Second World War Technology Mr Rosse Submarines became
Second World War Technology Mr. Rosse
Submarines became much more efficient in the Second World War. German U-boats would attack allied ships and submarines in “wolf packs” The Germans invented a snorkel that brought air into a submarine
Surfacing to recharge its battery made a submarine vulnerable to attack With the snorkel, batteries could be recharged below the surface The model U-47 was considering the most advanced submarine of its time.
U-47 Video • Why were the German U-boats so effective? • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=K 2 RQXZds 1 V 8
Radar (radio detection and ranging) was an electronic system that uses radio waves to detect objects beyond the range of vision Allowed for land bases to detect incoming aircraft and direct their anti-air defenses in the direction of the incoming aircraft
Radar also provided the information about the distance, position, size, shape, direction, and speed of an object. The use of radar was extremely important in the Battle of Britain. Radar was also used to detect enemy naval vessels. Radar
Sonar (Sound Navigation and Ranging) Sonar makes use of sound waves to detect distant objects The use of sonar was largely directed against German submarines.
• Following their failure in the Battle of Britain, the Germans began to use submarine warfare in an attempt to cut off British shipping, upon which Britain depended for vital war materials and food. • The use of sonar allowed the powerful British surface fleet to detect the direction and depth of these submarines and destroy many of them.
V-2 Rockets The German V-2 rocket was a powerful new weapon. With a range of 350 kilometers, the V-2 s were used with deadly accuracy against London in the closing days of the war. Did not impact the outcome of the war.
The V-1 or “buzz bomb” was an automatic aircraft (today known as a “cruise missile”) and the V 2 was a “ballistic missile” that flew into space before falling down on its target (both were rained on London during 194445, killing thousands of civilians).
• It was also known as “"vengeance weapon” • It was designed to attack Allied cities as retaliation for the Allied bombings against German cities • The V-2 rocket also became the first artificial object to cross the boundary of space • The designer of the V-2 moved to United States after the Second World War to help designed the Gemini and Apollo rockets which eventually landing on the moon in 1969.
The German developed a coding machine, known as “Enigma” which converted radio messages into code so that they could not be understood by the enemy. This machine spurred the development of an early computer that could decode German signals. Enigma/Coding Machine
The Imitation Game • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=_C 25 Cw. Nl. Vj. A • Why was cracking the Germany “Enigma” code so important for the Allied Forces?
Jet-Propelled Airplanes The first jet-propelled airplanes were used in the Second World War. The jets could fly higher and faster than propeller-driven planes, both the Axis powers and the Allies worked around the clock to produce as many jets as they could
Synthetics Because of war, some natural raw materials were no longer available, so scientists developed synthetics to replace them Synthetic rubber was stronger than natural rubber and more resistant to heat.
Other Innovations • Plastic wrap (trademarked as Saran wrap) became a substitute for aluminum foil for covering food (and was used for covering guns during shipping) • Cardboard milk and juice containers replaced glass bottles • Plywood emerged as a substitute for scarce metals • Scientists worked to identify which vitamins and minerals were most essential to a healthy body and in what amounts
Canadian Contributions • Canadian researchers carried out studies on seasickness and motion sickness. • This research led to the development of drugs to help cope with these ailments. • Research on night vision led to red lighting being adopted by the Royal Canadian Navy, the Royal Navy, and for some aircraft with the United States Navy. • The National Research Council pioneered the use of nylon for parachutes.
• The Banting Institute also built the first decompression chamber in North America and invented the “Anti-G-suit” which is still used by pilots of high performance aircraft, made improvements to aircrew equipment like oxygen masks, and conducted research into the effects of fatigue and cold. • This research in aviation medicine, allowed people to fly safely at high altitudes for long periods • Soldiers’ rations were carefully formulated to supply the maximum amount of nutrition and energy, while providing for variety and taste
Great advances were made in medical technology, as doctors tried to repair the hideous wounds of the war. Penicillin, an antibiotic was used to treat infections in humans. Contributed to 95% recovery rate for wounded Allied countries. Medical Technology
• Plastic surgeons performed thousands of operations, using innovative techniques to restore hands, feet and faces. • Blood transfusions, in great demand to help the large number of people injured in the war, was made available as a result of work done by Dr. C. H. Best of the University of Toronto.
Compare and Contrast Technology • In todays class, we have discuss the technology advancements during the Second World War. We will now compare these advancements to the certain aspects of the First World War. You will get into a group of (4 -5) and look at a certain aspect. Document both aspects for the First World War and Second World War. • Jets/Planes • Submarines • Tanks • Rockets • Medical • Defense Tactics
• In your group, I want to write down all the changes from the First World War. • One person in your group will be asked to write down on the changes on the white board for the rest of the class to see. • By the end of class, we should be able to see the sweeping changes that occurred during the Second World War.
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