SDI PolicyPeopleCulture Arnold Bregt Contents n SDI people

SDI Policy-People-Culture Arnold Bregt

Contents n SDI & people and organizations n SDI and culture n SDI and policy (separate sheets) 1

SDI and People Technology People Policy Data Standards (Rajabifard et al, 2002) 2

SDI & People (roles) n Meaning of people in SDI: l Individuals l Organizations (group of people) 3

SDI & People (roles) l Users l Policy makers, money providers, coordinators l Data providers, service providers, value adders l Researchers and organizations 4

Users n Very important actor within SDI n Little know about wishes n Reason: diverse group and hardly any investigation 5

Canadian approach n User centered-design l l input of users at various stages in the design of a system ensures that it is easy to use and meets the needs of its users source: Geo. Connections

SDI & People (roles) n Are always users/potential clients right? Henry Ford - founder of the Ford Motor Company: "If I had asked my customers what they wanted, they would have said: - a faster horse. " n Therefore other roles are also important for: l l l innovative thinking expertise research 7

Policy makers, money providers, coordinators n Executive bodies e. g. www. geonovum. nl n Ministries 8

INSPIRE (example) Source: State of Play 2010 9

INSPIRE (example) Source: State of Play 2010 10

INSPIRE (example) 11

Data providers, service providers, value adders 12

Researchers and SDI organizations n n n Non-profit organization Members from more than 50 countries USA-initiative Annual conference Newsletters Funding UN SDI 13

Researchers and SDI organizations • INSPIRE • SDIU-JRC 14

Researchers and SDI organizations n PCGIAP: Permanent Committee on GIS Infrastructure for Asia & the Pacific n PCIDEA: Permanent Committee on SDI for the Americas 15

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Researchers and SDI organizations Examples n The University of Melbourne n SADL, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven n CGI 17

Researchers and SDI organizations SDI Conferences n GSDI conferences – every 1, 5 year n EC GI & GIS workshops (since 2008 Inspire Conference) – every year n AGILE – every year 18

SDI organizations n There a few key organizations that play a role in any SDI, but the local arrangement depends strongly on the (national historical) setting and culture 19

Cultural differences and SDI

What is Culture? 21

Cultural differences and SDI What is culture? l a set of learned beliefs, values and behaviors the way of life is shared by the members of a society. 22

Three levels of uniqueness in human mental programming (Hofstede, 1997) Specific to individual Specific to group Universal Inherited personality and learned culture Learned human nature Inherited

Cultural differences and SDI Characterizing Culture (Hofstede, 1997) n n n power distance (PDI) individualism/collectivism (IDV) masculinity/femininity (MAS) uncertainty avoidance (UAI) long term orientation (LTO) (added 1991) Indulgence versus Restraint (IVR) (added in 2010) National and regional cultural groupings affect the behavior of societies and organizations, and that are very persistent across time. 24

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Cultural differences and SDI 27

Cultural differences and SDI n Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions 28

Cultural differences and SDI What is the relation between culture and SDI? n n High value for individualism, strong bottom up initiatives. High value for long-term orientation, strong SDI vision and funding. 29

Cultural differences and SDI Power distance Uncertainty avoidance large strong weak masc. small Access to GI L H Sharing of GI L H L L/H Masculinity versus Femininity fem. L/H H L, H = low, high support for access to and part. use of GI 30

Relation with SDI 31

Results 32

Results 33

Assignment week 3 n n n Please prepare a presentation about your SDI case from a social point of view. Describe the data policy of your case and subsequently try to explain it from a cultural perspective. (Use Hofstede’s cultural dimensions as a characterization of culture in your case study) 34

Week 3 n Formulate one proposition related to theme of this week. n (It is not necessary to link it with your case study) 35

Questions? Thank you for your attention!