space Policy. o Space-based assets and systems are critical to ensuring security on Earth (security from PSC space). o At the same time, these assets need to be protected in the difficult environment of outer space (security of space). o Most space technology, infrastructure, and CSC services can serve both civilian and military objectives.

1. Galileo 2. Copernicus 3. GOVSATCOM PSC 4. Security of space CSC

1. Galileo 2. Copernicus 3. GOVSATCOM PSC 4. Security of space CSC

Galileo

Galileo

The Galileo navigation satellite system will facilitate civil protection operations in harsh environments, speed

The Galileo navigation satellite system will facilitate civil protection operations in harsh environments, speed up rescue operations for people in distress, and provide tools for coastguards and border control authorities. PSC It will also enable new security-related applications that can help locate stolen property or lost pets and individuals. The Galileo Public Regulated Service (PRS) is CSC an encrypted navigation service for governmental authorised users and sensitive applications that require high continuity.

GOVSATCOM

GOVSATCOM

In a context of increased security threats, there is a growing need for secured

In a context of increased security threats, there is a growing need for secured satellite communications (SATCOM) to support institutional users in the execution of security missions and the protection of critical PSC information infrastructure. The European Commission is exploring the possibility of developing the next generation of governmental SATCOM capabilities at CSC European level.

SATCOM services for Security

SATCOM services for Security

SATCOM Civilian Security Users User communities • Border Surveillance • Maritime Security • Police

SATCOM Civilian Security Users User communities • Border Surveillance • Maritime Security • Police missions • Civil Protection • Humanitarian Aid • Transport Facilities • EU Civil CSDP Missions and Operations Infrastructures using critical SATCOMs • Transport Infrastructures • including Single European Sky ATM dimension, ERTMS, e. Call initiative • Integrates Information Infrastructure • The European Border Surveillance System (EUROSUR) • The Common Information Sharing Environment (CISE) for integrated maritime surveillance • Space Infrastructures Emerging Trends • Drones • RPAS, including EGNOS GALILEO and COPERNICUS • EU Institutional Communications • Waterborne Drones • Artic communications 9

Security of space SST

Security of space SST

Space-based products and services rely on satellites which must be monitored and protected against

Space-based products and services rely on satellites which must be monitored and protected against threats to ensure a safe and uninterrupted service. At the same time, people on Earth must be also be protected PSC against space hazards such as asteroid strikes. Three main themes: • Space debris (SST) • [Space weather phenomena] • [Near-Earth Objects] CSC Only the first one is for the time being addressed in the EC

Space Surveillance and Tracking Preparatory Work Military User Requirements Security CSC Recommendations Discussions with

Space Surveillance and Tracking Preparatory Work Military User Requirements Security CSC Recommendations Discussions with MS owning SST Assets Commission Proposal Civil User Requirements High Level Civ Mil SST PSC Requirements

 DÉCISION No 541/2014/UE of 16/04/2014 Assessment SST Candidate Member States Commission Coordination SST

DÉCISION No 541/2014/UE of 16/04/2014 Assessment SST Candidate Member States Commission Coordination SST Committee Participating Member States National Entities E U S C Anti. Collision Breakups & Collisions SST Consortium Funding Programmes: Copern icus Galileo Risky Re-entry SST Services H 2020 Satellite Operators COMMSSION EEAS Civil Protection SST Users

Space Surveillance and Tracking Timelines 2015 2017 1 st 2 nd 2018 -2020 Grants

Space Surveillance and Tracking Timelines 2015 2017 1 st 2 nd 2018 -2020 Grants 2019 2020 3 rd Prep. 2016 -2017 Grants 2014 -2015 Grants 2018 Initial Services Coordination Plan Procedure for participation of MSs 2016 Prep Implementation Next MFF

Copernicus

Copernicus

The European Earth Observation Programme Copernicus improves emergency response, PSC security by global stability,

The European Earth Observation Programme Copernicus improves emergency response, PSC security by global stability, and homeland contributing to maritime surveillance, border control, and support to external action. CSC

Copernicus • Copernicus, formerly known as the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES)

Copernicus • Copernicus, formerly known as the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES) is an EU-led initiative for an autonomous and operational European Earth monitoring capacities • It aims at providing relevant information to policy-makers and other users, particularly in relation to environment and security 1992 2000 2006 2014 2016 GMES precursor activities GMES Copernicus

Six Operational Services

Six Operational Services

Copernicus Space Component: Dedicated Missions S 1: Radar Mission S 2: High Resolution Optical

Copernicus Space Component: Dedicated Missions S 1: Radar Mission S 2: High Resolution Optical Mission S 3: Medium Resolution Imaging and Altimetry Mission S 4: Geostationary Atmospheric Chemistry Mission S 5 P: Low Earth Orbit Atmospheric Chemistry Precursor Mission S 5: Low Earth Orbit Atmospheric Chemistry Mission S 6 (Jason-CS): Altimetry Mission https: //sentinel. esa. int/web/sentinel/home 19

Copernicus Space Component: Dedicated Missions

Copernicus Space Component: Dedicated Missions

From requirements to Specifications 1. Working Groups EEASEUSC HOMEFRONTEX WG 1: Border Surveillance 2

From requirements to Specifications 1. Working Groups EEASEUSC HOMEFRONTEX WG 1: Border Surveillance 2 0 1 1 MOVE, MARE EMSA WG 2: Support to EU External Actions 2 0 1 3 WG 3: Maritime Surveillance 2. Validation & User Up-taking Projects FP 7 LOBOS SAGRES G-NEXT Mariss GSEXTANT Nereids Dolphin (…) 3. SERVICE PORTFOLIO AND SPECIFICATIONS 2 0 1 4

Copernicus - Security Implementation Operators Border Surveillance Service Portfolio 2 0 1 5 Support

Copernicus - Security Implementation Operators Border Surveillance Service Portfolio 2 0 1 5 Support to EU External Actions Service Portfolio 2 0 1 6 Inter-Agency cooperation Industrial Base Maritime Surveillanc e 2 0 1 5 Service Portfolio

 • Service overview

• Service overview

 • BORDER SURVEILLANCE • Delegation of Operations to Since Nov 2015 Scope: Support

• BORDER SURVEILLANCE • Delegation of Operations to Since Nov 2015 Scope: Support to EUROSUR

Border Surveillance Land areas Maritime areas Pre-frontier Monitoring Maritime Domain Awareness COOPERATIVE NON COOPERATIVE

Border Surveillance Land areas Maritime areas Pre-frontier Monitoring Maritime Domain Awareness COOPERATIVE NON COOPERATIVE COOPERATIVE Change detection COOPERATIVE satellite + reporting + in-situ sensor NON COOPERATIVE Validation of the Concept and user up-taking: SAGRES and LOBOS projects (2013 -14);

EUROSUR FUSION SERVICES 8 Services Coastal Monitoring Service Pre Frontier Monitoring Service Reference Imagery

EUROSUR FUSION SERVICES 8 Services Coastal Monitoring Service Pre Frontier Monitoring Service Reference Imagery / Mapping Maritime Surveillance of an Area of Interest Vessel Detection Service example 2020 -09 -16 COPERNICUS BORDER SURVEILLANCE SERVICES 26 Vessel Tracking and Reporting Service Anomaly Detection Service Environment al Assessment

EUROSUR FUSION SERVICES Coastal Monitoring Service Pre Frontier Monitoring Service Reference Imagery / Mapping

EUROSUR FUSION SERVICES Coastal Monitoring Service Pre Frontier Monitoring Service Reference Imagery / Mapping Maritime Surveillance of an Area of Interest Vessel Detection Service example 2020 -09 -16 COPERNICUS BORDER SURVEILLANCE SERVICES 27 Vessel Tracking and Reporting Service Anomaly Detection Service Environment al Assessment

EUROSUR FUSION SERVICES Coastal Monitoring Service Pre Frontier Monitoring Service Reference Imagery / Mapping

EUROSUR FUSION SERVICES Coastal Monitoring Service Pre Frontier Monitoring Service Reference Imagery / Mapping Maritime Surveillance of an Area of Interest Vessel Detection Service example 2020 -09 -16 COPERNICUS BORDER SURVEILLANCE SERVICES 28 Vessel Tracking and Reporting Service Anomaly Detection Service Environment al Assessment

 • SUPPORT TO EU EXTERNAL ACTIONS • (SEA) • Delegation of Operations to

• SUPPORT TO EU EXTERNAL ACTIONS • (SEA) • Delegation of Operations to October 2016

Support to EU External Actions • Aims at providing: Geo-spatial intelligence and information for

Support to EU External Actions • Aims at providing: Geo-spatial intelligence and information for situational awareness Rapid on-demand geo-spatial information For crisis prevention, preparedness and response capacities, particularly in conflict situations Specific support to CFSP-CSDP and other security user needs Complementary to the Emergency Management Service Shares common processing capabilities

Support to EU External Actions SEA - Service Portfolio – – – – –

Support to EU External Actions SEA - Service Portfolio – – – – – Reference Mapping Road Status Assessment Conflict Damage Assessment Critical Infrastructure Analysis Support to Evacuation Plans Crisis Situation Mapping Border Mapping Camp Analysis & Monitoring Activity Reports 31

Support to Maritime Surveillance • SUPPORT TO MARITIME SURVEILLANCE • Delegation of Operations to

Support to Maritime Surveillance • SUPPORT TO MARITIME SURVEILLANCE • Delegation of Operations to Since Dec -2015

Support to Maritime Surveillance An Integrated approach Underpinning principle: Share data for economy of

Support to Maritime Surveillance An Integrated approach Underpinning principle: Share data for economy of scale in surveillance costs Need to take into consideration data policy and sensitivity aspects –Border Control –Maritime Safety and Security –Defence –Customs Authorities –Law enforcement –Marine Environment –Fisheries Control WG on Maritime Surveillance May 2014 : • Implementation Recommendations • Service Portfolio Validation of the concept and user up-taking: Several R&D projects; Operations as from early 2016 : EMSA

Support to Maritime Surveillance Combination of Technology / Data Fusion • • • Satellite

Support to Maritime Surveillance Combination of Technology / Data Fusion • • • Satellite data (radar, optical) Vessel reporting systems (AIS, VMS, LRIT) UAV surveillance Novel sensor concepts

Support to Maritime Surveillance Data Fusion Image Interpretation e. g. Anti-piracy support for merchant

Support to Maritime Surveillance Data Fusion Image Interpretation e. g. Anti-piracy support for merchant fleet monitoring rtesy of EMSA e. g. Ports Monitoring • • EMSA data EUNAVFOR data EU LRIT Int. LRIT up to 85% Sat-AIS Piracy Risk register (incl. measures, communication info) Ship-AIS Piracy incidents Optical satellite imagery Potential source for value added information (e. g. surveillance) 35

Thank you

Thank you