Section 3 1 Describe Internet hardware and software

Section 3. 1 • Describe Internet hardware and software • Explain Internet protocols • Compare intranets, extranets, and the Internet Section 3. 2 • Identify URL components • Compare Web browsers • Use search engines

Section 3. 3 • Describe Web development applications and hardware • Describe connectivity components • Insert external hyperlinks Section 3. 4 • Explain how to download files responsibly • Summarize copyright and fair use laws • Cite digital sources • Evaluate Web site content

3. 1 pp. The Internet 62 -66 Guide to Reading Main Ideas Key Terms Protocols allow computers to communicate. People often use the Internet to communicate with other users. Intranets and extranets are networks that are protected from unauthorized access. Internet service provider (ISP) protocol Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) File Transfer Protocol (FTP) intranet extranet

3. 1 The Internet pp. 62 -66 Origins of the Internet The U. S. government developed a network of computers called ARPANET, which became the Internet. The first graphical-user interface (GUI) browser was created in 1990. It allowed users to view graphic, audio, and video files located on the Internet.

3. 1 The Internet pp. 62 -66 How the Internet Works Internet hardware and software allow you to access files from other computers and servers You must be connected to a communication line to access an Internet service provider (ISP) A business that provides a network to customers that they use to access the Internet. (p. 63)

3. 1 The Internet pp. 62 -66 How the Internet Works Internet Protocols: Protocols • Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) • Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) • File Transfer Protocol (FTP) (FTP • Telnet • Gopher • WAIS protocol A set of rules and procedures that specify how data are formatted and transmitted between computer systems. (p. 64) Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) Basic Internet protocol that contains the specific information that allows computers to identify each other and exchange data. (p. 64) Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Used to transfer files from a Web server to a Web browser. (p. 64) File Transfer Protocol (FTP) A standardized method of uploading and downloading files on the Internet. (p. 64)

3. 1 The Internet Resources Communication on the Internet • E-mail • Listserv • Newsgroups or Forums • Chat Rooms • Internet Relay Chat • Instant Messaging Entertainment on the Internet • Multiuser domain games (MUDs) • MUD object–orientated games (MOOs) pp. 62 -66

3. 1 The Internet pp. 62 -66 Other Networks There is basically no technical difference between the Internet, intranets and extranets intranet A LAN or WAN that is designed to make it easy to share information within an organization, such as a business or a school. (p. 66) The differences lie in the ways these networks are used. extranet A type of network that can be accessed by outside or remote users who are authorized to use the network. (p. 66)

3. 2 pp. The Web 68 -72 Guide to Reading Main Ideas Key Terms A URL is an address that identifies a specific Web page. Web browsers have varying capabilities. Search engines help locate sites containing specific information. Users should carefully evaluate all information found online. uniform resource locator (URL) domain name extension accessibility option search engine Web directory keyword Boolean search

3. 2 pp. The Web 68 -72 Uniform Resource Locators (URLs) HTTP requires that Web page URLs be in a standard format. Most addresses consist of four main parts: uniform resource locator (URL) A unique address that enables a browser to locate specific page files on the Web. (p. 68) • Protocol • Address • Directory path • Retrieved file http: //www. mcgraw-hill. com/about/history. html

3. 2 pp. The Web 68 -72 Uniform Resource Locators The address of the Web page includes the domain name The domain name includes a domain name extension domain name Part of a URL that identifies the entity (such as a university, individual, or business) that sponsors the Web site. (p. 68) domain name extension Part of the URL that tells users what type of organization uses the address. (p. 69) http: //www. mcgraw-hill. com/about/history. html

3. 2 The Web pp. 68 -72 Using a Web Browser Web browsers are used to request, retrieve, and view Web pages. There are many different browsers to choose from, including Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator. Different browsers may interpret HTML in different ways.

3. 2 The Web pp. 68 -72 Using a Web Browser Many browsers include accessibility options for differently abled individuals. For example, most browsers let users increase the size of text on the screen. This option helps users with impaired vision read text more easily. accessibility option A feature that allows differently abled individuals to access and use Web pages. (p. 70)

3. 2 pp. The Web 68 -72 Locating Information Online Search tools like search engines and Web directories can help you locate what you are looking for on the Internet. search engine An application that locates information about Web pages and then stores this information in searchable databases that you can access from your browser. (p. 72) Web directory Search tool that catalogs Web sites (not pages) by topic or category. (p. 72)

3. 2 pp. The Web 68 -72 Locating Information Online To use a search engine, you make a search query. Keyword and Boolean searches are two types of queries. keyword An important word related to the specific topic you are trying to locate. (p. 72) Boolean search A type of search that combines keywords in specific ways to locate specific pages. (p. 72)

3. 2 The Web • Activity 3 A – Preview a Web Page (p. 70) • Activity 3 B – Performing a Boolean Search (p. 73) pp. 68 -72

3. 3 Web Site Development Tools pp. Guide to Reading Main Ideas Key Terms The type of hardware and software needed to develop a Web site depends on the size and complexity of the site. You must have access to a Web server to publish a Web site. External links let users move between different Web sites. text editor Web site development application WYSIWYG Web hosting service external hyperlink 74 -78

3. 3 Web Site Development Tools pp. 74 -78 Software Needs The software tools used to create Web sites can be divided into two broad categories: • Text editors • Web site development applications text editor An application used to enter and edit the HTML code in a Web page. (p. 74) Web site development application Sophisticated application package that some Web developers use to create Web sites. Front. Page is one that uses a WYSIWYG interface. (p. 74) WYSIWYG Applications that allow you to create Web pages so that what you see on the screen is very similar to the appearance of the final page; stands for “what you see is what you get. ” (p. 74)

3. 3 Web Site Development Tools pp. Web Page Component Applications The Web designer’s toolbox should include applications for creating and modifying graphics, video, and audio components. 74 -78

3. 3 Web Site Development Tools pp. 74 -78 Hardware and Connectivity Needs Beyond the basic hardware components, many developers use other input and output devices: • Scanner • Digital camera • Microphone Many people also use a Web hosting service to gain access to a Web server. Web hosting service Service that sells Web server space, usually for a monthly fee. (p. 77)

3. 3 Web Site Development Tools pp. 74 -78 Linking to Online Resources Hyperlinks set Web pages apart from other Internet documents. External hyperlinks can connect one page to a page on a different Web site. external hyperlink A hyperlink that takes a user to a page on a different Web site. (p. 77)

3. 3 Web Site Development Tools • Activity 3 C – Inserting External Hyperlinks (p. 77) pp. 74 -78

3. 4 Social, Ethical, and Legal Issues pp. 80 -84 Guide to Reading Main Ideas Key Terms Ethical, social, and legal guidelines govern the use of online resources. Users must respect copyright law and trademark rules when using digital resources and cite their sources whenever possible. Internet Use Agreement Netiquette commercial software shareware freeware copyright

3. 4 Social, Ethical, and Legal Issues pp. 80 -84 The Internet and Society Online communications enable you to share all kinds of information instantly with people around the world. While the Internet helps communications, spending a lot of time at computers can also isolate people. Be sure to balance the time you spend online with other activities.

3. 4 Social, Ethical, and Legal Issues pp. 80 -84 Ethical Internet Use There are rules that online users must follow. They include: • Internet Use Agreements • Netiquette • Protect your privacy Internet Use Agreement Used by organizations such as schools and businesses to regulate online use; also called Acceptable Use Policies or AUPs. (p. 80) Netiquette General guidelines that have developed over the years to guide Internet interactions. (p. 81)

3. 4 Social, Ethical, and Legal Issues pp. 80 -84 Downloading and Copying from the Internet Laws govern what you can legally download from Web sites and how you can use the files. Most software can be categorized as commercial software, software shareware, shareware or freeware commercial software Software that is developed and distributed with the intention of making a profit. (p. 81) shareware Copyrighted software that an author allows to be freely distributed. (p. 81) freeware Software that can be freely copied and used for any legal purpose. (p. 81)

3. 4 Social, Ethical, and Legal Issues pp. 80 -84 Using Information from the Web It is not always legal to copy information from the Web. A copyright may be attached to creative works on the Web. The fair use doctrine allows for small portions of a work to be used for educational purposes. copyright Asserts that only the copyright’s owner has the right to sell his or her work or to allow someone else to sell it. (p. 82)

3. 4 Social, Ethical, and Legal Issues pp. 80 -84 Using Information from the Web To be an effective developer, you will have to learn how to evaluate online resources to determine the quality of the Web site’s information and how to cite digital sources. Wallace, Scott. “Into the Amazon. ” nationalgeographic. com. National Geographic Society. 2003 (accessed July 30, 2003). <http: //magma. nationalgeographic. com/ngm/0308/feat ure 1/index. html>.

3. 4 Social, Ethical, and Legal Issues • Activity 3 D – Adding a Copyright Notice (p. 82) pp. 80 -84

Chapter 3 Resources For more resources on this chapter, go to the Introduction to Web Design Web site at webdesign. glencoe. com.