Search for New Physics beyond the Standard Model
Search for New Physics beyond the Standard Model with precision measurements in nuclear b decays P. Ascher(1), B. Blank(1), P. Delahaye(2), F. De Oliveira(2), F. Didierjean(3), X. Fléchard(4), M. Gerbaux(1), J. Giovinazzo(1), T. Kurtukian Nieto(1), E. Liénard(4), O. Naviliat-Cuncic(4), G. Quéméner(4), N. Smirnova(1), J-C Thomas(2), M. Versteegen(1) CENBG (2) GANIL (3) IPHC (4) LPC Caen
Nuclear b decay: a laboratory to test the Standard Model Nuclear b decay = semi-leptonic process governed by weak interaction (WI) possible tool to study WI • Complementarity "particle physics" – "nuclear physics" "High energy" frontier "Precision/intensity" frontier Direct search for new particles • With a strong theoretical support (Ex. : EFT) Search for their traces González-Alonso et al PPNP 104 (2019) § Link between HE – LE § Experiments to be performed clearly targeted @ LE in nuclear beta decays Prospectives in 2 p 3 30 – 31 Jan 2020, Caen E. Liénard 2
Nuclear b decay: a laboratory to test the Standard Model Nuclear b decay = semi-leptonic process governed by weak interaction (WI) possible tool to study WI • IN 2 P 3 labs involved in 3 topics: § Exotic currents beyond V-A theory § Violation of fundamental symmetries, esp. CP § CVC hypothesis, CKM unitarity Guided by Measurement of correlations in nuclear b decays + Measurement of ft values (M, T 1/2 , BR, (r)) … and inspired by Prospectives in 2 p 3 30 – 31 Jan 2020, Caen E. Liénard ar. Xiv: 1907. 02164 v 2 3
Exotic currents beyond V-A theory • Correlations between particles momenta Non T odd pol ariz ed nuc lei D-correlation a & b depend on possible coupling constants: Ci & Ci ‘ with i=V, A, S & T Pure F Pure GT Prospectives in 2 p 3 a. F a. GT 30 – 31 Jan 2020, Caen (= 1 in SM) (= -1/3 in SM) E. Liénard ± (= 0 in SM) b. GT ± (= 0 in SM) b. F 4
Exotic currents beyond V-A theory • Correlations between particles momenta Non T odd pol ariz ed nuc lei D-correlation § measurement of coefficient a: sensitivity to recoil energy ! b is present and experiments give access to: § measurement of coefficient b: beta energy spectrum shape or ft_value: f ~ Prospectives in 2 p 3 30 – 31 Jan 2020, Caen E. Liénard 5
Exotic currents beyond V-A theory: status SCALAR pp → e+ e- + X channel LH n B. R. Holstein JPG 41(2014) N. Severijns & B. Blank, JPG 44(2017) TENSOR pp → e+ e- + X channel LH n Circles because RH n a @ ~ 0. 5% a @ ~ 1% Hardy et al PRC 79(2015) • Best constraints from "b", but "a" adds limits. . . ("b" unsensitive to right-handed n !) • In green: constraints from LHC (CMS data) Naviliat et al ADP 525(2013) Cirigliano et al PPNP 71(2013) Thanks to EFT! Precision level at 10 -3 needed to compete with LHC Prospectives in 2 p 3 30 – 31 Jan 2020, Caen E. Liénard 6
Exotic currents beyond V-A theory: 2 promizing projects I. WISAr. D (Weak Interaction Studies with 32 Ar Decay) Si 1 U DE between pup & pdown p 4 T Scint. • Collaboration CENBG, LPCC, ISOLDE, IKS/Leuven, NPI/Cz Republic, … • Funded by ANR (2018 -2022) • Measurement of a in 32 Ar decay through b – delayed p coincidences Si 2 U b+ Catcher 32 Ar+ Si 1 D p Si 2 D WISAr. D @ ISOLDE Prospectives in 2 p 3 30 – 31 Jan 2020, Caen E. Liénard 7
Exotic currents beyond V-A theory: 2 promizing projects I. WISAr. D (Weak Interaction Studies with 32 Ar Decay) Si 1 U p 4 T Scint. • Measurement of a in 32 Ar decay through b – delayed p coincidences b+ Catcher 32 Ar+ Si 1 D Prospectives in 2 p 3 30 – 31 Jan 2020, Caen E. Liénard Si 2 U p Si 2 D 8
Exotic currents beyond V-A theory: 2 promizing projects I. WISAr. D (Weak Interaction Studies with 32 Ar Decay) • Measurement of a in 32 Ar decay through b – delayed p coincidences § Test experiment in Nov 2018 § Detectors from scratch § Only 35 hours of data taking § Unexpected results: 3 rd best result in the world! V. Araujo-Escalona et al. , ar. Xiv: 1906. 05135 [nucl-ex] Prospectives in 2 p 3 30 – 31 Jan 2020, Caen E. Liénard 9
Exotic currents beyond V-A theory: 2 promizing projects I. WISAr. D (Weak Interaction Studies with 32 Ar Decay) • Projected results: 0. 1% seems accessible! WISAr. D Future(!) LHC (14 Te. V) González-Alonso et al PPNP 104 (2019) Schedule: § 2018 -2024: ISOLDE (32 Ar) § 2025 - …: DESIR Ø Higher intensity Ø Test of theoretical corrections Ø Other candidates • Mnewboson > 5 Te. V Prospectives in 2 p 3 30 – 31 Jan 2020, Caen E. Liénard 10
Exotic currents beyond V-A theory: 2 promizing projects II. b-STILED (b: Search for Tensor Interactions in nuc. Lear b. Eta Decay) • Collaboration LPCC, GANIL, Ln. HB • Submitted to ANR in 2019 • Determination of b. GT in 6 He decay with the b spectrum shape § b scattering "Calorimetric" method Low Energy High Energy (in the sense of Nuclear Physics) Setup LIRAT Setup LISE § HE setup already tested @ MSU X. Huyan et al. , HI 237 (2016) X. Huyan et al. , NIMA 879 (2018) § GANIL can host the 2 setups Schedule: Implantation on the surface ( 2 detectors) Prospectives in 2 p 3 Implantation in depth R(beam) > R (b) 30 – 31 Jan 2020, Caen E. Liénard § 2020 -2025: GANIL (6 He) 11
Exotic currents beyond V-A theory: 2 promizing projects I. WISAr. D (Weak Interaction Studies with 32 Ar Decay) • Collaboration CENBG, LPCC, ISOLDE, IKS/Leuven, NPI/Cz Republic, … II. b-STILED (b: Search for Tensor Interactions in nuc. Lear b. Eta Decay) • Collaboration LPCC, GANIL, Ln. HB ! At the level of precision targeted, different effects must be taken into account in the description of event distributions: radiative effects, recoil effects, FSI effects, … A tremendous job performed by IKS/Leuven & Ln. HB Prospectives in 2 p 3 30 – 31 Jan 2020, Caen E. Liénard 12
CP violation • Correlations between particles momenta and spin T odd D-correlation J Adequate choice of detector geometry § Sensitivity to TRV sensitivity to CP violation (CPT theorem) new sources expected to explain matter/antimatter asymmetry § D correlation & EDM searches: complementarity & different sensitivity to González-Alonso et al. PPNP 104 (2019) possible extensions of SM § Experimental method: b-n correlation and decaying nucleus polarization LPCTrap-like setup + lasers (optical pumping) = MORA Prospectives in 2 p 3 30 – 31 Jan 2020, Caen E. Liénard 13
CP violation: the MORA project • Collaboration GANIL, LPCC, IJCLab, JYFL, IKS/Leuven, ISOLDE, … • Funded by Region Normandie (2018 -2020) & ANR (2020 -2024) • Measurement of D b-n correlation and decaying nucleus polarization Huge limitation of systematic effects Recoil Optical pumping method: § > 99% pol. degree expected § never done in 3 D-Paul trap Phoswich (x 4) ʘ b 135° Measurement chamber Laser Injection line TRAP Prospectives in 2 p 3 30 – 31 Jan 2020, Caen E. Liénard 14
CP violation: the MORA project • Candidates D can be ≠ 0 ONLY IF r ≠ 0 & r ≠ mirror decays Calaprice et al. Hyp. Int. 22 (1985) Chupp et al. PRC 86 (2012) D(n) = (− 0. 9 ± 2. 1) 10 -4 D(19 Ne) = (1 ± 6) 10 -4 X n 19 Ne+ 23 Mg+ 39 Ca+ F(X) 0. 3413 (8) -0. 4078 (7) -0. 5142 (10) 0. 5563 (16) DFSI (X) 1. 2× 10 -5 1. 5× 10 -4 1. 2× 10 -4 -3× 10 -5 NO Yes (JYFL) Yes? (DESIR) > 105 (JYFL) > 108 (DESIR) 106 ? (DESIR) Existing laser Beam production - Probing a new particle > 100 Te. V! ! Prospectives in 2 p 3 Strong theoretical support from IJCLab! 30 – 31 Jan 2020, Caen E. Liénard Sensitivity to "New Physics" Final State Interaction Schedule: § 2020 -2024: JYFL (23 Mg) sensitivity: 5. 2× 10 -4 § 2025 - … : DESIR Ø 23 Mg: 3. 8× 10 -5 Ø 39 Ca: ~ 10 -6 ? 15
CVC hypothesis, CKM unitarity, … • "Measurement" of Ft values in pure Fermi (PF) transitions: status 0+ T 1/2 Specific theoretical corrections QEC BR 0+ S T A T U S 1 experimental quantities: • masses of parent and daughter QEC f. V • half-life t 1/2 • branching ratio Common radiative correction § Studied for more than 30 y § 15 nuclei (+ 6 others) § CVC hypothesis @ ~ 10 -4 § Vud = √ 2 CV / GF = 0. 97420 (21) best value in Prospectives in 2 p 3 (In red: contributions from French group) Collab. : CENBG, LPCC, GANIL, JYFL, ISOLDE, TRIUMF 30 – 31 Jan 2020, Caen E. Liénard 16
CVC hypothesis, CKM unitarity, Exotic scalar current • "Measurement" of Ft values in pure Fermi (PF) transitions: status S T A T U S 1 § Studied for more than 30 y § 15 nuclei (+ 6 others) § CVC hypothesis @ ~ 10 -4 § Vud = √ 2 CV / GF = 0. 97420 (21) best value in S T A T U S 2 (In red: contributions from French group) Collab. : CENBG, LPCC, GANIL, JYFL, ISOLDE, TRIUMF § Best limit on Scalar current (LH n) Hardy & Towner PRC 91(2015) Ft 1/Z remind: Hardy et al PRC 79(2015) b. F = -0. 0028 (26) Prospectives in 2 p 3 CS / CV = 0. 0014 (13) Improvement of data @ low Z is crucial 30 – 31 Jan 2020, Caen E. Liénard 17
CVC hypothesis, CKM unitarity, Exotic scalar current • "Measurement" of Ft values in pure Fermi (PF) transitions: status Hardy & Towner PRC 91(2015) S T A T U S 3 Specific theoretical corrections Common radiative correction § Globally limited by theoretical corrections! …and new calculation of DR reopens controversy! "Old" DR Clear need of: 0. 02361 (38) Marciano et al PRL 2006 "Recent" "Very recent" 0. 02467 (22) Seng et al PRL 2018 3072. 07 (63) s 3070. 50 (117) (new d. NS ) § Theoretical support! (CENBG is involved) Ft § Data to test corrections! Vud 0. 97420 (21) 0. 97370 (14) 0. 97395 (21) Unitarity 0. 9994 (5) 0. 9984 (4) 4. 4 s away! 0. 9989 (5) 2. 2 s away! Prospectives in 2 p 3 30 – 31 Jan 2020, Caen Hardy et al PRC 2015 E. Liénard Seng et al PRD 2019 18
CVC hypothesis, CKM unitarity, Exotic scalar current • "Measurement" of Ft values in pure Fermi (PF) transitions: projects 1) Schedule: BR in light nuclei (10 C, 14 O, …) 2020 -…: SPIRAL 1, ISOLDE 2) • Improve Ft values for heavy nuclei to improve CVC hypothesis (66 As, 70 Br, 78 Y, …) and test theoretical corrections 2022 -…: S 3 with an adapted gas cell* • Extend measurements in mirror decays (23 Mg, 33 Cl, 37 K, …) (MORA could be used to determine r) 2020 -…: SPIRAL 1, ISOLDE, JYFL, … 2025 -…: DESIR (MORA, MLLTRAP, …) *: requires development of a fast gas cell for S 3 -LEB Prospectives in 2 p 3 30 – 31 Jan 2020, Caen E. Liénard 19
Conclusion • Exotic currents beyond V-A theory (from correlations in nuclear b decay) Goal: a, b measurement @ 0. 1% at least 1. WISAr. D (correlation b - delayed p in 32 Ar) funded (ANR) 2 phases: 2020 -2024 ISOLDE (32 Ar) 2025 - … DESIR (I , other candidates) 2. b-STILED (b energy spectrum shape) submitted (ANR) 2 phases: 2020 -2025 GANIL: LIRAT (LE) & LISE (HE) • CP violation (from correlations in nuclear b decay) Goal: D measurement @ ~ 10 -5 MORA funded (RIN, ANR) 2 phases: 2020 -2024 JYFL (23 Mg) 2025 - … DESIR (I , other candidate: 39 Ca) • CVC hypothesis, CKM unitarity Goal: measurement of M, T 1/2, BR (+r) @ ~ 10 -4 (< 10 -2) in specific decays 2020 -…: SPIRAL 1, ISOLDE 23 Mg, 33 Cl, 37 K, … 2020 -…: SPIRAL 1, ISOLDE, JYFL, DESIR 1. Light nuclei: 10 C, 14 O, … 2. Heavy nuclei: 66 As, 70 Br, 78 Y, … 2022 -…: S 3 with a fast gas cell A strong theoretical support is needed for all the projects Prospectives in 2 p 3 30 – 31 Jan 2020, Caen E. Liénard 20
Dark sectors of the Universe: New JEDI* project Collaboration (France): GANIL: B. Bastin, F. de Oliveira, M. Lewitowicz, D. Ackerman, C. Stodel, A. Chbihi, J. -E. Ducret… IJCLab: J. Kiener, A. Coc I. Deloncle, C. -O. Bacri, C. Hamadache, A. Laviron, J. Bourçois, V. Tatischeff, F. Hammache, N. de Séréville et B. Roussière IAP: C. Pitrou + (USA): M. Pospelov + (CZ Rep. ): J. Mrazek + (ULB): P. Descouvemont + (Italy-Sicilia): L. Lamia, M. La Cognata, G. R. Pizzone Slides prepared by Beyhan Bastin Prospectives in 2 p 3 30 – 31 Jan 2020, Caen E. Liénard 21
Dark sectors of the Universe: New JEDI* project Collaboration (France): GANIL : B. Bastin, F. de Oliveira, M. Lewitowicz, D. Ackerman, C. Stodel, A. Chbihi, J. -E. Ducret… IJCLab: J. Kiener, A. Coc I. Deloncle, C. -O. Bacri, C. Hamadache, A. Laviron, J. Bourçois, V. Tatischeff, F. Hammache, N. de Séréville et B. Roussière. IAP: C. Pitrou. + (USA): M. Pospelov + (CZ Rep. ) : J. Mrazek + (ULB): P. Descouvemont + (Italy-Sicilia): L. Lamia, M. La Cognata, G. R. Pizzone Universe composition Matter (5%) Dark Matter (26%) The Standard Model (SM) of particle physics fails to describe hidden sectors of our universe. Dark Sectors (DS) = hypothetical sets of relatively light particles with interaction orders of magnitude lower than the electromagnetic interactions. DS are composed of one or more particles, that couple to SM through portals. Dark Energy (69%) Introduced by [1] C. Boehm et al. , NPB 683 (04) 219. M. Pospelov et al. PLB 662 (08) 53. [3] N. Arkani-Hame et al. PRD 79 (09) 015014 …but poorly tested. Portals that might be studied though nuclear physics experiments => This leads to the fundamental question of the existence of a fifth force of nature. *New Judicious Experiment for Dark sector Investigations 22
Example of the Dark Vector portal Extension of Gauge theory : SU(3)x. SU(2)x. U(1)x. U’(1) Prospective studies in USA (2017) and CERN (2018) Grey: current experimental constraint Red: 8 Be measurement Other colours: exclusion zone covered by future projects - Real experimental signature of a new boson? - Spurious effect related either to an experimental error or a subtle effect of NP in such a complicated system as 8 Be e. g. : https: //arxiv. org/abs/2001. 04864 (4 He) https: //arxiv. org/abs/1703. 04588 (8 Be) 23
International context (strong competition) New JEDI project 1) Scientific goals - Study the EXISTENCE or NOT of a new gauge boson with a mass of few Me. V. - Study 8 Be system independently and study of simplest nuclear system (to reduce nuclear structure uncertainties). - Define the nature of the boson (if it exists). - Impact on BBN (e. g. D abundance) 2) Experimental goal: construct a dedicated setup - Pre-study and tests already done. - First design defined (needs for GEANT 4 simulations to validate the final design). Nuclear physics experiments CERN courrier 20 décembre 2019 The experimental program will start at the ARAMIS-SCALP (France) and NPI (Czech Rep. ) facilities until the GANIL-SPIRAL 2 facility (France) is ready. It will cover the full set of beams required for the project. 3) Timeline Great scientific international competition (CERN, NSCL…) => Should be ready soon, first experiment (8 Be) should be done ideally end of 2020. 4) Funding needed and mandatory material, post doc. . . 24
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