Second Semester Final Review 2005 Like Science com

Second Semester Final Review © 2005 Like. Science. com

A mile or so below you there are large pieces of the Earth’s crust known as _________. Plates

Plates move and float on a river of _______ in the Earth’s ________. Magma, mantle

Where these plates break a _______ will form. fault

At _______ plate boundaries ______ forces cause reverse faults to form. Convergent, compression

At transform plate boundaries _____ forces cause _____ faults to form. Shearing, strike-slip

Lastly, as tension forces act on the plates at __________ plate boundaries, _____ faults form. Divergent, normal

As plates interact they sometimes produce large vibrations known as _____. earthquakes

The _____ is the location under the ground where the energy of the vibrations was released. focus

The point on the surface directly above this location is known as the ______. epicenter

_______, scientist who study earthquakes use instruments called ________ to measure the vibrations caused by earthquakes. Seismologist, seismograph

The first wave of energy released by an earthquake is a ________ wave. primary

Primary waves travel in a _____ motion. Up and down

Second to arrive at the _____ station is the ______ wave. Seismic, secondary

Secondary waves travel in a _____ motion Back and forth

The seismic wave that causes the most damage is the ________ wave. surface

The Earth has an endless supply of resources. false

What is the carrying capacity? How much the Earth's resources can support.

What will happen to Earth’s resources if they are wasted? They will be gone.

Does the population use more or less resources than 200 years ago? more

Define population. Number of species in an area.

What was the global population in 1996? 5. 7 billion

What is a population explosion? A rapid increase in population.

What happens when a region does not have enough food? The animals migrate or starve.

Why has the population of Earth increased so rapidly? Better medicines and Technology.

Why have births increased? Americans are having more babies.

What is the estimated world population for this century? 14 billion

How much garbage does the average person produce in 75 years? 47, 000 kgs

How much water does an average person consume in 75 years? 163 million liters

What is the population density of a region? population divided by area

How do fuels impact the environment? Burning them produces pollution

An area where magma from deep within the mantle melts through the crust is called a(n) hot spot

Volcanoes in both the Andes and the mountains of the Pacific Northwest formed from collisions between an oceanic plate and a continental plate

The volcanoes that form the Ring of Fire around the Pacific Ocean are the result of subducting plates

Magma first forms in the asthenosphere

Which sequence describes the movement of magma from inside a volcano to the surface? magma chamber, pipe, vent

Eruptions of high-silica lava may produce a shield volcano

Groundwater heated by magma forms a(n) hot spring

Wide, gently sloping mountains formed by low-silica lava flows are called shield volcanoes

A mass of rock that forms when a large body of magma cools inside the crust is called a batholith

Dikes are formed when magma enter a vertical crack and hardens

A mountain that forms when layers of lava and ash erupt volcano

Hot spots, such as the one that formed Hawaii, can occur at locations far from plate boundaries

One factor that determines whether a volcano eruption will be quiet or explosive is ____. the amount of water vapor and other gases trapped in the magma.

Magma rises to Earth’s surface because it is ____than surrounding rock. less dense

Magma that squeezes into horizontal cracks and hardens forms a______ sill

Magma that squeezes into vertical cracks and hardens forms a____ dike

The largest intrusive igneous rock body is a batholith

If the magma chamber below a volcano collapses, a _____forms. caldera

An area where magma melts through the crust in the middle of a plate is called a(n) hot spot

Inside a volcano, magma collects in a pocket called a magma chamber

Which factor does not affect how thick or thin magma is? its silica content

Volcanic soils are fertile because they contain potassium and phosphorus

Layers of thin, runny lava that flow over a wide area before they cool and harden can build up a lava plateau

A volcano that is erupting or has shown signs that it may erupt in the future is called dormant

What is a vertical landformed from magma that hardens? dike

All volcanic material is the same size False

Today people are never killed by volcanic eruptions. False

Volcanoes can form on the ocean floor true

There is no relationship between plate tectonics and volcanoes. false

Kilauea in Hawaii releases tremendous amounts of gas. True

Gas trapped in magma under high pressure can cause explosive eruptions. True

Layer of atmosphere weather, clouds, and smog occur Troposphere

Force of air determined by temperature and distance above sea level Air pressure

Naturally occurring gas in the stratosphere that is considered a pollutant in the lower atmosphere ozone

Layer of thermosphere that has a high concentration of electrically charged particles ionosphere

Most common gas in the atmosphere Nitrogen

Layer of atmosphere that includes the ozone layer stratosphere

Type of pollution that can be formed by car exhaust and burning coal or oil smog

Layer of atmosphere between thermosphere and space exosphere

____ makes up from 0 to 4 percent of the atmosphere. Other Gases

The____ contains 75 percent of the atmospheric gases. Troposphere

The division of Earth’s atmosphere into layers is based on_____ differences. temperature

Cold air is denser than warm air and, therefore, has higher ____. mass

_____ is the only substance that exists as a solid, liquid, and gas in Earth’s atmosphere. Water Vapor

The____ is the source of all energy in our atmosphere. Sun

When Earth receives this energy, some energy escapes back into ____ Space

The balance among these three help the atmosphere support Life

Energy reaches Earth in the form of radiant energy, or radiation

Radiation is the transfer of energy by Waves

The present state of the atmosphere is the__. Weather

______is the amount of water vapor in the air. Density

Air is_____ when it is holding all the moisture it can at a certain temperature. Saturated

The temperature at which air is saturated and condensation begins is the Dew Point

of water vapor in air compared to the amount of water vapor air can hold at a certain temperature. Relative

A is an instrument that measures relative humidity. Psychromometer

When millions of tiny drops of water around dust particles form from condensed humid air, a ____forms. Cloud

A stratus cloud that forms near the ground is. Fog

Water droplets that become too heavy to remain suspended in the air fall out of the clouds as. Precipitation

______forms when water drops freeze in layers around small nuclei of ice. Hail

Water drops that fall when the temperature is above freezing fall as. Rain

Water drops that fall when the temperature is below freezing fall as. Snow

When snow passes through warm air, melts, and refreezes near the ground, it becomes Sleet

The boundary between two air masses? Front

When a cold mass of air overtakes a warm mass of air? Cold Front

When two cold masses of air over take a warm mass of air? Occluded front

High pressure system normally mean what type of weather? Warm , clear

A low pressure system normally mean what type of weather? Cloudy weather

The turning of air masses from their original paths because of Earth’s rotation Coriolis Effect

What is Mr. G’s Son’s name? Tucker

How old is Mr. G. ? 30