SECTIONALISM North V South Geography of the North

SECTIONALISM North V. South

Geography of the North ■ Four distinct seasons ■ jagged New England coast with rocky soil ■ Thick forests in New England ■ Wide plains with rich soil in New York, Pennsylvania, and New Jersey

Economy of the North ■ economy based on manufacturing ■ steam-powered machinery ■ Unskilled laborers worked in factories. ■ The new reaper cut grain more efficiently than a man with a scythe.

Transportation of the North ■ National Road ■ steamboats and clipper ships ■ Erie Canal ■ 20, 000 miles of railroads

Society of the North ■ Growing numbers lived in cities. ■ African Americans were free but not equal. ■ Immigrants from Ireland Germany

Geography of the South ■ mild winters and hot, humid summers ■ coastal plains with swamps and marshes ■ rolling hills and mountain hollows ■ broad, flat rivers

Economy of the South ■ economy based on agriculture small farms ■ Plantations used slaves to raise cash crops, especially cotton. ■ Tredegar Iron Works

Transportation of the South ■ steam-powered riverboats ■ cotton shipped down the rivers ■ The Mississippi River was the mightiest southern river. ■ 10, 000 miles of rail

Society of the South ■ Rich planters lived in large mansions. ■ Some white farmers owned their own small farms. ■ Free African Americans worked as craftspeople, servants, and laborers. ■ Wealthy planters enslaved African Americans.