SECTION 1 DICTATORS 1 SOVIET UNION STALIN TOTALITARIAN

SECTION 1 - DICTATORS 1. SOVIET UNION - STALIN TOTALITARIAN RULE STALIN’S GOALS FOR U. S. S. R: -MODERNIZE FARMING -INDUSTRIALIZATION

METHOD OF ACHIEVING GOALS = PURGES (REMOVING ENEMIES OR OTHER UNDESRIABLES FROM POWER) STALIN’S REIGN OF TERROR THE GREAT PURGE 7 MILLION ARRESTED 1 MILLION EXECUTED OTHERS SENT LABOR CAMPS

2. ITALY - MUSSOLINI -TOTALITARIAN RULE -LEADER OF THE FASCIST PARTY IL DUCE- “THE LEADER” -BLACKSHIRTS USED TO BRING THOSE WHO OPPOSED UNDER CONTROL

-ITALY HAS MANY STRIKES AND RIOTS AFTER WWI -MUSSOLINI APPOINTED PRIME MINISTER 1922 -MUSSOLINI SUSPENDS ELECTIONS AND OUTLAWS ALL OTHER POLITICAL PARTIES = DICTATORSHIP

“THE COUNTRY IS NOTHING WITHOUT CONQUEST” -1935 ITALY INVADES AFRICAN KINGDOM OF ETHIOPIA.

3. GERMANY - HITLER TOTALITARIAN RULE NAZISM

HITLER’S RISE TO POWER -ENRAGED BY VERSAILLES TREATY (WAR GUILT CLAUSE) -1919 HITLER JOINS NAZI PARTY (NATIONAL SOCIALIST GERMAN WORKER’S PARTY) -SPENT 9 MONTHS IN PRISON FOR TRYING TO OVERTHROW THE GERMAN GOVERNMENTWRITES -MEIN KAMPF 1923

Mein Kampf (My Struggle) • Hitler’s thoughts are written down by Rudolph Hess • Details Hitler racial beliefs that will become his basis for Nazi Germany • Clearly states the idea of German lebensraum or “living space”. This living space would be in Russia.

Mein Kampf (continued) • Very poorly written book. Displays the stupidity of the basis of Nazi beliefs. • It has different political thoughts & societal theories mashed together with Hitler’s own beliefs to create Nazism. • Germans are the master race of people descended from people the came down from the Himalayan Mountains (yes. . in ASIA)

Mein Kampf • German blood must be protected. • Jewish people are “Untermenchen” or “Under people”. • Their control of Germany and the world at the end of World War One led to Germany being sold out to the Allies. • Jews along with Slavic peoples of Eastern Europe, Gypsies (SE Europeans), homosexuals, disabled people, and mentally challenged people should all be removed from contaminating German Blood.

-HITLER PROMISES RELIEF FROM HARD ECONOMIC TIMES -1932 NAZI PARTY LARGEST PARTY IN REICHSTAG (LOWER HOUSE OF GERMAN PARLIAMNET) -HITLER PLACED 2 ND TO VON HINDENBURG IN PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

-1933: VON HINDENBURG NAMES HITLER CHANCELLOR -SUSPENDS FREEDOM OF SPEECH AND FREEDOM OF PRESS -STORM TROOPERS OR BROWNSHIRTS SILENCED THOSE WHO OPPOSED HITLER

-MARCH 1933 ENABLING BILL GIVES HITLER DICTATORIAL POWERS -1934: HINDENBURG DIES HITLER BECOMES CHANCELLOR AND PRESIDENT -SELF TITLED - DER FUHRER (“THE LEADER”)

GERMANY REARMS: -REARMED AND EXPANDED ARMED FORCES -HITLER SAW EXPANSION AS A WAY TO BRING NATIONAL PRIDE AND COMPETE WITH OTHER COUNTRIES -MAIN GOAL BECAME CONQUEST TERRITORY (LEBENSRAUM - LIVING SPACE)

-MARCH 1936 GERMAN TROOPS ENTER THE RHINELAND

-1936 HITLER AND MUSSOLINI FORM AN ALLIANCE “AXIS” BETWEEN ROME AND BERLIN

-HITLER BEGAN TO PRESS AUSTRIA FOR ANSCHLUSS (UNION WITH GERMANY) -AFTER DENIAL FROM AUSTRIA GERMANY SENDS IN TROOPS -WHERE NEXT?

-HITLER TURNS TO THE SUDETENLAND, (CZECH. ) _CZECH GOVT. SAYS NO TO DEMAND.

IN STEPS BRITAIN/ FRANCE. A MEETING IS CALLED.

RESULT: MUNICH AGREEMENT GERMANY RECEIVES THE SUDETENLAND IN EXCHANGE HITLER PROMISES NOT TO ADVANCE AGAIN. (1938)

- NEVILLE CHAMBERLAIN “PEACE IN OUR TIME”

- 6 MONTHS AFTER ANNEXING THE SUDETENLAND - HITLER TOOK THE WESTERN HALF OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA AND DIVIDED THE REST OF THE COUNTRY AMONG HIS ALLIES -ITALY INVADED AND OCCUPIED ALBANIA

SPANISH CIVIL WAR -FRANCISCO FRANCO LED A GROUP CALLED THE NATIONALISTS -GERMANY AND ITALY BACKED FRANCO -SOVIET UNION BACKED THE REPUBLICANS

SECTION 2 - EUROPE GOES TO WAR -BRITAIN ABANDONS APPEASEMENT WINSTON CHURCHILL PRIME MIN.

AFTER TAKING CZECH. , HITLER WARNED ABOUT FURTHER EXPANSION= WAR -1939 BRITAIN AND FRANCE PLEDGE SUPPORT TO POLAND WHY DOES HITLER NEED TO CUT A DEAL WITH STALIN BEFORE DEALING WITH FRANCE AND GREAT BRITAIN?

-NAZI GERMANY AND COMMUNIST SOVIET UNION MAKE A DEAL -AUGUST 1939 SIGNED A SOVIET NONAGGRESSION PACT

-SEPTEMBER 1, 1939 HITLER INVADES POLAND

-BRITAIN AND FRANCE DECLARE WAR ON GERMANY SEPT. 3, 1939 -GERMANY USES NEW FORM OF ATTACK - BLITZKRIEG “LIGHTNING WAR”

STUKA

PANZERS

-POLAND DEFEATED IN LESS THAN A MONTH -RUSSIA GIVEN EASTERN POLAND SO WHERE TO NEXT IF YOU’RE HITLER?

-BRITISH / FRENCH TROOPS WAITING -GERMAN TROOPS WAITING FOR ORDERS -NICKNAMED “SITZKRIEG” (SIT -DOWN WAR)

WHAT’S GOING TO SAVE FRANCE? MAGINOT LINE

APRIL 9, 1940 GERMANY MAKES A MOVE: -DENMARK /NORWAY FALL -MAY 1940 NETHERLANDS , BELGIUM, LUXEMBOURG FALL -AND NOW GERMANY IS FACING FRANCE.

GERMANY ATTACKS FRANCE

FRENCH /BRITISH TROOPS CUT IN HALF. PUSHED ALL THE WAY TO THE ENGLISH CHANNEL. OVER THE NEXT 9 DAYS THE GREATEST RESCUE OF ALL TIME TOOK PLACE IN A CITY CALLED DUNKIRK.

340, 000 MEN SIT ON THE BEACH WAITING FOR RESCUE.

900 BRITISH VESSELS RESCUED THESE SOLDIERS FROM THE GERMAN BLITZKRIEG.

-HITLER’S TROOPS TURN SOUTH. -JUNE 14, 1940 GERMAN TROOPS ENTERED PARIS. -JUNE 22, 1940 1. 5 MILLION SOLDIERS & FRENCH GOVT. SURRENDERED.

SURRENDER TERMS: FRANCE SPLIT INTO 2 PARTS: NORTHERN HALF – GERMAN CONTROLLED SOUTHERN HALF- FRENCH GOVT. CONTROLLED. CALLED VICHY FRANCE.

-VICHY FRANCE ADOPTED A POLICY OF COLLABORATION. -MEANWHILE, FREE FRENCH MOVEMENT CREATED. LED BY GENERAL CHARLES DE GAULLE. RESISTENCE GROUP CONSISTED OF CITIZENS.

THE BATTLE OF BRITAIN: -20 MILES AWAY FROM FRANCE STOOD HITLER’S LAST ENEMY; GREAT BRITAIN. -GERMANY DECIDED ON USING THEIR LUFTWAFFE TO DESTROY BRITAIN, NOT INVASION.

GREATEST AIR ASSAULT BEGAN AUGUST 1940. DIDN’T END TILL LATE SEPTEMBER.

-FRUSTRATED HITLER ORDERS MASSIVE BOMBING ON LONDON & OTHER CITIES. INCLUDING FIREBOMBS. -LASTED TILL MAY 1941 – KNOWN AS “THE BLITZ” OF BRITAIN. 20, 000 DEAD 70, 000 WOUNDED.

HERO : THE ROYAL AIRFORCE (RAF) FLY OUT TO MEET THE GERMAN BOMBERS 6 TO 7 TIMES A DAY. “NEVER IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN CONFLICT WAS SO MUCH OWED BY SO MANY TO SO FEW. ”

SECTION 3 - JAPAN BUILDS AN EMPIRE -1920’S RECESSIONS HIT JAPAN, BY 1930 TRADE DOWN, ECONOMY SUFFERS. STRIKES, LAYOFFS, AND ANGRY CITIZENS. -MILITARY UPSET , ARMY / NAVY BOTH CUT IN SIZE.

-1930’S JAPAN HITS POPULATION BOOM, MILLION NEW EACH YEAR. LACKED RESOURCES. -SEPT. 1931 JAPANESE ARMY MOVED IN TO MANCHURIA.

FEB. 1932 MANCHURIA CAPTURED.

-JAPAN PLANNED ON USING MANCHURIA AS A BASE FOR FURTHER ASIAN ATTACKS. -1937 ENTERS CHINA, BEIJING FALLS, FRENCH INDOCHINA FALLS IN 1940 -MEANWHILE IN THE U. S. CONGRESS PASSES NEUTRALITY ACTS.

-EUROPEAN WAR KEPT OTHERS TO BUSY TO BOTHER WITH JAPAN. SO JAPAN LOOKED TOWARDS THE DUTCH EAST INDIES. (OIL & RUBBER) -SEPT. 1940 JAPAN ALLIED W/GERMANY & ITALY. TRIPARTITE PACT CREATED. ROME-BERLIN-TOKYO AXIS.

SECTION 4 - ISOLATIONISM TO WAR -NEUTRALITY ACTS KEPT THE U. S. OUT OF WAR. -F. D. R. SAID THE ACTS CREATED AGGRESSION. -AFTER POLAND FELL F. D. R. ASKED TO REVISE NEUTRALITY

-SOON WEAPONS WERE SAILING TO FRANCE /BRITAIN. -FRANCE FELL, GREAT BRITAIN ONLY THING BETWEEN US & THE GERMANS. -SENT 50 DESTROYERS TO BRITAIN.

ELECTION 1940 ROOSEVELT DEMOCRAT W. WILKIE REPUBLICAN

449 VS. 82 ELECTORAL VOTES

-1940 CHURCHILL INFORMS F. D. R. BRITAIN IS BROKE. ROOSEVELT CREATED THE LEND – LEASE ACT.

-1941 GERMANY SURPRISES RUSSIA AND INVADES. -U. S. WILL BY THE END OF THE WAR, LOAN OR GIVE AWAY $49 BILLION WORTH OF AID TO 40 NATIONS.

JAPAN ATTACKS: -JULY 1940 F. D. R. ISSUES SANCTIONS AGAINST JAPAN. STOPS THE SALE OF STEEL/SCRAP IRON. -NEXT, ROOSEVELT FROZE JAPANESE ASSETS IN THE U. S. THEN CUT OIL SHIPMENTS TO JAPAN.

1941 - GENERAL HIDEKI TOJO BECOMES PRIME MINISTER, WHO SUPPORTS WAR AGAINST THE U. S. NOV. 1941 U. S. MILITARY CRACKS THE JAPANESE CODE.

-AMERICAN LEADERS KNEW JAPANESE AIRCRAFT CARRIERS WERE MOVING IN THE PACIFIC. BUT DIDN’T KNOW WHERE THEY WERE GOING. -6 CARRIERS + 20 OTHER SHIPS MOVING TO PEARL HARBOR.

RESULT: LESS THAN 2 HOURS, 2, 400 AMERICANS DEAD 1, 200 WOUNDED 200 WARPLANES DAMAGED/DESTROYED 18 WARSHIPS GONE, 8 OF THE FLEET’S 9 BATTLESHIPS.

DEC. 8, 1941 FDR CALLS FOR WAR, CONGRESS PASSES THE WAR RESOLUTION.