Section 3 France and Britain Clash Queen Anne

Section 3: France and Britain Clash

Queen Anne � Reigned 1702 -1714 � Acts of Union • Union with Scotland Act passed by English Parliament (1706) • Union with England Act passed by Scottish Parliament (1707) � 1707 – Creation of Great Britain

War of Spanish Succession (1702 -1714) � King Charles II of Spain died � Gave all of his lands to Philip (later King Philip V), secondoldest grandson of King Louis XIV of France � Other European powers worried he would inherit too much � Spanish partitioned empire Austria received European land • Philip received Spain and Spanish America, but not allowed to rule France •

King George I � Reigned 1714 -1727 � Following 1689 Bill of Rights, 1701 Act of Settlement banned Catholics and those who married Catholics from the throne, so George succeeded Anne � Modified by 2013 Succession to the Crown Act – those who marry Catholics can succeed � Prime Minister Tony Blair waited to convert to Catholic until after he left office

King George II �Reigned 1727 -1760 �Born outside Britain (last to be born outside) �Last British monarch to lead an army in battle during War of Austrian Succession

War of Jenkins’ Ear � 1739 -1748 �Britain vs. Spain �Jenkins – captain of British merchant ship – ear cut off by Spanish coast guard in 1731

War of Austrian Succession � Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina – female ruler of Habsburg lands � European countries denied her right to succeed to the Austrian throne and claimed portions of Austrian land � Primarily Austria Prussia vs.

Ohio River Valley �British colonies expanding westward at fast rate, leading into French territory �French claimed Ohio country for their fur trade �British land companies and settlers wanted to expand into Ohio country � 1740 s – British fur traders moved in

Fort Pickawillany �British fur traders Pickawillany established Fort �French attacked fort and built their own string of forts along the rivers, closer to the British colonies �Britain expanded into Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, and Hudson Bay region

Louisbourg � 1740 s – French troops raided towns in ME and NY � New Englanders captured French fortress of Louisbourg during War of Jenkin’s Ear � Britain returned the fort, colonists were angry when they “heard” about it

(Most) Native Americans Side with France �French mainly interested in trading for furs and fishing – less likely to steal land �Better relations, many trappers and traders married Native American women �French actively tried to convert Native Americans to Catholicism

Iroquois Confederacy �Iroquois – most powerful group of Native Americans in the East � 1570 – confederacy formed: • • • Mohawk Seneca Cayuga Onondaga Oneida

Iroquois Confederacy �Initially tried to play both sides but later gave in to British pressure, sided with British �Balance of power upset

Washington � 1753 – 21 -year-old George Washington sent by VA Governor Dinwiddie to tell the French to leave the Ohio Valley �French response: No. Please leave.

Fort Duquesne & Fort Necessity � Washington made a lieutenant colonel and sent back with a 150 -man militia (civilians trained to fight in emergences) � French were building Fort Duquesne at modern day Pittsburgh � Washington’s forces built Fort Necessity It was a “necessity” to hold on to the fort and capture Fort Duquesne Washington’s attacked, and… forces

Defeat � …were defeated Washington’s forces surrendered and were later released BUT � Washington’s written account was published and his fame spread � Colonists viewed him as a hero BRITAIN!

Albany Plan of Union � Colonial representatives of 7 colonies met in Albany, NY to discuss war threat � Adopted plan of Benjamin Franklin – “one general government” for 11 of the colonies � Legislature would • Collect taxes • Raise troops • Regulate trade � 2 Branches: • Grand Council have power to: (appointed by colonial governments • President General (appointed by Britain) Delaware part of PA Georgia omitted

Epic Fail � The colonial legislatures were unwilling to give up any of their power to a national government � Franklin = disappointed “Everyone cries, a union is necessary, but when they come to the manner and form of the union, their weak noodles [brains] are perfectly distracted. ”

Section 3 Assessment 1) Write a short paragraph that uses the terms Iroquois Confederacy and militia. - Student work should reflect correct use of terms. 2) List two reasons the French felt threatened by British interest in the Ohio River Valley. - Tradition of rivalry between the two nations; threat to their profitable fur trade with Native Americans; competition over resources, land, and fishing grounds. 3) Why did colonists consider George Washington a hero, even after he was defeated by the French? - His bravery in making the first move against the French made him a hero.

Section 3 Assessment 4) Re-read Benjamin Franklin’s quote on this page. What was his reaction to the colonies’ refusal to accept the Albany Plan of Union? - Franklin was frustrated that although the colonies expressed their desire for a union, they were unwilling to give up enough power to form one. 5) Re-create the diagram below and explain the powers the legislature would have under the Albany Plan Collect taxes Raise troops Regulate trade 6) Study the map on page 117. What countries claimed land in North America? - Britain, France, Spain What power controlled most of what is present-day Canada? - Britain If you live in North America, what country controlled the region where you live? - Great Britain