Secondary metabolites Classes of Phytochemicals Carotenoids carotene lutein

“Secondary metabolites”

Classes of Phytochemicals? Carotenoids • carotene • lutein Flavonoids • • • lycopene Phenolic compounds anthocyanin • ellagic acid resveratrol • gallic acid quercetin • ferulic acid catechin • caffeic acid Isoflavone Antioxidants • genistein • vitamin C • daidzein • selenium • vitamin E Sulphoraphane Saponin Indoles • glutathione

Flavonoids • Bioflavonoids • Primarily act as an antioxidant • Famous for “French Paradox” resveratrol anthocyanin quercetin hesperadin tangeritin catechin

Phenolic compounds • Lower plasma cholesterol level • Inhibit the risk of CVD and cancers • Also a potent antioxidant • Cereal - brown rice ellagic acid gallic acid caffeic acid – fruits and coffee ferulic acid – existed in fibers from fruits

Isoflavone • Largely contained in soybean • Similar to estrogen genistein daidzein • Well-known to be effective on breast cancer • Lowers plasma cholesterol level • Release the postmenopausal symptoms • Prevents development of osteoporosis • 된장, 두부, 간장, 청국장, 콩나물, 감자, 옥수수, 땅콩, 건포 도

Isothiocyanate • Lowers risk of colon cancer • Crucified vegetables – 배추, 브로콜리, 케일, 양배추, 순무

Phytochemicals and Diseases Progressive stage to cancer • vitamin C • caffeic acid • ferulic acid • isothiocyanate • allyl compounds • ellagic acid • limonene • isoflavone • selenium • catechin