Sectional Anatomy of the Brain Dr G R

Sectional Anatomy of the Brain Dr. G. R. Leichnetz

Coronal Sections

Coronal Section: Head of Caudate Superior frontal gyrus Middle frontal gyrus Cingulate gyrus Inferior frontal gyrus Corpus callosum Septum pellucidum Anterior horn, Lateral ventricle Lateral sulcus Insular cortex Anterior limb, internal capsule Head of caudate nucleus Rostrum, corpus callosum

Coronal Section: Striatum Superior frontal gyrus Middle frontal gyrus Cingulate gyrus Septum pellucidum separating lateral ventricles Inferior frontal gyrus (Broca’s area) Insular cortex Putamen Anterior limb, internal capsule Caudate nucleus (head)

MRI Coronal Section: Striatum T 2 Middle frontal gyrus Superior frontal gyrus Ant. limb, int. capsule Inferior frontal gyrus Caudate nucleus Putamen

Coronal Section: Anterior Commissure/ Optic Chiasm Fornix Interventricular foramen of Monro Globus pallidus Fornix columns split above anterior commissure Putamen Claustrum Lateral sulcus Superior temporal gyrus Opening in lamina terminalis Optic chiasm

Coronal Section: Optic Chiasm Closeup Extreme capsule Fornix Caudate Interventricular foramen of Monro connects lateral ventricle to third ventricle External capsule Internal capsule Putamen Choroid plexus Globus pallidus Fornix columns over anterior commissure External segment Internal segment AC Basal forebrain Claustrum Hole in lamina terminalis exposes front end of third ventricle Optic chiasm

MRI Coronal Section: Optic Chiasm T 2 Caudate nucleus Putamen Globus pallidus Amygdala Optic chiasm

Coronal Section: Thalamus/ Amygdala Interventricular foramen of Monro connects lateral ventricle to third ventricle Fornix Globus pallidus Caudate (body) Putamen Posterior limb, internal capsule Insular cortex Thalamus Superior temporal gyrus Amygdala Middle temporal gyrus Hypothalamus Optic tract

Coronal Section: Thalamus/ Amygdala Closeup Caudate Fornix Posterior limb, internal capsule Interventricular foramen Thalamus Putamen Globus pallidus Third ventricle External segment Internal segment Fornix Hypothalamus Claustrum Amygdala Optic nerve Optic chiasm Optic tract

Caudate nucleus Putamen & Globus pallidus Amygdala Third ventricle

Coronal Section: Subthalamus/ Mammillary Bodies Fornix Third ventricle Thalamus Subthalamus Hippocampus Mammillary Bodies (hypothalamus) Uncus Parahippocampal gyrus

Coronal Section: Subthalamus/ Mammillary Bodies Caudate nucleus Posterior limb, internal capsule Fornix Putamen Thalamus Subthalamic nucleus Temporal horn of lateral ventricle Globus pallidus Subthalamus Optic tract Hippocampus Mammillary bodies Uncus of parahippocampal gyrus

Coronal Section: Subthalamus/ Hippocampus Posterior limb, internal capsule Putamen & Globus pallidus Subthalamus Thalamus Hippocampus III Parahippocampal gyrus Superior transverse temporal gyri Temporal horn, lateral ventricle

Coronal Section: Subthalamus Closeup Caudate nucleus Fornix Post. limb, internal capsule Thalamus Globus pallidus Third ventricle Putamen Subthalamic nucleus Optic tract Fimbria of fornix (origin from hippocampus) Hippocampus Oculomotor nerves (III) exit from interpeduncular fossa

Coronal Section: Pulvinar/ Rostral Midbrain Caudalmost third ventricle into cerebral aqueduct Pulvinar of thalamus Lateral geniculate nucleus Substantia nigra Crus cerebri Hippocampus Parahippocampal gyrus Oculomotor nerves (III) exit interpeduncular fossa

Coronal Section: Pulvinar/ Rostral Midbrain Closeup Cerebral aqueduct Fornix Substantia nigra Crus cerebri Pulvinar Red nucleus Temporal horn, lateral ventricle Lateral geniculate nucleus Hippocampus III Parahippocampal gyrus

Coronal Section: Pulvinar/Midbrain Pineal gland Cingulate gyrus Splenium of corpus callosum Substantia nigra Pulvinar Lateral geniculate nucleus Cerebral aqueduct Hippocampus Red nucleus Small part of basilar pons Interpeduncular fossa

Coronal Section: Midbrain II The lateral ventricle extends into the temporal horn (trigone) Pulvinar, caudal end of thalamus Fornix originates from the hippocampus Splenium of corpus callosum Hippocampal commissure (below splenium) connects the two hippocampi Optic radiations (vertical sheet) course caudally in the wall of the lateral ventricle toward cuneus & lingual gyri Superior colliculus Parahippocampal gyrus Basilar pons

Coronal Section: Midbrain II Closeup Trigone (body of lateral ventricle courses ventrally to join temporal horn) Crus of fornix Fimbria of fornix Pulvinar Medial geniculate body Splenium Hippocampal commissure Superior colliculus Cerebral aqueduct and periaqueductal gray Oculomotor nucleus Hippocampus Basilar pons Substantia nigra

Superior colliculus Goss Cerebral aqueduct Rostral Midbrain Substantia nigra Crus cerebri (cerebral peduncle) Oculomotor nerve (III)

Inferior colliculus Goss Cerebral aqueduct Trochlear nerve (IV) Decussation of superior cerebellar peduncle Caudal Midbrain Basilar pons

Anterior medullary velum Rostral 4 th ventricle Goss Superior cerebellar peduncle Rostral Pons Pontine tegmentum Locus ceruleus Basilar pons

Goss Caudal Pons Vermis Fourth ventricle Facial colliculus Pontine tegmentum Middle cerebellar peduncle Superior cerebellar peduncle Basilar pons

Rostral Medulla Deep Cerebellar Nuclei Goss

Cross Sections: Rostral Medulla Deep cerebellar nuclei Vermis Choroid plexus in 4 th ventricle Middle cerebellar peduncle Flocculus Inferior cerebellar peduncle Lateral recess of 4 th ventricle Foramen of Luschka Glossopharyngeal (IX) and vagus (X) nerves exit postolivary sulcus Inferior olivary nucleus CN IX & X Corticospinal tract in medullary pyramid Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)

Fasciculus graciclis Goss Nucleus gracilis Caudal Medulla Nucleus cuneatus Spinal nucleus V Pyramidal tract Fasciculus cuneatus

MRI Horizontal Sections The planes of horizontal MRI’s are parallel to the top of the head. A section through the thalamus shows all portions of the internal capsule.

Horizontal Section: Internal Capsule Putamen Third ventricle Globus pallidus Posterior commissure, pineal gland Anterior limb, internal capsule Cuneus and lingual gyri Genu, internal capsule Thalamus Genu, corpus callosum Caudate nucleus Septum pellucidum separates lateral ventricles Fornix and interventricular foramen Posterior horn, lateral ventricle Posterior limb, internal capsule Optic radiations

MRI Horizontal Section T 2 Lentiform nucleus (putamen & globus pallidus) Thalamus Caudate nucleus Genu, corpus callosum Splenium, corpus callosum Ant. limb, int. capsule Genu, int. capsule Post. limb, int. capsule