Section 2 Classifying the Elements MainGroup Elements Groups

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Section 2: Classifying the Elements

Section 2: Classifying the Elements

Main-Group Elements: Groups 1 -2 & 3 A-8 A (s and p orbitals) -wide

Main-Group Elements: Groups 1 -2 & 3 A-8 A (s and p orbitals) -wide range of properties (metals/nonmetals

Main-Group Elements: Groups 1 -2 & 3 A-8 A (s and p orbitals) -wide

Main-Group Elements: Groups 1 -2 & 3 A-8 A (s and p orbitals) -wide range of properties (metals/nonmetals Transition Metals: Groups 3 -12 (d orbitals)

Main-Group Elements: Groups 1 -2 & 3 A-8 A (s and p orbitals) -wide

Main-Group Elements: Groups 1 -2 & 3 A-8 A (s and p orbitals) -wide range of properties (metals/nonmetals Transition Metals: Groups 3 -12 (d orbitals) Inner Transition Metals: (f orbitals) s d p

What’s the number one, most significant factor that groups the elements together? Valence Electrons:

What’s the number one, most significant factor that groups the elements together? Valence Electrons: e–’s in the highest occupied energy level 2 2 p 5 2 2 p 6 1 2 2 s 2 s 3 -lithium (Li) 4 -beryllium (Be) 3 s 1 3 s 2 9 -fluorine (F) 10 -neon (Ne) 3 s 2 3 p 5 11 -sodium 12 -magnesium 17 -chlorine (Na) (Mg) (Cl) 3 s 2 3 p 6 18 -argon (Ar)

Alkali Metals Group # : 1 Valence electrons: 1 soft, metallic solids video clip

Alkali Metals Group # : 1 Valence electrons: 1 soft, metallic solids video clip 1 video clip 2 most reactive metals more reactive down a group b/c… …lose 1 e– easiest Lithium (Li) Sodium (Na) Potassium (K) 1 s 2 2 s 1 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 3 s 2 3 p 6 4 s 1

Alkaline Earth Metals Group # : 2 Valence electrons: 2 reactive metals more reactive

Alkaline Earth Metals Group # : 2 Valence electrons: 2 reactive metals more reactive down a group b/c… …lose 2 e–’s fairly easily Beryllium (Be) 1 s 2 2 s 2 Magnesium (Mg) 1 s 2 2 p 6 3 s 2 Calcium (Ca) 1 s 2 2 p 6 3 s 2 3 p 6 4 s 2

Halogens Group # : 7 A (17) Valence electrons: 7 most reactive nonmetals more

Halogens Group # : 7 A (17) Valence electrons: 7 most reactive nonmetals more reactive at top of group b/c… …gain 1 e– easiest Fluorine (F) 1 s 2 2 p 5 Chlorine (Cl) 1 s 2 2 p 6 3 s 2 3 p 5 Bromine (Br) 1 s 2 2 p 6 3 s 2 3 p 6 4 s 2 4 p 5

Noble Gases Group # : 8 A (18) Valence electrons: 8 unreactive gases b/c…

Noble Gases Group # : 8 A (18) Valence electrons: 8 unreactive gases b/c… …filled valence shell with 8 e–’s (none lost or gained) Helium (He) Neon (Ne) Argon(Ar) 1 s 2 2 s 2 2 p 6 1 s 2 2 p 6 3 s 2 3 p 6

same group , similar chemical properties same group , same # of valence e–’s

same group , similar chemical properties same group , same # of valence e–’s WHY? S O 2

Quick Quiz! 1. Elements in a group in the periodic table… A. have the

Quick Quiz! 1. Elements in a group in the periodic table… A. have the same mass B. have similar properties C. have the same atomic number D. have the same number of valence electrons

Quick Quiz. 2. Alkali metals have how many valence electrons in the highest occupied

Quick Quiz. 2. Alkali metals have how many valence electrons in the highest occupied energy level? A. 8 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

Quick Quiz. 3. Noble gases… A. are the most reactive nonmetals B. are the

Quick Quiz. 3. Noble gases… A. are the most reactive nonmetals B. are the most reactive metals C. are typically unreactive D. have 8 valence electrons

Quick Quiz. 4. Which one of the following is incorrectly labeled? A. Ne, noble

Quick Quiz. 4. Which one of the following is incorrectly labeled? A. Ne, noble gas B. Cu, transition metal C. Sn, nonmetal D. Cl, halogen

Quick Quiz. 5. Transition metals are characterized by having electrons in which orbitals? a.

Quick Quiz. 5. Transition metals are characterized by having electrons in which orbitals? a. s b. p c. d d. f

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