Second National Communication of Brazil to the United
Second National Communication of Brazil to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change COP-16 / CMP-6 Cancun, December 9 th, 2010
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Commitment of all Parties to the Convention “Develop, periodically update, publish and make available to the Conference of the Parties national inventories of anthropogenic emissions by sources and removals by sinks of all greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol, using comparable methodologies” Article 4. 1(a)
UN Framework Convention on Climate Change Annex 1 Countries Industrialized countries Annual Inventories latest available year: 2008 Non-Annex 1 Countries Developing countries Periodical inventories as part of their National Communications to the Convention 1 st Inventory in 2004, covering 1990 -1994 2 nd Inventory in 2010, covering 1990 -2005
Second National Communication • Steps taken or envisaged in the country – Measures related to climate change mitigation – Measures to facilitate adequate adaptation to climate change • Other information considered relevant to the achievement of the objective of the Convention: – – – Transfer of technologies Research and systematic observation Education, training and public awareness National and regional capacity building Information and networking
Inventory Guidelines: Gases Greenhouse Gases: CO 2 Carbon Dioxide Methane CH 4 N 2 O Nitrous Oxide Hydrofluorocarbons HFCs Perfluorocarbons Sulphur Hexafluoride Indirect Greenhouse Gases CO NOX SF 6 NMVOCs
Inventory Guidelines: Sectors Industrial Processes Energy Fuel combustion Mineral products CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O Chemical industry CO 2 Fugitive emissions in the coal and oil industry CO 2 CH 4 Metal production CO 2 PFCs Production and use of HFCs SF 6
Inventory Guidelines: Sectors Agriculture Enteric fermentation CH 4 Land Use Change and Forestry Forest and grasland conversion CO 2 CH 4 N 2 O Manure management CH 4 N 2 O Abandonment of managed lands CO 2 Rice cultivation CH 4 Burning of agricultural residues CH 4 N 2 O Agricultural soils N 2 O Change in soil carbon CO 2
Inventory Guidelines: Sectors Waste Solid waste disposal CH 4 Wastewater treatment CH 4 N 2 O
Guidelines for Inventories: Principles Comparability (common methods) Consistency (time series) Completeness (all gases and sectors) Transparency (methods and data) Accuracy Quality Control / Quality Assurance
The National Inventory: Organization • Contribution from: – 600 Institutions – 1, 200 Experts • Sectoral Coordinating Entities • General Coordination: CGMC/MCT • Quality Control and Quality Assurance Procedures – Verification of adequacy of the methodology – Transparent background reports – Review by experts not involved in inventory development – Public consultation through MCT's website (Apr-Sep 2010)
The National Inventory: Coordinating Institutions Energy E&E and MME Agriculture EMBRAPA Land Use FUNCATE / INPE Waste CETESB Industrial processes ABIQUIM, ABAL SNIC, IABr, etc. ANEEL (SF 6)
Biomes and Satellite Imaging Coverage Land Use 429 images
Land Use Interpretation • Interpretation for each year: - 429 satellite images - 198 images for the Amazon - 118 images for the Cerrado • Classes identified: - Forests (Primary, Planted, Secondary) Grassland (pastures) Agricultural areas Wetlands (rivers, lakes and reservoirs) Settlements Other
Land Use Interpretation Number of polygons identified Total: 7, 581, 333 polygons - Amazon: 4, 309, 538 polygons - 3, 959, 837 polygons under 25 ha - Cerrado: 1, 119, 600 polygons - 776, 801 polygons under 25 ha - Other biomes: 2, 152, 695 polygons - 1, 712, 695 polygons under 25 ha
Land Use Interpretation For every polygon: – Carbon stock in biomass • Forest – function of biome, vegetation profile and location • Agriculture – function of culture (information provided by IBGE) and management – Soil Carbon • Gain or loss depending on transition
2 nd Brazilian Inventory of Anthropogenic Emissions by Sources and Removals by Sinks of Greenhouse Gases not Controlled by the Montreal Protocol 2005 3. 6% 1. 9% 15. 0% 19. 0% LAND USE CHANGE AND FORESTRY AGRICULTURE AND LIVESTOCKS ENERGY INDUSTRIAL PROCESSES 60. 6% WASTE TREATMENT
2 nd Brazilian Inventory of Anthropogenic Emissions by Sources and Removals by Sinks of Greenhouse Gases not Controlled by the Montreal Protocol Emissões e remoções antrópicas de gases de efeito estufa (Resumo) SETOR 1990 1994 2000 2005 Variação 1990/2005 (Gg CO 2 eq) Part. 1990 Part. 2005 (%) USO DA TERRA E FLORESTAS 812. 672 882. 681 1. 328. 335 1. 329. 053 61 58, 5 60, 6 AGROPECUÁRIA 303. 772 329. 386 347. 878 415. 754 73 21, 9 19, 0 ENERGIA 191. 543 217. 083 301. 096 328. 808 58 13, 8 15, 0 PROCESSOS INDUSTRIAIS 52. 536 58. 506 71. 673 77. 939 67 3, 8 3, 6 TRATAMENTO DE RESÍDUOS 28. 600 32. 146 38. 739 41. 048 70 2, 1 1, 9 1. 389. 123 1. 519. 802 2. 087. 722 2. 192. 601 63 100 TOTAL
2º of Inventário Brasileiro de Emissions Emissões e Remoções Profile Brazilian Antrópicas de Gases de Efeito Estufa – Dados Preliminares (Nov 2009)
Emissions in CO 2 e using different metrics • Brazil presents its emissions and removals in mass units of each gas in a transparent manner • The presentation of total net emissions in CO 2 e depends on the choice of conversion metric • The usual metric (GWP-100) does not correctly represents the contribution to climate change of the different gases as it overestimates the contribution of long-lived gases, like methane • Brazil included in its Second National Communication the results using both the GWP 100 and GTP-100 showing the difference between the results
Net emissions in 2005 using different metrics for CO 2 equivalence Brazilian greenhouse gas emissions in 2005, in CO 2 equivalents
Net emissions in CO 2 e with different metrics Share by sector
Net emissions in CO 2 e using different metrics Share by gas
GHG emissions - evolution Net Emissions Net emissions, in CO 2 in e CO 2 eq 3 2. 5 2. 192 Gt CO 2 eq 2 Land Use and Forestry 1. . 5 Agriculture and Livestock Gt Gt Industrial Processes 1 Waste Treatment Energy 0. . 5 0 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Not part of the 2 nd National Communication Projection for GHG emissions in 2009 Lowest rate sinception of PRODES
Not part of the 2 nd National Communication Net emissions, in CO 2 e – projection for 2006 -2009 Decrease 0. 9 Gt (33. 6%)
Not part of the 2 nd National Communication Compromisso do Brasil na COP 15 BAU Scenario Voluntary commitment of Brasilreduction of ~ 1 Gt CO 2 eq (~ 37 %) 2, 7 Gt
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Thank you! Muito obrigado! ¡Muchas gracias!
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