SECTIONALISM AND THE NATIONAL ECONOMY 1816 1840 Henry

SECTIONALISM AND THE NATIONAL ECONOMY (1816 -1840)

Henry Clay's American System � Second National Bank voted by Congress in 1816. � Dependence on Europe’s economy and politics have now decreased significantly.

Tariff of 1816 � Purpose? � First protective tariff in U. S. History � Started a protective trend in U. S. trade � Calhoun vs. Webster vs. Clay

Internal Improvements � Bonus Bill � Jeffersonians opposed direct federal support of intrastate internal improvements; saw it as a states’ rights issue � Prior to Civil War, most internal improvements (except railroads) were done at the expense of state and local governments

Era of Good Feelings James Monroe elected President � Continued VA Dynasty � Carried out most of the ideals Jefferson established. (Hamilton’s financial plan, expansion, loose construction in certain cases) �

Era of Good Feelings Emerging sectionalism (east, west and south) � Tariff issue (east and south opposed; west in favor) � Internal improvements (east and south opposed; west in favor) � Bank of U. S. (BUS) (west and south opposed; eastern bankers in favor) � Sale of public lands (east opposed; west and south in favor) � Panic of 1819 resulted in western hostility toward eastern bankers. � Issue of slavery in Missouri created increased sectionalism (north vs. south) � Republican party enjoying 1 -party rule began developing factions eventually leading to the 2 nd Party System in the 1830 s. �

Panic of 1819 � Economic panic and depression � Causes � Results � Monroe reelected in 1820 with all but one electoral vote… Only president in history to be elected after a major panic.

The Growing West � New states' characteristics � Maintaining a sectional balance in Congress was a supreme goal. � Reasons for westward expansion � Western Population and influence

Missouri Compromise � Missouri asked Congress to enter the union in 1819 � Tallmadge Amendment- The Senate refused to pass the amendment and a crisis hung over the nation. � Provisions � Balance of Free and Slave states

Missouri Compromise

John Marshall � His decisions greatly increased power of the federal government over the states. � Fletcher v. Peck (1810) � Mc. Culloch v. Maryland (1819) � Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) � Gibbons v. Ogden -- 1824

Mc. Culloch v. Maryland 1819 • Second National Bank of the United States decision upheld the power of Congress to charter a bank as a government agency • Denied the state the power to tax that agency. • Upheld the power of the federal government over that of the states as well •

Gibbons vs. Ogden 1824 • NY tried to grant a monopoly of river commerce btwn NY/NJ to a private company. • This case ruled that only the federal government has authority over interstate commerce. • • No state monopolies!

Foreign Policy after the War of 1812 � Rush-Bagot Treaty � Treaty of 1818 � U. S. gains Spanish Florida-Jackson and First Seminole war � Monroe Doctrine

Rush Bagot Treaty � 1817 � Madison still in office � Significantly limited naval armament on the Great Lakes

Treaty of 1818 � Made with Britain � John Quincy Adams � Secretary of State � American Canadian Border, Oregon Territory

Acquisition of Florida � First Seminole War (1816 -1818) � Andrew Jackson sweeps through Florida and captures Spanish cities. (Disobeyed direct orders from Monroe) � John Q. Adams and Monroe Ultimatum � Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819

Monroe Doctrine Written by J. Q. A. � Leave America Alone! � U. S. would regard attempts at European control in the Americas as a personal threat. � Europe should no longer colonize the American continents. � U. S. would not interfere in European affairs. �

Impacts of the Monroe Doctrine � Immediate impact of Monroe Doctrine was small � Long Term Impact: Monroe doctrine became cornerstone of US foreign policy during the last half of the 19 th century and throughout the 20 th century. � J. Q. A. becomes the most significant secretary of state.