Section 14 1 Your Teeth and Gums Objectives

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums Objectives List the functions of teeth and gums. Identify two structural problems of the teeth and mouth. Describe ways to prevent teeth and gum problems. Slide 1 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums Quick Quiz How many of these statements accurately describe your behaviors? I brush my teeth at least twice a day. I floss my teeth every day. I go to the dentist at least once a year. I limit my intake of sugary foods. When I play a contact sport, I always wear a mouthguard. What changes can you make to take better care of your teeth? Switch to Quick. Take version of the quiz. Slide 2 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums The Teeth and Gums • Your teeth are important for many reasons. • Healthy teeth allow you to chew your food properly and speak clearly. Slide 3 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums Structure of Teeth • Enamel, the hardest material in your body, covers a tooth’s crown. • Cementum covers a tooth’s root and helps to anchor the tooth to the jawbone. • Under the enamel and cementum is dentin, a living material that makes up the majority of a tooth. • A soft tissue called pulp fills the center of each tooth. Slide 4 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums The Gums • The gum is the pink tissue that surrounds the base of your teeth and covers the bone around the teeth. • Healthy gums fit tightly around the neck of each tooth like a collar, holding it firmly in place. Slide 5 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums Incisors Cut food into bite-sized pieces. Premolars Crush and grind food. Molars Crush and grind food. Canines Tear and slash food. Slide 6 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums Enamel Crown Dentin Pulp Gum Neck Cementum Root canal Nerve Blood vessels Slide 7 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums Structural Problems • The changes that occur in the jaws throughout the growing years can lead to structural problems. • Wisdom teeth usually grow in between the ages of 17 and 21. Slide 8 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums Malocclusion • When the upper and lower teeth do not meet properly, the condition is known as a malocclusion (mal uh KLOO zhun), or improper bite. • A severe malocclusion can make chewing difficult or cause the teeth to wear down unevenly. • Orthodontists (awr thuh DAHN tist) are specialists who correct the position of jaws and teeth. Slide 9 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums Impacted Wisdom Teeth • Impacted wisdom teeth either do not have the space to emerge through the gum line or are positioned at an awkward angle. • If impacted wisdom teeth are not removed, they may crowd the other teeth and cause serious gum infections. Slide 10 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums Caring for Your Teeth and Gums • Failing to properly maintain your teeth and gums can cause mouth pain and halitosis, or bad breath. • A healthy diet, proper tooth care, and regular dental checkups can prevent tooth decay and gum disease. Slide 11 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums Healthy Diet • You should eat a well-balanced diet that is low in sugar. • Your diet should include foods that contain calcium and phosphorus—two minerals that help strengthen teeth. Slide 12 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums Brushing • Your mouth is full of bacteria that adhere to your teeth in a sticky film called plaque. • Brush at least twice a day, preferably after every meal. Slide 13 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums Flossing • Dental floss removes food and plaque from areas that a toothbrush cannot reach. • You should floss your teeth once a day. Slide 14 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums Wearing a Mouthguard • Collisions can lead to broken or cracked teeth. • To prevent damage to your teeth during contact sports, wear a mouthguard. Slide 15 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums For: Updates on caring for your teeth Click above to go online. Slide 16 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums Sports Drinks, Soft Drinks, and Your Teeth In this activity, you will observe how various drinks affect eggshells, which are composed of some of the same materials as your teeth. Materials three plastic cups • tape for labeling • three large pieces of eggshell • sports drink • soft drink • water Slide 17 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums Sports Drinks, Soft Drinks, and Your Teeth Try This Label the first cup “sports drink, ” the second cup “soft drink, ” and the third cup “water. ” Place a piece of eggshell in each cup. Pour some of the sports drink into the appropriate cup. Pour the same amount of soft drink into the second cup and water into the third. After three days, discard the liquids and examine each eggshell. Slide 18 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums Sports Drinks, Soft Drinks, and Your Teeth Think and Discuss Describe the appearance of each eggshell after three days. Compare the effects of the sports drink and soft drink. Was there any difference? Considering that teeth and eggshells are composed of similar materials, what did you learn about the effects of these drinks on teeth? Slide 19 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums Dental Checkups • Having regular dental checkups, about twice a year, can identify problems before they become painful or hard to treat. • Because of checkups and other preventive care, young people today generally have fewer cavities than their parents did at the same age. • Some people also visit their dentist to discuss teeth whitening. Slide 20 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums Treating Tooth Decay • When the enamel is broken down, a tiny hole, or cavity, forms. • To repair a cavity, a dentist uses a drill to remove the decay and bacteria and then fills the hole. • If not treated, the decay can spread through all the layers of the tooth and eventually into the root. • During root canal therapy, the dentist removes the infected pulp and replaces it with a rubber-like material. Slide 21 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums Treating Gum Disease Tartar • Plaque hardens into a Pocket material called tartar, which irritates Gum the gums. • The gum irritation caused by plaque and tartar eventually can lead to periodontal disease, or gum disease. • Periodontal disease can be treated surgically by dentists who specialize in gum disease. Slide 22 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums Vocabulary enamel cementum dentin pulp malocclusion orthodontist The material, which is harder than bone, that covers a tooth’s crown. The hard material that covers a tooth’s root. The living material beneath enamel and cementum that makes up most of a tooth. The soft tissue that fills the center of each tooth. A condition in which the upper and lower teeth do not meet properly. A specialist who corrects the position of jaws and teeth. Slide 23 of 25

Section 14. 1 Your Teeth and Gums Vocabulary halitosis plaque tartar periodontal disease Bad breath. A sticky film containing bacteria that adheres to teeth. A hardened form of plaque that irritates the gums. Gum disease that can lead to tooth loss. Slide 24 of 25