Seas Barents Black White Bering Caspian Okhotsk Rivers

Seas Barents Black White Bering Caspian Okhotsk Rivers & Lakes Barents ur Am Dnieper Volga Ob Lena Amur Lake Baikal Mountains Carpathians Caucasus Urals Central Asian Eastern Siberia Plains Northern European West Siberian

Seas Barents Black Bering Caspian Okhotsk Barents Rivers & Lakes Bering Dnieper Volga Ob Lena Amur Lake Baikal Mountains Carpathians Caucasus Urals Central Asian Eastern Siberia Plains Northern European West Siberian

Seas Barents Black Bering Caspian Okhotsk Barents Rivers Bering Black Dnieper Volga Ob Lena Amur Mountains Carpathians Caucasus Urals Central Asian Eastern Siberia Plains Northern European West Siberian

Seas Barents Black Bering Caspian Okhotsk Rivers & Lakes Barents Dnieper Volga Ob Lena Amur Lake Baikal Mountains Black Caspian Carpathians Caucasus Urals Central Asian Eastern Siberia Plains Northern European West Siberian

Seas Barents Black Bering Caspian Okhotsk Rivers & Lakes Barents Volga Okh otsk Bering Dnieper Volga Ob Lena Amur Lake Baykal Mountains Black Caspian Carpathians Caucasus Urals Central Asian Eastern Siberia Plains Northern European West Siberian

Seas Barents Black Bering Caspian Okhotsk Barents Bering Okh otsk Rivers & Lakes Dnieper Volga Ob Lena Amur Lake Baykal Mountains Black Caspian Carpathians Caucasus Urals Central Asian Eastern Siberia Plains Northern European West Siberian

Seas Barents Black Bering Caspian Okhotsk Rivers & Lakes Dn iep er Dnieper Volga Ob Lena Amur Lake Baykal Mountains Carpathians Caucasus Urals Central Asian Eastern Siberia Plains Northern European West Siberian

Seas Barents Black Bering Caspian Okhotsk Barents Bering Vo lga Volga Black Okh otsk Rivers Dnieper Volga Ob Lena Amur Lake Baikal Mountains Caspian Carpathians Caucasus Urals Central Asian Eastern Siberia Plains Northern European West Siberian

Seas Vol ga Barents Black Bering Caspian Okhotsk Rivers Dnieper Volga Ob Lena Amur Lake Baikal Mountains Carpathians Caucasus Urals Central Asian Eastern Siberia Plains Northern European West Siberian

Seas Barents Bering Ob Vo lga Volga Ob Okh otsk Barents Black Bering Caspian Okhotsk Rivers Dnieper Volga Ob Lena Amur Mountains Black Caspian Carpathians Caucasus Urals Central Asian Eastern Siberia Plains Northern European West Siberian

Seas Bering Lena Barents Ob na Le Vo lga Volga Ob Okh otsk Barents Black Bering Caspian Okhotsk Rivers Dnieper Volga Ob Lena Amur Mountains Black Caspian Carpathians Caucasus Urals Central Asian Eastern Siberia Plains Northern European West Siberian

Seas Bering Lena Barents Ob na Le Vo lga Volga Black Caspian Ob Okh ur Am otsk Barents Black Bering Caspian Okhotsk Rivers Dnieper Volga Ob Lena Amur Lake Baykal Mountains Carpathians Caucasus Urals Central Asian Eastern Siberia Plains Northern European West Siberian

Seas Barents Black Bering Caspian Okhotsk Rivers Lena Barents Ob Vo lga Volga Ob na Le Lake Baikal Okh ur Am otsk Bering Dnieper Volga Ob Lena Amur Lake Baykal Mountains Black Caspian Carpathians Caucasus Urals Central Asian Eastern Siberia Plains Northern European West Siberian

Seas Bering Lena Barents Ob Vo lga Volga Ob na Le Lake Baikal Okh ur Am otsk Barents Black Bering Caspian Okhotsk Rivers Dnieper Volga Ob Lena Amur Mountains Black Caspian Carpathians Caucasus Urals Central Asian Eastern Siberia Plains Northern European West Siberian

Seas Barents Black Bering Caspian Okhotsk Rivers Dnieper Volga Ob Lena Amur Mountains Carpathians Caucasus Urals Central Asian Eastern Siberia Plains Northern European West Siberian

Seas Bering Lena Barents Ob Vo lga Volga Ob na Le Lake Baikal Okh ur Am otsk Barents Black Bering Caspian Okhotsk Rivers Dnieper Volga Ob Lena Amur Mountains Black Caspian Carpathians Caucasus Urals Central Asian Eastern Siberia Plains Northern European West Siberian

Seas Barents Black Bering Caspian Okhotsk Bering Lena Barents Ob Vo lga Volga Black Caspian Ob na Le Lake Baikal Okh ur Am otsk Rivers Dnieper Volga Ob Lena Amur Mountains Carpathians Caucasus Urals Central Asian (Sayan Mt. ) Eastern Siberia Plains Northern European West Siberian

Seas Bering Lena Barents Ob Vo lga Volga Ob na Le Lake Baikal Okh ur Am otsk Barents Black Bering Caspian Okhotsk Rivers Dnieper Volga Ob Lena Amur Mountains Black Caspian Carpathians Caucasus Urals Central Asian Eastern Siberia Plains Northern European West Siberian

Black Sea to the White Sea

CLIMATES • Affected by 4 natural conditions: - Latitudinal Position - Continental Position - Location of major mountains - Wind direction Humid Continental

CLIMATE AS A RESTRICTIVE ELEMENT • AGRICULTURE – Short growing seasons – Drought prone – Erosion (accelerated via snow melt) • SETTLEMENT PATTERNS & RAIL TRANSPORTATION • INDUSTRY – High energy consumption – Specialized equipment and facilities – Extractive • permafrost • spring and fall mud • special equipment and facilities - $$$

Bread Basket Of Europe

Crimean Peninsula (Fig. 9. 25) RUSSIA The complex cultural geography of the subtropical in southern Ukraine includes ethnic Russians, Ukrainians, and Turkishspeaking Tatars. 26

Crimean Peninsula Yalta

UKRAINE

Ukraine Language Divide Oligarchs

MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIES • IMMENSE TERRITORIAL STATE • NORTHERNMOST LARGE AND POPULOUS COUNTRY IN THE WORLD • A FORMER WORLD COLONIAL POWER • A COMPARITIVELY SMALL (<142 MILLION) AND CONCENTRATED POPULATION • CONCENTRATED DEVELOPMENT • MULTICULTURAL STATE • MINIMAL PORTS

RUSSIA’S DIMENSIONS • SPANS 11 TIME ZONES • GULF OF FINLAND TO ALASKA • TWICE THE SIZE OF THE US OR CHINA

Population Problems • Brain and Skill Drain • Negative population growth (TFR near 1. 6) • High death rates, Russia ranks 135 th out of 194 countries for longevity (U. S. is 38 th) • Illegal migration has offset this lost only slightly.

Population Problems $4145 June 21, 2017 To be used towards education and home improvements.

Population and Settlement: An Urban Domain (cont. ) • The Demographic Crisis – General population decline caused by low birth rates and rising death (mortality) rates, especially among middle-aged males – Causes: • fraying social fabric • economic uncertainty • declining health among women of child-bearing age • stress-related diseases • rising murder and suicide • toxic environments • Abortion – Russia’s population could fall by 45 million by 2050 • New program to encourage higher birthrates Russia’s Increase in birth rate

REGIONS OF RUSSIA

EASTERN FRONTIER Lake Superior 1, 332’ Lake Baykal 5, 387’

RELIGIOUS GROUPS 10% 7% 5% 5% 18% Secularism? 55%

Russification 216

Economic Activity • Primary Economic Activity (98%) • An economic pursuit mainly involving natural or culturally improved resources – Agriculture, Mining, Lumbering. Oil and natural gas, fishing • Secondary Economic Activity • the processing of materials to render them more directly useful. – Manufacturing, Assembling of raw materials • Tertiary Economic Activity • Sectors of the economy that provide markets and exchange for commodities. – Wholesale and retail trade, Personal and professional services – Government information services, Medicine, Recreation • Quaternary Economic Activity • An information oriented economic activity. – Research, Think tanks, Information processing • Finance, insurance, Computer and telecommunications, Education

FUEL RESOURCES

RUSSIA’S ECONOMIC/MANUFACTURING ZONES (RUSSIAN CORE)

Mafia, Corruption and Oligarchs • The Post-Soviet Economy – The Russia Interior Ministry estimates that the Russian mafia controls 40% of the private economy and 60% of the state-run enterprises; 80% of banks in Russia may be under mafia influence: Protection money, corruption result – Russian mafia is global; Money laundering (Russia, U. K. , U. S. Iowa? ); gambling (Sri Lanka); drugs (Colombia); legitimate Israeli high tech companies 50

• Growing Economic Globalization and Russia’s Petroleum Economy • Russia has 35% of the world’s natural gas reserves – Mostly in Siberia – World’s largest gas exporter • Primary destination for Russian petroleum products is western Europe – Former U. S. S. R. republics depend on Russia’s energy – Foreign investment in new pipelines, other technology

RUSSIA’S PROSPECTS • ECONOMIC – INDUSTRIAL RESOURCES – TRANSPORTATION INFRASTRUCTURE – MANUFACTURING CAPACITY – DISTANCE DECAY • POLITICAL – INTERNAL & EXTERNAL CHALLENGES – PUTIN – Oligarchs (page 210)

• PRIME MINISTER – determines the basic guidelines of the Government activity; – presents to the President proposals on the structure and functions of the central institutions of the executive branch (e. g. ministries and federal agencies); – nominates the vice prime ministers, federal ministers and other officers and presents them to the President; – represents the government as an institution in foreign relations and inside the country; – heads the sessions of the Government and its Presidium and has the right of decisive vote; – signs the decrees and executive orders of the government; – systematically informs the President about the Government activities; • PRESIDENT – The President shall be the head of state and the guarantor of the Constitution and of civil and human rights and liberties. He shall take measures to protect the sovereignty of the Russian Federation, its independence and integrity, and to ensure the concerted functioning and interaction of all bodies of state power; – The President shall define the basic domestic policy guidelines of the state; – The President shall define the basic foreign policy guidelines of the state; – The President shall be the Commanderin-Chief of the Armed Forces; – The President shall resolve issues of citizenship of the Russian Federation, award state decorations, and grant pardons;

RUSSIA’S EXTERNAL CHALLENGES • NATURAL RESOURCE DISTRIBUTION – Many natural resources now in former Soviet republics • IRREDENTISM – Concern for Russians outside its borders • NATIONAL PRIDE – Determination to remain the champion of Slavic interests – Desire to remain a power in international community • CENTRIFUGAL FORCES – Separatist aims in the Caucasian periphery

CENTRIFUGAL FORCES Separatist aims in the Caucasian periphery http: //www. bbc. co. uk/news/world-europe-12268662

Key Terms • Collectivization – the process of forming collectives or collective communities where property and resources are owned by the community and not individuals. • • Continentality – D Humid Continental Russification- assimilation Chernozems Soils – black soils Oligarchs – wealthy and powerful

CONTESTED AREAS

TRANSCAUCASIA Georgia Azerbaijan Page 172 Armenia

CENTRIFUGAL FORCES Separatist aims in the Caucasian periphery

Pop quiz 1. Because of this primary economic activity in Ukraine complete this phrase. Ukraine is the _______ Basket of ____. 2. Name one of the four regions in Russia 3. The dominant Religion in this regions is a. Islam b. Roman Catholism c. Orthodox d. Judaism