Secondary metabolites 1 Alkaloids 2 phenolic compounds Simple

สารทตยภม (Secondary metabolites) 1. สารอล คาลอยด (Alkaloids) 2. กลมสารฟนอลก (phenolic compounds) - Simple Phenols / Phenolic acids / Phonolic glycosides - Coumarins - Flavonoids - Tanins - Quinones 3. กลมสารเทอรพนอยด และ สเตยรอยด (Terpenoids and Steroids) - monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, diterpenes, triterpene, tertraterpenes, volatile oils, resins and

กลมสารฟนอลก (phenolic compounds) • Simple Phenol / Phenolic acid / Phonolic glycosides • • Coumarins Flavonoids Tanins Quinones In formal terms, a glycoside is any molecule in which a sugar group is bonded through its anomeric carbon to another group via a glycosidic bond. Glycosides can be linked by an O- (an O-glycoside), N- (a glycosylamine), S-(a thioglycoside), or C- (a Cglycoside) glycosidic bond. The sugar group is then known as the glycone and the non-sugar group as the aglycone or genin part of the glycoside. The glycone can consist

กลมสารฟนอลก (phenolic compounds) • Simple Phenol / Phenolic acid / Phonolic glycosides Simple Phenolic acid catechol Benzoic acid cinnamic acid phloroglucinol Caffeic acid Salicylic Acid Gallic acid Methyl salicylate Guaiacol พบนอยมากในธรรมชาต vanillin Vanillic acid

กลมสารฟนอลก (phenolic compounds) • Simple Phenol / Phenolic acid / Phonolic glycosides Salicin, a glycoside related to aspirin Salicin is an alcoholic β-glucoside. Salicin is an anti-inflammatory agent that is produced in willow (Salix) bark. Salicin is also commonly found in the bark of Populus species which was used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic. Salix alba Family: Salicaceae Genus: Salix Aspirin, also known as acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is a medication, often used to treat pain, fever, and inflammation

bearberry กลมสารฟนอลก (phenolic compounds) • Simple Phenol / Phenolic acid / Phonolic glycosides Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Family: Ericaceae Genus: Arctostaphylos Arbutin is a glycoside; a glycosylated hydroquinone extracted from the bearberry plant in the genus Arctostaphylos. It inhibits tyrosinase and thus prevents the formation of melanin. Arbutin is therefore used as a skin-lightening agent. Arbutin is found in wheat, and is

ABUTIN is also found in Bergenia crassifolia. It was also produced by an in vitro culture of Schisandra chinensis. Bergenia crassifolia Family: Saxifragaceae Bergenia crassifolia 五味子, โงวบจ Schisandra chinensis Family: Schisandraceae contains the polyphenols arbutin, kaempferol 3 lathyroside, catechin 3 -O -gallate, , five-flavor berry tannins and the pectin bergenan

β-D-glucoside of vanillin Vanilla planifolia Family: Orchidaceae Natural vanillin is extracted from the seed pods of Vanilla planifolia, a vining orchid native to Mexico, but now grown in tropical areas around the globe. Madagascar is presently the largest producer of natural vanillin. The ice cream and chocolate industries together comprise 75% of the market for vanillin as a flavoring. Vanillin is also used in the fragrance industry, in perfumes, and to mask unpleasant odors or tastes in medicines, livestock fodder, and cleaning products.

กลมสารฟนอลก (phenolic compounds) • Simple Phenol / Phenolic acid / Phonolic glycosides • • • Flavonoids Tanins Quinones • Coumarins คมารนส เปน Lactone ของ O-hydroxy cinnamic acid กลยโคไซด ซงจะเรยกวา coumarin glycosides สาร aglycone อสระ พบสาร coumarins ในพชวงศ Gramin Orchidaceae) วงศกลวยไม ), Leguminosae / Fabacea Umbelliferae/Apiaceae )วงศผกช ) , Rutaceae )วงศสม และ Labiatae / Lamiaceae (วงศกะเพรา )

Coumarins coumarin scopoletin Umbelliferone Aesculetin Khellin Psoralen bergapten dicoumarol

• Flavonoids Chemically, flavonoids have the general structure of a 15 -carbon skeleton, which consists of two phenyl rings (A and B) and heterocyclic ring (C). This carbon structure can be abbreviated C 6 -C 3 -C 6. A B B C