section 6 b PC Operating Systems This lesson

section 6 b PC Operating Systems

This lesson includes the following sections: • • UNIX DOS The Macintosh Operating System Windows 3. x OS/2 Warp Windows NT Windows 95 and 98 Linux • Windows 2000

UNIX • UNIX is the oldest operating system used on PCs. • UNIX was the first multi-user, multiprocessor, multitasking operating system available for use on PCs. • UNIX-initially development by Bell Labs in the 1970 s. Bell Labs distributed the source code and allow users to modify it. • Two major families of UNIX • System V: development by AT&T • BSD UNIX: development by UC. Berkeley • Most versions of UNIX use a command-line interface, but some versions offer a GUI.

UNIX • To make UNIX more user-friendly, developer have created windows-based GUI for UNIX • MOTIF • Open. Look • All based on a windows standard called Xwindows

DOS • DOS dominated the operating system market during the 1980 s. • DOS is a single-user OS that supports only 640 KB of memory. • DOS features a command-line interface, and does not support multitasking or multiprocessing. • Because DOS provides no interface restrictions, DOS applications can look and function differently.

An Application Running Under DOS

The Macintosh Operating System • The Macintosh OS supports the graphical nature of the Macintosh computer. • The Mac OS brought the first truly graphical user interface to consumers. • The Mac OS also brought interface conformity to the desktop. All applications running under the Mac OS, therefore, provided the same "look and feel" to the user.

Windows 3. x • Windows 3. 0, 3. 1, and 3. 11 (Windows for Workgroups) are called the Windows 3. x family. • Windows 3. x brought a GUI and multitasking capabilities to PCs running DOS. • Windows 3. x is an operating environment because it ran on top of DOS, which was the actual OS.

OS/2 Warp • OS/2 Warp was the first true GUI-based operating system for Intel-based PCs. • OS/2 is a multitasking OS that provides support for networking and multiple users. • It was the first PC OS to feature built-in speech recognition capabilities.

Windows NT • Microsoft's Windows NT (New Technology) was meant as a replacement for DOS, but was too resource- intensive to work on most PCs at the time of its release. • Microsoft issued two versions of Windows NT— Windows NT Workstation and Windows NT Server. • NT is a very powerful and robust OS, resistant to system crashes.

Windows NT Workstation • Windows NT runs on system that use Intel, AMD, Cyrix, Alpha, Power. PC, and other RISC-based processors. • Windows NT Workstation is typically used for individual, stand-alone PCs. • NT Workstation incorporates • Greater security: • Account • File protection: NTFS (NT File System) • Fault tolerance: • Disk mirroring

Windows NT Workstation 4. 0

Windows NT Server • Designed for file server, print server, and network server • Incorporate all the features of Windows NT • Support RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) • Disk duplexing • Disk striping • Disk mirroring

Windows 9 x • Windows 95 was Microsoft's first true GUI-based, 32 -bit operating system for Intel PCs. • Difference between Windows 3. x and Windows 95 • 32 -bit OS (Operating System) • Preemptive multitasking v. s. cooperative multitasking • Improved graphical interface • Offer a Plug and Play standard

Windows 95 was designed primarily to run 32 -bit applications, but it would run older 16 -bit applications designed for Windows 3. x and DOS

Windows 98 • Windows 98's features include advanced Internet capabilities, an improved user interface, and enhanced file system performance, among others. • Active Desktop • Let you browse the Internet and local computer in a similar manner • Windows Update • FAT 32 -a 32 -bit implementation of the FAT file system

Linux • Linux is a recently developed version of UNIX, which is available for free or at a very low cost from various sources. • Linux is a very powerful 32 -bit OS that supports multitasking, multiple users, networking, and virtually any application. • Linux can run on nearly any type of computer. • Because of its power and openness, Linux is attracting many users, including students, teachers, Internet service providers, and others.

Windows 2000 • Windows 2000 features the same interface and features of Windows 98, with the file system, networking, power, and stability of Windows NT. • Several versions of Windows 2000 are available, each targeting a specific user or computing environment, from home PCs to large enterprise networks. • Professional: SMP (symmetric multiprocessing with up to two processors) • Server Standard Edition: network server for the average business • Advanced Server: SMP with up to four processors • Data Center Server: for large-application server

Windows XP • Windows XP is available in two different editions • The Home edition and the Professional edition.

Windows. Net • Windows. NET Enterprise Server includes • Application Center • Biz. Talk Server: building business processes • Commerce Server: create and maintain ecommerce infrastructure • Exchange Server: email server • Internet Security and Acceleration Server: provides for internet connectively

Windows. Net • Windows. NET Enterprise Server includes • Mobile Information Server: setup and maintenance of intranet sites • SQL server: database server

Embedded Operating System • Embedded operating system • Built into the circuitry of an electron device • Unlike PC that resides on a magnetic disk • Palm. OS • Windows CE: Microsoft version of an embedded system • Pocket PC OS: A specific type of operating system that Microsoft developed to user on smaller versions of handheld computers.

Palm

lesson 6 b review • List all the major PC operating systems. • Identify some of the limitations of DOS. • List two features that made the Macintosh OS popular. • Differentiate between the terms operating environment and operating system. • List the various versions of Windows.