Section 1 North America Section 1 North America

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Section 1: North America

Section 1: North America

Section 1: North America Main Idea As people settled in North America, they adapted

Section 1: North America Main Idea As people settled in North America, they adapted to different types of geography by developing different styles of housing and ways of getting food. Objectives • How did cultures adapt to the environment of the Desert West? • How have scientists learned about the mound builders? • How did geography affect the Inuit, the Iroquois, and the Plains Indians?

Section 1: North America During last Ice Age, bottom of Bering Strait became land

Section 1: North America During last Ice Age, bottom of Bering Strait became land bridge (Beringia)

Section 1: North America One theory - early people migrated from Asia across the

Section 1: North America One theory - early people migrated from Asia across the land bridge

I. Western North America Geography of N. America shaped development of diverse cultures

I. Western North America Geography of N. America shaped development of diverse cultures

A. The Northwest coast groups relied on fishing; were expert weavers and woodworkers

A. The Northwest coast groups relied on fishing; were expert weavers and woodworkers

A. The Northwest Totem poles represented family and community history; they held gatherings called

A. The Northwest Totem poles represented family and community history; they held gatherings called potlatches

B. The Desert West c. 300 BC – AD 1500: Hohokam lived along Gila

B. The Desert West c. 300 BC – AD 1500: Hohokam lived along Gila River; built irrigation networks for their crops

B. The Desert West Hohokam lived in adobe pithouses; abandoned area due to climate

B. The Desert West Hohokam lived in adobe pithouses; abandoned area due to climate change A reconstruction of a pit-house in Mesa Verde National Park shows the pit dug below grade, supporting posts, roof structure of layers of wood and mud, and the entry through the roof.

B. The Desert West Anasazi developed pueblo architecture – permanent adobe houses; most villages

B. The Desert West Anasazi developed pueblo architecture – permanent adobe houses; most villages had kivas

B. The Desert West Anasazi also had cliff dwellings built high in the walls

B. The Desert West Anasazi also had cliff dwellings built high in the walls of canyons

Cliff dwellings, Mesa Verde, CO Round openings are kivas

Cliff dwellings, Mesa Verde, CO Round openings are kivas

C. The Great Plains lie between Rockies and Mississippi; people hunted buffalo; tribes communicated

C. The Great Plains lie between Rockies and Mississippi; people hunted buffalo; tribes communicated with sign language Herd of American Buffalo (Bison)

C. The Great Plains No horses - hunted on foot; used the jump-kill method

C. The Great Plains No horses - hunted on foot; used the jump-kill method or drove buffalo into corrals

The Blackfeet tribal buffalo herd grazes near Montana’s Two Medicine River. On the opposite

The Blackfeet tribal buffalo herd grazes near Montana’s Two Medicine River. On the opposite bank is the Kutoyis buffalo jump site, where prehistoric hunters would drive their prey over low cliffs.

A rock cairn, part of a drive -line system that funneled buffalo toward a

A rock cairn, part of a drive -line system that funneled buffalo toward a predetermined point, overlooks the Two Medicine River valley.

The slope below the precipice at the Schultz site on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation

The slope below the precipice at the Schultz site on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation still bears the remains of countless buffalo.

C. The Great Plains Buffalo provided meat and hides to make clothing and build

C. The Great Plains Buffalo provided meat and hides to make clothing and build tepees

C. The Great Plains peoples made tools from bone, stone, and wood; made pottery;

C. The Great Plains peoples made tools from bone, stone, and wood; made pottery; and used dogs as pack animals

II. The Eastern Woodlands stretch from Canada to Gulf of Mexico, from Atlantic to

II. The Eastern Woodlands stretch from Canada to Gulf of Mexico, from Atlantic to Mississippi

A. The Hopewell settled in the Ohio Valley as early as 300 B. C.

A. The Hopewell settled in the Ohio Valley as early as 300 B. C.

A. The Hopewell Built earthen mounds, some shaped like animals; may have been used

A. The Hopewell Built earthen mounds, some shaped like animals; may have been used for burials Hopewell Burial Mounds – City of the Dead Aerial view of the Great Serpent Mound, Serpent Mound State Memorial, Ohio

A. The Hopewell Artifacts and trade goods suggest Hopewell were skilled artisans and traders

A. The Hopewell Artifacts and trade goods suggest Hopewell were skilled artisans and traders Carving of a Hopewell shaman dressed as a bear Carved ceremonial pipes Portrait of a Hopewell person made from copper

B. The Mississippians Flourished from about A. D. 700 to 1550

B. The Mississippians Flourished from about A. D. 700 to 1550

B. The Mississippians Large settlements grew up around earthen mounds; constructed for burial, residential,

B. The Mississippians Large settlements grew up around earthen mounds; constructed for burial, residential, and ceremonial purposes The Kincaid Site in southern Illinois, across the Ohio River from Paducah, Kentucky Ocmulgee Great Temple Mound (near Macon, Georgia)

B. The Mississippians AD 1050 to 1250 – Cahokia was the largest ceremonial center

B. The Mississippians AD 1050 to 1250 – Cahokia was the largest ceremonial center in N. America, pop. 30, 000

St. Louis' Big Mound in 1852. It was the largest of a cluster of

St. Louis' Big Mound in 1852. It was the largest of a cluster of 25 mounds, measuring 319 feet long by 158 feet wide by 34 feet high.

The last hours of Big Mound in April 1869, when its destruction was complete.

The last hours of Big Mound in April 1869, when its destruction was complete. The dirt was used to build the North Missouri Railroad along the Mississippi River.

Sugar Loaf Mound, the last Mississippian mound left in St. Louis. The Osage Nation

Sugar Loaf Mound, the last Mississippian mound left in St. Louis. The Osage Nation of Oklahoma purchased the mound and the house built on top of it in 2009

C. The Iroquois Settled in eastern N. A. ; built longhouses from elm bark;

C. The Iroquois Settled in eastern N. A. ; built longhouses from elm bark; hunted and farmed

C. The Iroquois Five tribes formed a joint government called the Iroquois League

C. The Iroquois Five tribes formed a joint government called the Iroquois League

D. The Inuit Lived in Arctic regions; became skilled hunters and fishers

D. The Inuit Lived in Arctic regions; became skilled hunters and fishers

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