Secondary Reinforcers Punishers Lesson 12 Reinforcers Punishers Primary

Secondary Reinforcers & Punishers Lesson 12

Reinforcers & Punishers Primary reinforcers & punishers l biologically important stimuli l food, water, sexual pleasure, pain & illness n Secondary reinforcers & punishers l money l praise n How do they become an SR? R l Are associated with primary S ~ n

Secondary SRs How do we know if something is an SR ? l Strengthen or weaken behavior that precedes it? n How does it become a secondary SR? l Classical conditioning D Δ R ~ l S or S that reliable predicts S n

Secondary SRs are Predictive n 1. 2. 3 functions l As CS or SD/SΔ CS elicits reflexive responses l With emotional component (CER) CS as a consequence l *CS CER l Modifies operant behavior SD/SΔ sets occasion l For SR ~

Respondent & Operant Learning CS CR l Consistently predicts US n SD consistently predicts SR R l Becomes secondary S n Higher order conditioning D R l CS & S can act like US & S ~ n

Operant Learning Contingency positive SD negative SΔ appetitive Positive RFT Negative Punishment aversive Positive Punishment Negative RFT

CERs Contingency positive negative CS+ CS- Appetitive Positive Affect Negative Affect Aversive Negative Affect Positive Affect US

CER / SR Contingency positive negative CS+ or SD CS- or SΔ Appetitive Positive Affect Negative Affect Aversive Negative Affect Positive Affect US or SR

Respondent Learning CS 1 CS-US pairings Mom picks up US : CS 1 After learning n Mom picks up Food UR Hunger + Positive Affect CR Positive Affect Strong CS-US association Strong CR ~

Higher Order: Respondent CS 2 -CS 1 pairings CS 2 CS 1 CR See Mom Picks up Positive Affect : CS 2 After learning n See Mom CR Positive Affect Strong CS 1 Strong CR l Can act like a US l CS 2 becomes associated CR ~

Generalized Secondary SRs Reinforce or punish wide variety of behaviors n Money l Token l Cultural differences ~ n

Generalized Secondary SRs Social attention l Affiliation l isolation n Facial expressions l Smiles l Frowns ~ n

Review: Secondary SRs US & SR l Biologically important events n CS+ & CS- similar to SD & SΔ l Signals for important events n US elicits reflexive response l & unconditional emotional response n CS+ & CS- CERs l Learned reflexes, automatic ~ n

Review: Secondary SRs Higher order learning l New cues associated with CS l Also come to elicit CERs n Predictive cues D & SΔ for SR l S l Also CSs elicit CERs n CERs become secondary SR l Tokens: e. g. money l Social attention ~ n